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	Laurent - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Laurent series in mathematics, named after the French mathematician Pierre Alphonse Laurent
		Augustin Laurent, (1896-1990) a French minister and resistant
		Rimond Laurent (Rymont Lawrasz, Vaišvilkas, Vojszalak, Vojšalk, Vaišelga, Vaishyalga, Vaišalgas; +killed 9 December 1268 Vladimir), Prince of Black Ruthenia 1239 - 1254, Grand Prince of Lithuania 1254, 1258 – 1263
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Laurent (125 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Auguste Laurent and the Prehistory of Valence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The exploration of Laurent's early career reveals that this French chemist had proposed a hyposthesis to explain phenomena due to valence fifteen years before August Kekulé's Exposition of the classic valence-bond theory in 1858.
		Laurent put forward a hypothesis supposing the dividibility of atoms at a time when such a theory was far removed from the possiblity of experimentation.
		Laurent's hypothesis influenced certain advances in his chemistry, and that of his close associate, Charles Gerhardt, and eventually these advances helped turn most chemists to atomism.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/3718652358 (282 words)

	Auguste Laurent -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Laurent discovered several important organic compounds and, with Charles Gerhardt, developed a systematic classification of them.
		More results on "Auguste Laurent" when you join.
		His idea that all organic compounds were based on four main types (i.e., hydrogen, hydrogen chloride, ammonia, and water) was opposed by his contemporaries and was later abandoned, but it proved important in the subsequent rationalization of structural organic chemistry.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9047358?tocId=9047358 (572 words)

	Laurent_Hermann (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		When Hermann Laurent was born his father was the professor of chemistry at the University of Bordeaux, a position he had taken up in early 1839 having been appointed on 30 November 1838.
		At this time the Laurent family were awarded a state pension, and Hermann was sent to study first at the École Polytechnique in Paris and then at the École d'Application at Metz.
		In 1871 Laurent was appointed as an actuary for the Compagnie d'Assurance de l'Union.
	www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk /history/Mathematicians/Laurent_Hermann.html (807 words)

	AllRefer.com - Auguste Laurent (Chemistry, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Auguste Laurent[OgUst´ lOrAN´] Pronunciation Key, 1808–53, French organic chemist.
		He devised a systematic nomenclature for organic chemistry.
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Auguste Laurent
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/LaurentA.html (196 words)

	Molecular Structure
		Dumas was an enthusiastic supporter of Berzelius, but one of Dumas's pupils, Auguste Laurent (1807-1853) managed, in 1836, to substitute chlorine atoms for several of the hydrogen atoms in the molecule of ethyl alcohol.
		Laurent held firm, however, and continued to accumulate evidence to the effect that radicals were not as indestructible and untouchable as Berzelius insisted, and that one must not overemphasize the matter of positive and negative.
		Berzelius's anger barred Laurent from the more famous laboratories, and while Berzelius lived, his version of the radical theory remained in being by the sheer force of his personality.
	www.3rd1000.com /history/molecule.htm (4441 words)

	Laurent, Auguste
		Laurent earned a degree as a mining engineer (1837), and served as assistant to Dumas, then he became professor of chemistry at Bordeaux (1838).
		Laurent fought against the dualistic theory of Berzelius.
		French chemist who, as a student of Dumas was given the responsibility of determining the problems with the candles in the French King's 1833 soireé.
	www.euchems.org /Distinguished/19thCentury/laurent.asp (104 words)

	Phthalic acids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Phthalic acid was obtained by French chemist Auguste Laurent in 1836 by oxidizing naphthalene tetrachloride, and, believing the resulting substance to be a naphthalene derivative, he named it naphthalenic acid.
		Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac determined its formula and showed Laurent’s supposition to be incorrect, upon which Laurent gave it its present name.
		It can be manufactured by oxidizing naphthalene tetrachloride (prepared from naphthalene, potassium, chlorate and hydrochloric acid) with nitric acid, or, better, by oxidizing the hydrocarbon with fuming sulfuric acid, using mercury or mercuric sulphate as a catalyst.
	www.free-download-soft.com /info/realtors.html (352 words)

	genneratWeb - pafg82 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Laurent SIMON [Parents] was born on 14 Mar 1676 in, Avant lès Marcilly, AUBE.
		Laurent married Michelle BLAQUE on 28 Apr 1701 in, Avant lès Marcilly, AUBE.
		Auguste Marie Pierre BLOT [Parents] was born on 29 Sep 1840 in 6ème ancien, Paris, PARIS and was christened on 18 Oct 1840.
	gennerat.free.fr /english/pafg82.htm (337 words)

	AUGUSTE LAURENT BURDEAU - LoveToKnow Article on AUGUSTE LAURENT BURDEAU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		AUGUSTE LAURENT BURDEAU - LoveToKnow Article on AUGUSTE LAURENT BURDEAU
		He died on the 12th of December 1894, worn out with overwork.
		To properly cite this AUGUSTE LAURENT BURDEAU article in your work, copy the complete reference below:
	1.1911encyclopedia.org /B/BU/BURDEAU_AUGUSTE_LAURENT.htm (206 words)

	Canadian Chemical News: Auguste Laurent: A Remarkable Nineteenth Century French Chemist.@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Despite considerable adversity and an early death, Auguste Laurent made outstanding contributions to chemistry, some of which are described herein.
		Auguste Laurent was born on September 14, 1808, in La Folie, near Langres, Haute-Maine, France, and died in Paris on April 15, 1853.
		Laurent was the second of four sons of a wine merchant and knew poverty from an early age.
	highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?docid=1G1:65806719&refid=ink_tptd_mag (233 words)

	Rootenberg Rare Books/Alchemy & Chemistry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Laurent was the first to distinguish between molecular, atomic, and equivalent weights, and to point out that the substitution of hydrogen for chlorine does not materially alter the properties and structure of an organic chemical compound.
		Also included are his basic ideas later used by Couper and Kekulé in their proposition for carbon chains, which became a great influence on Wöhler's contributions to organic chemistry.
		Laurent (1807-53) was an assistant to Dumas at the Ècole Centrale before becoming professor of chemistry at Bordeaux.
	www.rootenbergbooks.com /Rootenberg_Books_Alchemy.html (1877 words)

	Index Ba
		In August 1940 he was arrested by the British for sedition and remained in prison until the Japanese invasion in 1942.
		He was again jailed from August to December 1947 on suspicion of complicity in the assassinations of Aung San and other leading ministers in July 1947.
		In August 2005 he was named first deputy prime minister and put in charge of the armed forces by Abdul-Khalim Sadulayev, who succeeded as president when Maskhadov was killed.
	www.rulers.org /indexb1.html (19299 words)

	Lycos Search : laurent
		Pierre Laurent entered the École Polytechnique in Paris in 1830, in the year of the July...
		Laurent Kabila seemed like a saviour during his march to power - but he failed to deliver his people from poverty and corruption.
		Yves Saint Laurent Baby Doll Paris Anti-Perspirant Deodorant Spray - Launched in 1999 as a fruity floral fragrance for women, this is the Peter Pan of the...
	search.lycos.co.uk /cgi-bin/pursuit?query=laurent (287 words)

	014 FULL CIRCLE: Part 14 by Carole (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Auguste then put his hands on Danielle's shoulders and turned her to face him.
		Auguste then nodded to the stablemaster who opened the stall door and reached in to untie a leadrope.
		Auguste stopped breathing for a moment as his eyes glistened over the sight of his two lovely daughters.
	www.ever-after.net /full/full14.htm (2500 words)

	The New York Review of Books: PASTEUR'S 'PRIVATE SCIENCE'
		Perutz objects to Geison's suggestion that Pasteur slighted his collaborator, Auguste Laurent, and claims that Geison accuses Pasteur of "opportunism." From the full text of the Pasteur-Dumas letter (p.
		This and Geison's other evidence on the politics of Laurent and Dumas make it reasonable to suspect that Pasteur's gratuitous deprecation of Laurent was intended to help insinuate himself into Dumas's circle.
		There was no need to attribute Pasteur's failure to acknowledge the guidance he had received from his teacher Auguste Laurent to political opportunism, because Laurent's ideas on the relationship between the crystalline forms of tartaric acid and the transmission of polarized light when they are dissolved in water had proved misleading.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/1289 (1966 words)

	Andre Laurent ( - ) Artwork Images, Exhibitions, Reviews
		Laurent Zucchi (Francesco Zucchi), The Descent from the Cross, after Van Dyck, 18th century
		Juan Laurent, Oviedo #282- Puerta principal de la Catedral (Main Portal of the Cathedral of Oviedo), one of eight prints from an unidentified album, circa 1870
		Juan Laurent, Madrid #754 - Escalera principal de Palacio (Main Stairway of the Palace in Madrid), one of eight prints from an unidentified album, circa 1870
	wwar.com /masters/l/laurent-andre.html (501 words)

	CHARLES FRANCOIS MARIE, COMTE DE REMUSAT - LoveToKnow Article on CHARLES FRANCOIS MARIE, COMTE DE REMUSAT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		REMUSAT, CHARLES FRANCOIS MARIE, COMTE DE 1875), French politician and man of letters, was born in Paris on the I3th of March 1797.
		His father, Auguste Laurent, Comte de Rmusat, of a good family of Toulouse, was chamberlain to Napoleon, but acquiesced in the restoration and became prefect first of Haute Garonne, and then of Nord.
		In 1871 he refused the Vienna embassy offered him by Thiers, but in August he was appointed minister of foreign affairs in succession to M. Jules Favre.
	1911encyclopedia.org /R/RE/REMUSAT_CHARLES_FRANCOIS_MARIE_COMTE_DE.htm (752 words)

	liebeault
		FOREWORD BY MELVIN GRAVITZ, Ph.D. Laurent Carrer is a French native who has lived in the U.S. since 1978.
		Laurent is passionate about making more historical resources available to English speakers and has begun translating the important works of French pioneers, making them pertinent to our times by providing relevant commentary and biographical/historical background.
		[Laurent Carrer is a French native who has lived in the U.S. since 1978.
	www.durbinhypnosis.com /liebeault.htm (4979 words)

	Diagrams Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		French chemist Auguste Laurent obtains pure carbolic acid through the distillation of pit coal.
		Swedish chemist Svante August Arrhenius introduces the idea that acids are substances that disassociate in water to yield hydrogen ions (H+) and that bases are substances that disassociate to yield hydroxide ions (OH–), thus explaining the properties of acids and bases through their ability to yield ions.
		Swedish chemist Svante August Arrhenius theorizes that molecules require a given amount of energy, which he calls activation energy, before they can react with other substances.
	www.fofweb.com /Subscription/Science/Timeline.asp?SID=2&Topic=Chemistry (5648 words)

	Pneumatic chemistry (from Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		One of the most honored men in the history of science is the Frenchman Antoine Laurent Lavoisier.
		For more than a century before his day, chemists had been hampered by a false theory about fire and the burning of matter.
		In some cases, air suction instead of compression is used to operate the tool or appliance, as in the familiar vacuum cleaner.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-218475?tocId=218475 (746 words)

	Laurent Delvaux ( - ) Artwork Images, Exhibitions, Reviews
		Laurent Cars, Portrait of Frere Jean Levesque de la Cassiere, 17th - 18th century
		Juan Laurent, Batalha (Portugal) #841 - Porte Travessa (Travessa Door in the Cathedral of Batalha in Portugal), one of eight prints from an unidentified album, circa 1870
		It turns around the genre of the architectural capriccio, from the 16th to the 18th century, wit...
	wwar.com /masters/d/delvaux-laurent.html (669 words)

	Rodin works
		Truman Bartlett, "Auguste Rodin, sculptor", in Albert E. Elsen, "Auguste Rodin: Readings on his Life and Work", Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1984 (reprinted from the American Architect and Building News, XXV, Nos.
		Monique Laurent, "Observations on Rodin and his Founders", contribution to the 1981 Rodin Rediscovered catalalog, referred to as "Elsen".
		Jacques Vilain (Curator), "Auguste Rodin - Esculturas and Fotografias", Edições Pinacoteca, São Paulo, 2000
	www.rodin-web.org /works/sources.htm (964 words)

	C&EN: BOOKS - CHEMISTRY'S QUIXOTIC BEGINNINGS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Their brilliant insight into the classification of organic compounds in the 1800s was not appreciated by the chemical establishment in the capital.
		The 19th century was a rich period for the isolation and synthesis of organic compounds: Urea was synthesized in 1828, quinine was isolated in 1830, and benzene was synthesized in 1834.
		Thanks to Laurent and Gerhardt, most organic chemists had already agreed to use one set of atomic weights.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/books/8251/8251books1.html (1690 words)

	STMicroelectronics \| Executive Biographies \| Laurent Bosson
		Laurent Bosson was born in Mieussy, near Chamonix, France, in 1942 and graduated in chemistry and physics from the University of Dijon, France.
		He also became Executive Vice President following the formation of the ST Corporate Executive Committee, comprised of five corporate executives in addition to the COO, and the CEO.
		Laurent Bosson has held the position of Chairman of the Board of the US subsidiary company, STMicroelectronics, Inc since 1996.
	eu.st.com /stonline/company/bio/bosson.htm (409 words)

	( Famille BOUCHARD de M-A.GINESTET à A.PERRUCHE DE VELNA )
		Edith Jeanne Suzanne LAURENT (24 JUIL 1929 -)
		Henri Marie Charles LAURENT (01 JAN 1889 - 05 JUIN 1958)
		Odile Marguerite Marie LAURENT (05 OCT 1920 -)
	www.bouchard-family.com /genealogy/ind0050.html (420 words)

	HYLE 8-1 (2002): The Plays of Boys. Review of Oliver W. Sacks: Uncle Tungsten: Memories of a Chemical Boyhood
		Ampère pioneered the notions of molecular structure and architecture as goals for chemistry to establish and understand, and as tools for chemists to apply to the unraveling of the laws of chemical combination.
		In so doing, Laurent was experimenting with the notion of a three-dimensional regular solid or polyhedron in order to recapitulate (and abstract) the whole series of metamorphoses a molecule was capable of undergoing.
		This was one of the seeds for the molecular formula as Kekulé would conceive it 20 years later (1858 and step 5).
	www.hyle.org /journal/issues/8-1/rev_laszlo.htm (4487 words)

	chemical history of ether (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In the same year, Liebig moved from Giessen to Munich and, perhaps heeding Wöhler's admonition, divorced himself from the murky theories of organic chemistry.
		The Frenchmen, Auguste Laurent (1808-1853) and Charles Gerhardt (1816-1856), brought about new ways of thinking about organic structures.
		In particular, Gerhardt was able to demonstrate that the formulas used by Liebig should be halved, that organic compounds should be considered as a single entity (unitary theory), and through his theory of residues (the second type theory), formulated the double decomposition reaction.
	classes.yale.edu /chem220a/studyaids/history/ether/ether.html (2452 words)

	The Private Science of Louis Pasteur
		That Pasteur, before he arrived at his discovery, was confused about what he was looking for.
		That he was guided in his search by the work of Auguste Laurent, whom he later wrote out of the record for possibly self-interested reasons.
		That, when he presented his results publicly, he expressed the clarity of his mature understanding rather than the confused path that had led him there.
	www.people.fas.harvard.edu /~agoldham/articles/pasteur.htm (2412 words)

	August 21 - Today in Science History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Born 21 Aug 1816; died 19 Aug 1856.
		Charles (-Frédéric) Gerhardt was a French chemist who, with Auguste Laurent, developed a classification of organic compounds.
		Like most chemists he was aware that the dualistic system of Jöns Berzelius was unsatisfactory and tried to create an alternative.
	www.todayinsci.com /8/8_21.htm (1545 words)

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