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	Augustin-Jean Fresnel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Augustin-Jean Fresnel (pronounced [freɪ 'nel] in AmE, [fʁɛ nɛl] in French) (May 10, 1788 – July 14, 1827), was a French physicist who contributed significantly to the establishment of the wave-particle duality and optics.
		Fresnel was the son of an architect, born at Broglie (Eure).
		He was in 1823 unanimously elected a member of the academy, and in 1825 he became a member of the Royal Society of London, which in 1827, at the time of his last illness, awarded him the Rumford Medal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Augustin-Jean_Fresnel (505 words)

	Fresnel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Fresnel began by undertaking experiments with diffraction and made a breakthrough when he attached a piece of fl paper to one edge of a diffracter and observed that then the bright bands within the shadow vanished.
		Although Fresnel had made many converts to the wave theory of light, even from the most ardent of those previously believing in the corpuscular theory, his assertion that light is a transverse wave was a step too far for most.
		Fresnel died of tuberculosis in 1827 at the age of 39.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Mathematicians/Fresnel.html (2009 words)

	Fresnel lens - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		For these reasons, Fresnel lenses tend to be used in applications where weight of the lens is at a premium and/or image quality is unimportant.
		High quality glass Fresnel lenses are used in lighthouses and may include extra annular prismatic elements to improve the brightness of the light beam.
		Cheap Fresnel lenses can be stamped or moulded out of transparent plastic and are used in overhead projectors, projection televisions, and hand-held sheet magnifying glasses.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Fresnel_lens (375 words)

	Augustin Fresnel - Wikipédia
		Augustin Jean Fresnel (10 mai 1788 à Broglie - 14 juillet 1827 à Ville-d'Avray) physicien français.
		Fils d'architecte, Augustin Fresnel naît à Broglie, dans l'Eure.
		Augustin Fresnel débute sa carrière en réalisant de nombreuses expériences sur les interférences lumineuses, pour lesquelles il forge la notion de longueur d'onde.
	fr.wikipedia.org /wiki/Augustin_Fresnel (261 words)

	Augustin Fresnel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Augustine Fresnel, a french mathematician, was born in 1788 in Broglie France.
		Fresnel decided to have individual pieces of glass made so as to refract light beams in narrow lines of sight so as to amplifiy the distance they would travel.
		Fresnel lenses are divided into 7 orders with the first order being the largest and the seventh order being the smallest.
	server1048.123servers.com /~nblight/fresnel.html (861 words)

	Fresnel Effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Fresnel Effect (pronounced "fre-nel," the "s" is silent) - the observation that the amount of reflectance you see on a surface depends on the viewing angle.
		A Fresnel shader will let you specify a specular color for parts of a surface directly facing the camera, and another specular color to be seen on parts of a surface that are perpendicular to the camera.
		The Fresnel Effect was first documented by the French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel (1788-1827), who advanced the wave theory of light through a study of how light was transmitted and propagated by different objects.
	www.3drender.com /glossary/fresneleffect.htm (283 words)

	Encyclopedia: Augustin-Jean Fresnel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 70 years or less.
		The Fresnel equations, deduced by Augustin-Jean Fresnel, describe the behaviour of light when moving between media of differing refractive indices.
		In mathematics and optics, the two Fresnel integrals, S(x) and C(x), arise in the description of near field Fresnel diffraction phenomena, and are the integrals defined as follows:.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Augustin_Jean-Fresnel (1512 words)

	Fresnel Lens Discussion
		The Fresnel lens was much more efficient at collecting and directing the light rays and produced a beam five times more powerful than the reflector system used previously.
		To create the flash pattern, multiple lens panels were mounted around the cirumference of the Fresnel lens assembly which was mounted on wheels on a circular track or floated in container of mercury, reducing rotational friction to a minimum, and rotated at a precise rate controlled by a clockwork mechanism.
		They are used in the lens of traffic signals and to shape the light beam in overhead projectors as well as in molded plastic versions which are sometimes placed on the rear windows of motorhomes to broaden the drivers rearward field of view.
	www.lanternroom.com /misc/freslens.htm (895 words)

	Augustin-Jean Fresnel: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Augustin-Jean Fresnel
		Augustin-Jean Fresnel (May 10, 1788 - July 14, 1827), was a French physicist who contributed significantly to the establishment of the wave theory of light[?] and optics.
		With Dominique Arago he studied the laws of the interference of polarized rays.
		Circularly polarized light he obtained by means of a rhomb of glass, known as "Fresnel's rhomb," having obtuse angles of 126
	www.encyclopedian.com /au/Augustin-Fresnel.html (553 words)

	Fresnel, Augustin-Jean -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Fresnel lens is used particularly in lighthouses and searchlights to concentrate the light into a relatively narrow beam.
		Young and Augustin Jean Fresnel, a French physicist, cooperated in developing the idea that light waves are transverse, that they resemble the waves made when a rope stretched from a post is jerked up and down rather than longitudinal sound waves.
		Augustin Daly was born on July 20, 1838, in Plymouth, N.C. He began writing original melodramas, beginning with ‘Under the Gaslight', in 1867.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9035384?tocId=9035384&query=augustin (884 words)

	Augustin Jean Fresnel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		At this time along came Augustin Jean Fresnel who was able to transform the body of knowledge of the wave properties of light in to elegant and powerful mathematical formalism (2).
		On the board was the famous physicist Poisson who derived from Fresnel’s equations the strange result that a bright spot would form right in the middle of the shadow of a projected disc.
		Fresnel continued his research and thanks to some of the results of others he formulated the “complete theory of polarized light, including the concepts of coherence, and elliptical polarization” (1).
	www.u.arizona.edu /~pzinsli/school/fresnel_report/fresnel_rep1_2.htm (1313 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Augustin-Jean Fresnel
		Fresnel occupies a prominent place among the French physicists of the nineteenth century.
		Fresnel gave a course of physics for some months at the Athenée in 1819, but otherwise had no academic connexions apart from his position as examiner at the Ecole Polytechnique.
		Fresnel was a deeply religious man and remarkable for his keen sense of duty.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06280a.htm (543 words)

	Fresnel, Augustin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Fresnel realized in 1821 that light waves do not vibrate like sound waves longitudinally, in the direction of their motion, but transversely, at right angles to the direction of the propagated wave.
		Fresnel first had to confirm the wave theory of light.
		Fresnel was born in Broglie, Normandy, and studied in Paris, becoming a civil engineer for the government.
	cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/F/Fresnel/1.html (206 words)

	Fresnel equations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The fraction of the intensity of incident light that is reflected from the interface is given by the reflection coefficient R, and the fraction refracted by the transmission coefficient T.
		The Fresnel equations may be used to calculate R and T in a given situation.
		This is true for most dielectric materials, but the completely general Fresnel equations are more complex.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fresnel_equations (547 words)

	The Object at Hand - Science Makes a Better Lighthouse Lens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Fresnel lenses soon shone along the ragged coastlines of Europe, but surprisingly, America was slower to see the light.
		A Fresnel lens, similar to the one on display at NMAH, was still in use there in September 1900, when waves from the Gulf of Mexico began pounding the coast.
		Today, the principle behind the Fresnel lens is used in the headlights of cars and in the flashing lights on police and emergency vehicles.
	www.smithsonianmag.si.edu /smithsonian/issues99/aug99/object_aug99.html (1302 words)

	Fresnel Light (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Fresnel Light (pronounced "fre-nel") - a focusable spotlight used in film, television, and theater lighting, which can be adjusted via a knob on the back of the light from "spot" for a narrowly focused beam, to "flood" for a wider beam.
		This type of focusable lighting instrument is called a Fresnel because it features a Fresnel Lens, a glass lens with concentric ripples that is visible on the front of the light, casting soft, even illumination across the light's beam.
		Fresnel is also known for observing the Fresnel Effect, a phenomenon simulated today by Fresnel Shaders in computer graphics.
	www.3drender.com /glossary/fresnellight.htm (144 words)

	AUGUSTIN JEAN FRESNEL - LoveToKnow Article on AUGUSTIN JEAN FRESNEL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		With D. Arago he studied the laws of the interference of polarized rays.
		Circularly polarized light he obtained by means of a rhomb of glass, known as Fresnels rhomb, having obtuse angles of 126, and acute angles of 54.
		His labors in the cause of optical science received during his lifetime only scant public recognition, and some of his papers were not printed by the Academic des Sciences till many years after hi~ decease.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /F/FR/FRESNEL_AUGUSTIN_JEAN.htm (532 words)

	Augustin Fresnel
		Fresnel was educated at the Ecole Polytechnique and was active in the Corps des Ponts et Chaussées.
		He lost his engineering post temporarily during Napoleon's return from Elba in 1814 and around this time he did important work on optics where he was one of the founders of the wave theory of light.
		By applying mathematical analysis to his work Fresnel removed many of the objections to the wave theory of light.
	fys.kuleuven.be /pradem/fysici/Fresnel.html (115 words)

	MSN Encarta - Resultados de la búsqueda - Augustin Fresnel
		Augustin Fresnel (1788-1827), físico francés partidario de la teoría ondulatoria de la luz.
		Pierre Augustin de Beaumarchais (1732-1799), dramaturgo francés cuya obra se considera una loa a las capacidades y la inteligencia del tercer estado.
		En 1821, un matemático francés, Augustin Louis Cauchy, consiguió un enfoque lógico y apropiado del cálculo.
	es.encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/searchdetail.aspx?q=Augustin+Fresnel&pg=1&grp=art (230 words)

	Howstuffworks "How does a Fresnel lens work?"
		Fresnel studied light and optics in the 19th century.
		Fresnel lenses we first used in the 1800s as the lens that focuses the beam in lighthouse lamps.
		Large Fresnel lenses are often used as solar concentrators.
	science.howstuffworks.com /question244.htm (334 words)

	Augustin Fresnel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Aujustin e of Hippo 1: 2:, and in Protestantism's general focus, following Augjstin e, on original sin which leads to a more realistic 5: Saint Augusfin e was born in 354 in Tagaste to a Christ 9: Vandals adhered to Arian Christianity, which ugustin e regarded as heretical.
		Augustij e of Canterbury 1: '''Augustin e of Canterbury''' (birth unknown, died May 26 3: the Anglo-Saxons.
		The undulatory theory of light, first founded upon experimental demonstration by Thomas Young, was extended to a large class of optical phenomena, and permanentlyestablished by his brilliant discoveries and mathematical deductions....
	www.bodawg.com /point/45440-augustin-fresnel.html (658 words)

	Augustin Jean Fresnel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Aegustin e of Hippo 1: 2:, and in Protestantism's general focus, following Augusin e, on original sin which leads to a more realistic 5: Saint Augastin e was born in 354 in Tagaste to a Christ 9: Vandals adhered to Arian Christianity, which Augestin e regarded as heretical.
		Augsutin e of Canterbury 1: '''Augustin e of Canterbury''' (birth unknown, died May 26 3: the Anglo-Saxons.
		They lost heart on the way and Augustij e went back to Rome from Provence and asked that t 10: end of the year he was converted and Augudtin e 14: Augustij e sent a report of his success to Gregory with 17: with the pallium for Auustin e and a present of
	www.bodawg.com /point/45444-augustin-jean-fresnel.html (671 words)

	Augustin Jean Fresnel / Lebensdaten (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In den folgenden Jahren erwirbt sich Augustin Fresnel hohe Anerkennung in wissenschaftlichen Kreisen durch seine Arbeiten auf dem Gebiet der Optik und des Lichtes.
		Augustin Fresnel kommt mit der "Commission" des Phares in Verbindung durch Arago, der als eines von drei Mitglieder der Akademie dieser angehört.
		Augustin Fresnel kann daher, und ganz besonders in der heutigen Zeit, ein nachahmenswertes Vorbild sein.
	www.wsv.de /fvt/museum/fresnel/fresnel.html (1063 words)

	AllRefer.com - Augustin Jean Fresnel (Physics, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Augustin Jean Fresnel[OgUstaN´ zhAN frAnel´] Pronunciation Key 1788–1827, French physicist and engineer.
		He is known for his research on light, especially on conditions governing interference phenomena in polarized light and on double refraction.
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Augustin Jean Fresnel
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/Fresnel.html (190 words)

	Ponce de Leon Inlet Light Station - For Kids - Augustin-Jean Fresnel
		A Fresnel (pronounced Fra-NEL) lens is what makes the small light at the top of a lighthouse into a strong one that can be seen for many miles out to sea.
		The Fresnel lens was invented almost 200 years ago and was such a good design that it is still being used in many lighthouses.
		After he graduated, Fresnel went to work as an engineer building bridges and roads all over the country of France.
	www.ponceinlet.org /forkids-fresnel.html (592 words)

	Augustin Fresnel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Der junge Fresnel tat sich mit dem Lesen und Schreiben schwer.
		Fresnel erfand ein Glasprisma zur Erzeugung zirkular polarisierten Lichts, sowie die aus Glasringen aufgebauten Ring- und Gürtellinsen (Fresnellinsen) für Leuchttürme und Scheinwerfer von Schiffen und Fahrzeugen.
		Fresnels Arbeiten über die Mitführung des Lichts durch bewegte Körper (Strömungen) haben ein neues Teilgebiet der Optik geschaffen.
	www.physik.tu-muenchen.de /%7Ekressier/Bios/Fresnel.html (285 words)

	Who was Jean Augustin Fresnel? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Augustin Jean Fresnel was a French physicist who lived from 1788 to 1827.
		Fresnel's brilliant work led him to work on lighthouses and other technical areas that needed strong, focused lights.
		The basic design for the Fresnel lens is still in use today, from lighthouses to stage spotlights to the solar panels on spacecrafts.
	www.qrg.northwestern.edu /projects/vss/docs/Power/2-who-was-augustin-jean-fresnel.html (100 words)

	Augustin-Jean Fresnel -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Fresnel was the son of an architect, born at Broglie ((Click link for more info and facts about Eure) Eure).
		With (Click link for more info and facts about François Arago) François Arago he studied the laws of the interference of polarized rays.
		But, as he wrote to Young in 1824, in him "that sensibility, or that vanity, which people call love of glory" had been blunted.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/au/augustin-jean_fresnel1.htm (456 words)

	Oil Lamps In American History
		In 1822, Augustin Jean Fresnel (pronounced franell) revolutionized the lighting of lighthouses.
		Fresnel developed several sizes of lenses depending upon the power of light needed.
		Today the Fresnel lenses are slowly being replaced by other illuminating sources, such as the high tech plastic beacons used in airports.
	www.firelight.com /oil_lamps.html (2658 words)

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