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Topic: Augustinian hypothesis

	ipedia.com: Two-source hypothesis Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Two-Source Hypothesis is the most commonly accepted solution to the synoptic problem among biblical scholars, which posits that there are two sources to Gospel of Matthew and Gospel of Luke: the Gospel of Mark and a lost, hypothetical sayings collection called Q.
		The Two-Source Hypothesis crossed the channel into England in the 1880s primarily due to the efforts of William Sanday, but it was Burnett Hillman Streeter who definitively expressed the case in 1924.
		The Griesbach hypothesis continues to be the main challenger to the Two-Source Hypothesis in America, primarily due to the efforts of William R. Farmer (1965), but in England its most influential opponents favor the Farrer hypothesis (Mark → Matthew → Luke).
	www.ipedia.com /two_source_hypothesis.html (244 words)

	THE SYNOPTIC QUESTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		On the two-source hypothesis, the additions to the triple tradition in Matthew and Luke are explained by postulating that neither the author of Matthew nor the author of Luke used the other as a source; rather both independently made additions to their Markan source from other another source or sources.
		This assumption is compatible with both the two-gospel or Griesbach hypothesis, with the Augustinian hypothesis and with the position represented by Farrer and Gould that the author of Matthew used Mark as a source and the author of Luke used both as sources.
		On the two-source hypothesis, close verbatim agreement in the double tradition is explained by postulating that the authors of Matthew and Luke had access to a source or sources of mostly sayings material, which was unavailable to the author of Mark or at least was not used by him.
	www.abu.nb.ca /courses/NTIntro/synoptic.htm (10852 words)

	The Little Known Literary Battles Between the Gospel Writers
		The latter hypothesis, now known as the "two-document" or "two-source" hypothesis, minimizes the most serious embarrassments for the church related to Mark and Luke while postulating and accepting as a lesser embarrassment that the Augustinian tradition was false in almost every respect.
		It shares with the Augustinian hypothesis (and another called the Farrer hypothesis) that Luke came after Matthew and is dependent upon it.
		It shares with the Augustinian hypothesis that Matthew was first written in the Hebrew tongue, and with the two-source hypothesis that Mark was the first gospel written in Greek.
	www.infidels.org /library/modern/james_deardorff/battles.html (3942 words)

	Synoptic Gospels Primer - Mustard & Leaven (Source Theories)
		Thus, the Augustinian hypothesis of Markan dependence on the text of Matthew results in portraying Mark as a literary butcher, who, instead of summarizing his supposed source, inflated it with superfluous wording that ruined the clarity of the Matthean text.
		For a source hypothesis is only as cogent as its ability to support a plausible explanation of all the alterations an author ostensibly would have made to the texts on which he was allegedly dependent.
		Thus, the Two Source hypothesis is the one leading solution to the synoptic problem that does not require one to suppose that Luke performed elaborate inexplicable surgery on the text of the other synoptic gospels.
	virtualreligion.net /primer/mustard_3.html (3697 words)

	Two-source hypothesis -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Two-Source Hypothesis was first articulated in 1838 by (additional info and facts about Christian Hermann Weisse) Christian Hermann Weisse, but it did not gain wide acceptance among German critics until (additional info and facts about Heinrich Julius Holtzmann) Heinrich Julius Holtzmann endorsed it in 1863.
		Prior to Holtzmann, most Catholic scholars held to the Augustinian hypothesis (Matthew → Mark → Luke) and Protestant biblical critics favored the (additional info and facts about Griesbach hypothesis) Griesbach hypothesis (Matthew → Luke → Mark).
		The Two-Source Hypothesis crossed the channel into England in the (The decade from 1880 to 1889) 1880s primarily due to the efforts of William Sanday, but it was Burnett Hillman Streeter who definitively expressed the case in 1924.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/tw/two-source_hypothesis.htm (209 words)

	Source Criticism (Synoptic Problem) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Augustinian: Matthew was the first; Mark was second and borrowed from Matthew; Luke was last and borrowed from both Matthew and Mark.
		Four-source hypothesis: B. Streeter (1924) argued for 2 other sources in addition to Mark and Q. "M" is the material peculiar to Matthew; "L" is the material peculiar to Luke.
		With the 4-source hypothesis, many scholars have questioned the existence of written documents L and M, though the labels are used for convenience.
	www.gbronline.com /jlamp/critsrc.html (987 words)

	Synoptic problem Did You Mean Synoptic problem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Farrer hypothesis posits that Mark was written first and Matthew used Mark, but that Luke used both, thus dispensing with Q. The Griesbach hypothesis holds that Matthew was written first, and Luke used it in preparing his gospel.
		The Augustinian hypothesis holds that Matthew was written first, then Mark, then Luke, and each Evangelist depended on those who preceded him.
		This lends strength to the Griesbach Hypothesis scenario b(4), but that support is weakened by Tuckett's mathematical observation that the relatively rare deviations of either Matthew or Luke from Mark's order means that this observation is not statistically significant.
	www.did-you-mean.com /Synoptic_problem.html (1410 words)

	Synoptic Gospels Primer - Jesus' Kin (Source Theories)
		A hypothesis that presupposes that Luke used Matthew as a secondary source (C) must also explain why Luke used none of the editorial changes introduced by Matthew.
		Griesbach's hypothesis that Mark conflated the texts of Matthew and Luke can account for parallels between Mark's and Luke's versions of this story, which the traditional Augustinian hypothesis cannot.
		Yet, the primary weakness of the Griesbach hypothesis is its difficulty in accounting for Luke's version of this pericope.
	virtualreligion.net /primer/kin_3.html (1801 words)

	Synoptic Problem FAQ
		One example of direct dependence is the traditional Augustinian Hypothesis, which holds that Matthew was first, followed by Mark who used Matthew, and then by Luke who used both Matthew and Mark.
		For example, the Fragmentary Hypothesis (Diegesentheorie) proposes that the common wording of the synoptics is due to indirect dependence on several smaller documents but their common order is due to an oral tradition.
		About a hundred years ago, the case for the Markan priority hypothesis was thought to rest as a consequence of the observation that Mark is the middle term between Matthew and Luke.
	philenid.tripod.com /Pastor/Matthew/SynopticFAQ.htm (2469 words)

	Augustinian Theme of Harmony
		What I decided upon, then, was, as an Augustinian, I wanted to see how harmony appears in the bishop’s writings and in those of the Augustinian Order and how it contributes to understanding human relationships.
		My hypothesis is the element of harmony in Augustine’s own religious experience has the potential to provide a better understanding of the self and of others.
		The Augustinian is called to be a principle of harmony and to stand up to all the forces that cause fragmentation and alienation.
	www.midwestaugustinians.org /prayerharmony.html (1385 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This hypothesis proposes that the genetic material contributed by each parent mixes in a manner analogous to the way blue and yellow paints blend to make green.
		However, the “blending” hypothesis appears incorrect as everyday observations and the results of breeding experiments contradict its predictions.
		An alternative hypothesis is that the two pairs of alleles segregate independently of each other.
	www.framingham.edu /faculty/rbeckwitt/Ch14WordLectureOutline.doc (5049 words)

	Problem of Evil - Process View
		The hypothesis of continued conscious existence after bodily death provides another instance of a proposition that is verifiable if true but not falsifiable if false.
		This hypothesis entails a prediction that one will, after the date of one's bodily death, have conscious experiences, including the experience of remembering that death.
		Davis felt compelled to modify the original Augustinian idea that human beings were created morally perfect; according to his modification humans were created spiritually immature and morally neutral Why did he not go ahead and adopt the Irenaean understanding that humans were originally spiritually immature and morally imperfect?.
	www.nku.edu /~kenneyr/problink.html (6858 words)

	The Priority of Mark
		Markan priority itself is compatible with the Two-Source Hypothesis and with the Farrer-Goulder Hypothesis.
		The evidence is best explained on the hypothesis that Mark was the first of the synoptics and was written shortly after the First Jewish Revolt when expectations of the imminent parousia were very strong.
		When all these considerations are taken together, the idea that Matthew and Luke added their materials to the Gospel of Mark is seen to be a much better answer to the synoptic problem than the idea that Mark produced an abridgment of Matthew or of the other two.
	www.earlychristianwritings.com /mark-prior.html (4945 words)

	Methodological Naturalism? Part 2. Origins & Design 18:2. Plantinga, Alvin
		By this term I mean to denote a created world that has no functional deficiencies, no gaps in its economy of the sort that would require God to act immediately, temporarily assuming the role of creature to perform functions within the economy of the created world that other creatures have not been equipped to perform.
		What he says seems to be consistent, so far as I can tell, with the claim (say) that in doing their psychology Christian psychologists can properly appeal to the fact that human beings have been created in the image of God, or are subject to original sin.
		On the other hand, there are also non-Duhemian elements in the neighborhood, such as those declarations of certainty and the claims that evolutionary biology shows that human and other forms of life must be seen as a result of chance (and hence can't be thought of as designed).
	www.arn.org /docs/odesign/od182/methnat182.htm (8614 words)

	A Monopoly on Marcan Priority
		But while it is true that the Q hypothesis can only stand if Marcan Priority is first affirmed, the converse is certainly not the case: Marcan Priority does not require the existence of Q in order to make good sense of the Gospels.
		The cause for concern is that the Q hypothesis is artificially bolstered in the mind of many scholars and students of the Gospels because they are unaware of the major alternative that would enable them to dispense with Q at the same time as affirming and building on Marcan Priority.
		It is an hypothesis that as part of the Two-Source Theory has allowed us the means to get familiar with Marcan Priority, to work with it, to test it and to re-imagine Christian origins with it.
	personal1.stthomas.edu /dtlandry/goodacre.html (8493 words)

	Synoptic Problem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This hypothesis was perceived as a concession to Q within the Griesbach camp.
		Pierre Rolland (1982) has a structurally similar hypothesis, identifying pMt as a Hellenist Gospel H, pLk as a Pauline Gospel P, and G as a Gospel of the Twelve D.
		Butler identified proto-Matthew as an Aramaic document that is substantially equivalent to the Greek Matthew.
	www.mindspring.com /~scarlson/synopt (1134 words)

	BIOLOGY 1406
		In 1857, Mendel was living in an Augustinian monastery, where he bred garden peas in the abbey garden.
		Hypothesis: Mendel hypothesized that if the inheritable factor for white flowers had been lost, then a cross between F
		The inheritable factor for white flowers was not lost, so the hypothesis was rejected (see Campbell, Figure 14.2).
	www.accd.edu /sac/biology/MrT/06WEB3/CH14.html (5113 words)

	Annunciation as Election
		And the Christian year, shaped around the narrative of Jesus and shared by Augustinians, Calvinists, and Arminians, commends a happier location for the doctrine of election: in its feast of the Annunciation.
		Third, Augustinian and Calvinist doctrines of double-predestination have a symmetrical feel to them that is missing in the biblical accounts.
		It is in the Church's liturgies, after all, that the biblical visions of election have survived and prospered in the face of both the Pelagian and Augustinian visions.
	www.westmont.edu /~work/articles/annunciation.html (7653 words)

	A PIONEER NARRATIVE CRITIC AND HIS SYNOPTIC HYPOTHESIS: Austin Farrer and Gospel Interpretation
		Farrer's Synoptic hypothesis was ancillary to his principal interest, the literary interpretation of the Gospels, especially Mark.
		On the standard hypothesis, while Matthew combines the teaching material in Q to produce his five discourses, Luke follows Q's order; this accounts among other things for the absence of structure many interpeters have found in Luke's Journey to Jerusalem (Luke 9:51–19:27).
		In this Farrer finds common ground with those scholars for whom the Synoptic problem is a trial to be endured periodically at the hands of enthusiasts rather than a topic of genuine interest, and discussion of same more a visit to the dentist than a day at the races.
	personal1.stthomas.edu /dtlandry/peterson.html (4528 words)

	eom
		Augustinian Hypothesis The opinion of Augustine that the current canonical order of the Gospels is the actual chronological order in which they were composed.
		Second, it is used to refer to the body of opinion within the Augustinian order during the Middle Ages, irrespective of whether these views derive from Augustine or not.
		Griesbach Hypothesis The theory of J. Griesbach (1745-1812) that Matthew was the earliest Gospel and that it was used by Mark and Luke (cf.
	www.adbrown.com /1004ebr.html (10843 words)

	PROBLEMS WITH THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM (This Rock: March 1994)
		The hypothesis of Marcan priority relies on half a dozen main proofs; they are basically duplicative of the proofs given by Streeter.
		William Wrede, writing in 1901, said that "the strength of the Marcan hypothesis lies specifically in the fact that the sequence of the narratives in Mark underlies the sequence in Matthew and Luke." [Ibid., 136.].
		Here, however, we are dealing with a hypothesis that has to be true--indeed, has to be considered certain--because it is the only hypothesis capable of explaining all the features that we find in the Greek text of the Gospels.
	www.catholic.com /thisrock/1994/9403fea2.asp (7163 words)

	Synoptic Problem Website: Synoptic Problem FAQ
		As another example, the Two Source Hypothesis (Zweiquellenhypothese) calls for direct dependence of Matthew and Luke upon Mark for the "triple tradition" but indirect dependence upon a hypothetical written source "Q" for the "double tradition." (Weisse 1838).
		In 1951, however, B. Butler exposed this fallacy (he called it the "Lachmann fallacy" but a more accurate term is the "middle term fallacy") and demonstrated that other solutions can satisfactorily account for the observation.
		The case for Q rests on the independence of Matthew and Luke and is framed in terms of the failure to prove that Luke is dependent upon Matthew (or vice versa).
	hypotyposeis.org /synoptic-problem/2004/09/synoptic-problem-faq.html (2397 words)

	Blessed Gérard Tonque & the early history of the Order of Malta - Sources of Spiritual Heritage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The elements of the Rule of the Order of St. John which are common with the Rule of St. Benedict or with the Rule of St. Augustine or with both of them are used to explain the hypothesis.
		The strong influence of the Augustinians, which we notice in Raymond's Rule becomes more understandable, when we have in mind, that the canons (?) of St. Augustine of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre lived in immediate proximity to the Hospital of Jerusalem.
		Delaville deducts from the strongly Augustinian character of the Rule of the Order of St. John even a striving for independence from the Benedictine monastery St. Mary Latina.
	www.smom-za.org /bgt/bgt_2b.htm (832 words)

	Markan Awareness of Matthew
		This would be a less plausible hypothesis, since it is the Markan text that exhibits the greater indications of editing here.
		Hence, for example, the hypothesis that the writer of Matthew constructed the Sermon on the Mount out of Mk 9:50, 4:21, 11:25-26, 4:24, 9:38-39 and 1:22 is untenable.
		In the first place, an explanation is needed by either hypothesis as to why the saying appears where it is hardly apropos.
	www.tjresearch.info /mksec3.htm (17122 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Original Sin
		Smith, "A Dictionary of Christian Biography", IV, 942.) Celestius, a friend of Pelagius, was the first in the West to hold these propositions, borrowed from Theodorus: "Adam was to die in every hypothesis, whether he sinned or did not sin.
		Here we shall answer only the second category of objections, the others will be considered under a later head (VII).
		(1) The law of progress is opposed to the hypothesis of a decadence.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11312a.htm (3868 words)

	NT Gateway Weblog: Mark Goodacre's Academic New Testament Blog
		Blomberg apparently criticizes the book for the choice of these three "dominant" views and adds, "Had the book truly presented the three most common perspectives, we would have read about Markan priority, the Augustinian hypothesis (and its recent Goulder-Goodacre modification), and Griesbach." I am almost speechless.
		While it's nice to be mentioned and even to be thought of as an advocate of a "common" view, it is troubling that Blomberg apparently does not know what theory Goulder or I propose.
		That it is not only called a modification of the "Augustinian hypothesis" but that it is also listed as something different from "Markan priority" shows what a lot of work still needs to be done by Q sceptics like me to get our views known.
	www.ntgateway.com /weblog/2003/11/naming-synoptic-theories.html (409 words)

	Western Concepts of God [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Humanity must resist the temptation to go beyond what is revealed, especially since God reveals only what we need to know, not all that we wish to know.
		The Reformers' reluctance to use reason to narrow the gap between the spiritual and physical realms continued the Augustinian tradition (which faintly echoed Plato's two realms), challenging the Scholastics' high view of reason and of Aristotle.
		Richard Swinburne says that theism is a simpler hypothesis than polytheism, the latter positing more beings with various capabilities and relations.
	www.iep.utm.edu /g/god-west.htm (8846 words)

	Synoptic Problem Website
		A vigorous challenger to the Q hypothesis is the
		Their Web Site for the Two Gospel Hypothesis is maintained by Thomas R. Longstaff.
		A more traditional analysis of the external evidence, however, is that of the Augustinian hypothesis (AH), in which the chronological order of the gospels is the same as the canonical order (Matt, Mark, Luke).
	www.hypotyposeis.org /synoptic-problem (424 words)

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