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Topic: Aura (satellite)

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	Recent Accomplishments: Atmospheric Composition
		Aura's view from space enables us to understand the long-range pathways of pollutants, and early research results using MLS measurements of carbon monoxide have begun to quantify the role of strong convective weather systems and long-range transport of pollution.
		Thus, daily satellite observations and continuous in situ measurements are needed to observe the emission and transport of dense aerosol plumes downwind of populated and polluted regions and regions with vegetation fires.
		Satellite data from Total Ozone Monitoring Spectrometer (TOMS) instruments have been essential for deriving global trends in UV radiation levels and resolving critical questions about the impacts of increased UV radiation due to stratospheric ozone depletion and changes in aerosols and clouds.
	www.usgcrp.gov /usgcrp/ProgramElements/recent/atmosphererecent.htm (2296 words)

	TES - Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer - Mission Profile
		The satellite and its instruments are scheduled to perform their atmospheric studies (see Science) for five years.
		Aura is one of a series of satellites in NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS), which supports understanding of the Earth as an integrated system by observing its land surfaces, biosphere, atmosphere and oceans.
		Aura is in a "sun-synchronous" orbit that brings the satellite over each latitude at the same local "solar mean time" each day.
	tes.jpl.nasa.gov /mission/index.cfm (502 words)

	NASA launches satellite AURA to study weather, ozone layer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The AURA satellite was launched successfully into orbit early Thursday, on its mission to study the Earth's atmosphere, climate change and regional differences in air quality, NASA said.
		Aura will promote understanding of the influence the composition of the atmosphere has on climate change as well as regional differences in air quality.
		The satellite carries four instruments that will allow it to study the atmosphere from the troposphere, at sea-level, to the stratosphere, where the ozone layer is located: a microwave limb sounder; a high-resolution limb sounder; a spectrometer and an instrument that measures ozone levels.
	www.spacedaily.com /2004/040715103620.vz4ga3iy.html (278 words)

	Aura
		Aura was the third in a series of major Earth observing satellites to study the environment and climate change.
		Aura's chemistry measurements were also to follow up on measurements which began with NASA'S Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite and continue the record of satellite ozone data collected from the TOMS missions.
		The Aura spacecraft bus design was the same as that of NASA's Aqua mission: mechanical and electrical interfaces for accommodating the science payloads differed between the two spacecraft, but the bus subsystems, such as electrical power and attitude control, were identical, resulting in reduced cost for both design and the acquisition of hardware and software.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/aura.htm (423 words)

	Satellite will study atmosphere \| www.azstarnet.com ®
		The Aura satellite will study the composition of the atmosphere to learn how pollution moves, the extent of recovery by the stratospheric ozone layer, which has been depleted, and how the climate is changing.
		"Aura is focused on a fraction of the remaining 1 percent, the trace gases and aerosol particles that are almost as important as oxygen itself in sustaining life on Earth," DeCola said.
		"What Aura will do is help us to understand how stratospheric ozone will respond, given the declining abundances of ozone-depleting chemicals in the atmosphere due to the success of international treaties, while at the same time we have increasing abundances of greenhouse gases that can delay the recovery of ozone," he said.
	www.azstarnet.com /sn/printDS/29486 (348 words)

	Space News from the Space Coast (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		DeCola said Aura instruments will provide scientists with a means of determining if the depleted layer is recovering in the wake of a relatively recent worldwide ban on ozone-eating chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons.
		Aura also stands to be the first spacecraft to provide daily global coverage of the troposphere -- the region from the ground up to about six miles in altitude, or the domain of daily life on Earth.
		Launched May 4, 2002, the satellite is equipped with a suite of instruments that study the world's oceans as well as the water cycle on Earth.
	www.floridatoday.com /news/space/stories/2004b/spacestoryN0710AURA.htm (787 words)

	NASA's Northrop Grumman-built Aura Satellite Marks First Anniversary on Orbit
		Aura was launched on July 15, 2004 from Vandenberg Air Force Base in Calif. on a mission to study the Earth's ozone, air quality and climate.
		Aura, Aqua and several other planned missions are a part of NASA's afternoon constellation of satellites, called the "A-train" because they cross the equator shortly after noon.
		Aura's instruments include the Microwave Limb Sounder and the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer, built by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory; the Ozone Monitoring Instrument, developed by the Netherlands Space Agency and the Finnish Meteorological Institute; and the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder, built jointly by NASA and the United Kingdom.
	www.irconnect.com /noc/press/pages/news_releases.mhtml?d=82363 (421 words)

	Spacecraft Glitch Scrubs Launch of NASA's Aura Satellite
		Aura was all but ready for launch, sitting atop a fueled Delta 2 rocket at Vandenberg Air Force Bases Space Launch Complex 2 in California.
		Aura is expected to join NASAs Terra and Aqua missions studying land and oceans, respectively already in flight.
		Mission scientists said the Aura spacecraft is based on a similar design to Aqua and is about the size of a school bus, weighing 6,500 pounds (2,948 kilograms).
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/auralaunch_scrubbed_040713.html (449 words)

	Universe Today - New Satellite to Assess the Health of the Earth's Atmosphere
		Aura, which is currently scheduled to lift off on June 19, will carry four instruments designed to survey different aspects of the atmosphere, from the troposphere (where we live) to the high stratosphere.
		Aura will survey the atmosphere from the troposphere, where mankind lives, through the stratosphere, where the ozone layer resides and protects life on Earth.
		Aura's four instruments, the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder; the Microwave Limb Sounder; the Ozone Monitoring Instrument; and the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer will work together to provide measurements in the troposphere and stratosphere to help answer important climate questions.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/aura_satellite_set_launch.html (738 words)

	The Seattle Times: Local News: Global pollution will be detected by new satellite
		Aura is shown after completing acoustic testing, one of several tests performed before the launch tomorrow from California.
		This is an artist's conception of the Aura spacecraft built for NASA to study the environment and climate.
		Aura completes a trio of satellites that make up NASA's Earth Observation System: "Terra," launched in 1999, looks at cloud cover, surface temperature and greenhouse gases; "Aqua" joined Terra in 2002 and monitors various aspects of the planet's water cycle.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/localnews/2001975585_satellite09m.html (1106 words)

	SVS Science Story - NASA's Aura: A Mission to Understand and Protect the Air We Breathe - May 17, 2004
		Aura's measurements will be combined with other satellite missions to study the interaction of climate and chemistry.
		Aura will provide an unprecedented and complete picture of the chemistry of the atmosphere, from the troposphere, where we live, through the stratosphere, where most of the ozone resides.
		Aura's instruments are designed to study tropospheric chemistry and will provide global monitoring of air pollution on a daily basis.
	svs.gsfc.nasa.gov /stories/aura_prelaunch_20040517/page2.html (2192 words)

	NASA Launches Aura Satellite
		During its planned six-year mission, Aura will determine whether the Earths stratospheric ozone layer is recovering, study air quality and the global affects of pollution, as well as track climate change due to minute amounts of trace gases and aerosols in the atmosphere.
		Aura is capable of scanning the troposphere, the bottommost layer of the atmosphere in which humans live, to study the air we breathe.
		Auras flight was the third launch attempt this week by NASA officials, a welcome, almost hitch-free, flight after spacecraft and rocket glitches forced two consecutive countdown aborts.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/auralaunch_success_040715.html (677 words)

	NASA satellite eyes atmosphere to improve pollution and climate forecasting
		The satellite works to reveal the processes that connect local and global air quality, and also tracks the extent Earth's protective ozone layer is recovering.
		The satellite is one in an international fleet of Earth-observing satellites nicknamed the "A-Train" that monitor the planet's atmosphere.
		Aura boasts four instruments that provide researchers new glimpses of the Earth's lower atmosphere, or troposphere: the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI); the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES); the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS); and the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS).
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-12/nsfc-nse120705.php (724 words)

	Universe Today - Aura Satellite Delivered to Launch Facility
		Aura has four instruments which will study the chemistry and dynamics of the Earth's atmosphere to provide scientists with data about ozone levels, air quality and climate change.
		Aura will undergo final tests and then be mated to the top of its Boeing Delta II rocket.
		Aura was transported from Northrop Grumman's Space Park manufacturing facility in Redondo Beach, Calif. The spacecraft will undergo final tests and integration with a Boeing Delta II rocket for a scheduled launch in June.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/aura_delivered_vandenberg.html?742004 (418 words)

	science@nasa - Aura
		Aura's objective is to study the chemistry and dynamics of the Earth's atmosphere with emphasis on the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (0-30km) by employing multiple instruments on a single satellite.
		Aura measures greenhouse gases such as methane, water vapor, and ozone in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.
		Aura also measures both absorbing and reflecting aerosols in the lower stratosphere and lower troposphere, water vapor measurements inside high tropical clouds, and high vertical resolution measurements of some greenhouse gases in a broad swath (down to the clouds) across the tropical upwelling region.
	science.hq.nasa.gov /missions/satellite_22.htm (3151 words)

	washingtonpost.com: After Delays, Aura Satellite In Orbit to Study Atmosphere (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE, Calif., July 15 -- After a series of delays, NASA's Aura satellite was launched into orbit early Thursday on a $785 million mission to study Earth's atmosphere.
		The satellite separated from the rocket an hour later and entered orbit 438 miles above Earth.
		Aura's six-year mission is intended to determine the composition of Earth's atmosphere in unprecedented detail.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A53669-2004Jul15?language=printer (237 words)

	TROPOSPHERIC MISSIONS FOR AURA VALIDATION
		The emerging capability for satellite observations of the troposphere is profoundly changing the design of research aircraft missions for tropospheric chemistry.
		Satellite observations provide a wealth of information that can add tremendously to the value of a mission if they are properly integrated in the experimental design of the mission.
		Because of this problem, an absolute requirement for successful aircraft validation of the Aura measurements is that the air composition over the satellite flight track remain stationary over the length of the in situ sampling period.
	www-as.harvard.edu /chemistry/trop/aura_validation/aura_validation.html (2108 words)

	NASA - NASA's Aura: New Eye for Clean Air
		Aura measures five of the six "criteria pollutants" as identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
		Aura will help researchers make determinations about the chemical interactions happening in different layers of the sky to better understand both human induced and natural processes that continue to shape our world.
		Aura's MLS instrument (Microwave Limb Sounder) has just started collecting daily data about the physical and chemical processes that influence the health of the protective ozone by measuring other chemicals in the atmosphere that affect ozone chemistry worldwide.
	www.nasa.gov /vision/earth/lookingatearth/aura_first.html (1139 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Continued hold for Aura satellite
		Aura will peer through the stratosphere and troposphere, to study in detail the thin layer of gas in which we live.
		It is the third in the agency's series of satellites aimed at providing definitive data on the global environment.
		If Aura can help scientists understand precisely what these particles are doing, how they behave and what they mean for the future of the global climate, that would be a significant return on the satellite's billion-dollar cost.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/3890169.stm (486 words)

	The Seattle Times: Nation & World: Aura satellite launched on atmospheric mission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		As it orbits, Aura will continue to follow damage to the global ozone layer, which shields the planet from harmful solar radiation.
		NASA scientists hope the satellite will show that the layer is recovering now that most of the chemicals that damage it are regulated.
		Together with the two previous Earth Observing System satellites Aqua, which monitors the planet's oceans and water cycle, and Terra, which monitors the land — Aura will provide vital data on how the planet works, linking oceanographic and geologic processes to global weather patterns.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/nationworld/2001980919_aura16.html (357 words)

	Aura
		Analyses from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder reported in June of 2005 indicated that Arctic chemical ozone destruction in the winter of 2004-2005 peaked at near 50 percent in some regions of the stratosphere, the second highest level ever recorded, behind the 60 percent level estimated for the 1999-2000 winter.
		Satellite measurements of Arctic total ozone amounts by NASA's Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) in March of 2003 were among the lowest ever observed in the northern hemisphere (below, left).
		Aura was the third in a series of major Earth observing satellites to study the environment and climate change, and is part of NASA's Earth Science Enterprise.
	www.sbcapcd.org /edu/aura.htm (412 words)

	ScienceDaily: NASA's AURA Satellite Peers Into Earth's Ozone Hole
		NASA researchers, using data from the agency's AURA satellite, determined the seasonal ozone hole that developed over Antarctica this year is smaller than in previous years.
		NASA's Aura Satellite Sheds New Light On Air Quality And Ozone Hole (December 22, 2004) -- NASA scientists announced the agency's Aura spacecraft is providing the first daily, direct global measurements of low-level ozone and many other pollutants affecting air...
		Aura Spacecraft Launched To Better Understand The Air We Breathe (July 15, 2004) -- Aura, a mission dedicated to the health of Earth's atmosphere, successfully launched today at 3:01:59 a.m.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/12/051207105911.htm (1733 words)

	Aura satellite to scan Earth's atmosphere - 08 June 2004 - New Scientist
		Aura will collect its data with a resolution of about one kilometre vertically and a few tens of kilometres horizontally.
		Aura will be the first satellite to get a global picture of the troposphere - the layer of the atmosphere we actually live in, from ground level up to around 10km.
		Aura's first opportunity to launch comes at 1001 GMT on 26 June from the Goddard Space Flight Centre in California.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn5083 (436 words)

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