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	Aurangzeb - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		AURANGZEB (1618-1707), one of the greatest of the Mogul emperors of Hindustan, was the third son of Shah Jahan, and was born in November 1618.
		The second son, Shuja, governor of Bengal, a dissolute and sensual prince, was dissatisfied, and raised an army to dispute the throne with Dara.
		Aurangzeb then, by a clever stroke of policy, seized the person of his father, and threw him into confinement, in which he was kept for the remaining eight years of his life.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Aurangzeb (972 words)

	The Reign of Aurangzeb, 1658-1707
		Aurangzeb's inflammatory and discriminatory practices reached their zenith in 1679 when he re-imposed the jizya, a poll-tax on non-Muslims that had been abolished by Akbar.
		Under Aurangzeb the Mughal empire reached its greatest extent, yet the emperor's puritanical outlook and his costly wars meant that the generous support given by his predecessors to learning and the arts was almost completely withdrawn.
		Aurangzeb was, by temperament, an ascetic who avoided all forms of luxury and ostentation; he even refused to wear silk against his body.
	www.islamicart.com /library/empires/india/aurangzib.html (778 words)

	Aurangzeb - Ummah.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Mohyuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb was born on October 24, 1618 CE at Dohad in the Bombay Presidency.
		Aurangzeb was in Deccan in extreme south and Murad, the last son, had Gujerat in the west.
		Aurangzeb strongly advised them not to start a civil war because their father was still alive and improving in health.
	www.ummah.net /forum/showthread.php?t=23362 (784 words)

	ShaikhSiddiqui Aurangzeb
		Aurangzeb used vast military might to expand and consolidate the Mughal empire, at high cost.
		Aurangzeb was not the ruler to restore the dynasty's declining fortunes or glory.
		Aurangzeb was involved in a series of protracted wars: against the Pakhtuns in Afghanistan, the Sultans of Bijapur and Golkonda in the Deccan, the Marathas in Maharashtra and the Ahoms in Assam.
	www.shaikhsiddiqui.com /aurangzeb.html (492 words)

	Quintessential Orthodox - Aurangzeb by Neria Harish Hebbar, MD
		Aurangzeb occupied Delhi but he knew his position was far from being secure as far as his archenemies, namely his siblings, were alive.
		Aurangzeb proclaimed himself emperor in 1658 and confined his father to the hallways of the Agra fort.
		Aurangzeb had experienced the tactics of the elusive Shivaji when he served as the governor of Deccan from 1652 to 1658.
	www.boloji.com /history/014.htm (1641 words)

	part2_15
		Aurangzeb has often been accused of closing the doors of official employment on the Hindus, but a study of the list of his officers shows this is not so.
		Aurangzeb's misfortune was that he began to rule when two generations of unparalleled prosperity had sapped the moral fiber of the Mughal aristocracy.
		Aurangzeb sternly rebuked him, and asked his wazir to write to the noble that if the heirs of the slain refused to accept the blood-money permitted by law he would have to pass an order of retaliation against him.
	www.columbia.edu /itc/mealac/pritchett/00islamlinks/ikram/part2_15.html (6727 words)

	Manas: History and Politics, Aurangzeb
		Aurangzeb's mobile army consisted of some 500,000 camp followers, 50,000 camels, and 30,000 war elephants; and when this gargantuan force moved, bands of Maratha guerrillas would strike the rear, attacking the stragglers and fleeing with booty.
		Aurangzeb's harsh treatment of Hindus, and the reversal of the liberal religious policies of his predecessors, particularly Akbar, have been cited as principal reasons for the disintegration of his empire.
		Shortly after the death of Aurangzeb, the Mughal Empire ceased to be an effective force in the political life of India, but it was not until 1857-58, when the Indian Rebellion was crushed and the Emperor Bahadur Shah was put on trial for sedition and treason, that the Mughal Empire was formally rendered extinct.
	www.sscnet.ucla.edu /southasia/History/Mughals/Aurang.html (862 words)

	Emperor Aurangzeb
		In 1657, Dara Shikoh was 43, Shah Shuja 41, Aurangzeb 39 and Murad 33.
		Aurangzeb was with doubt the ablest of Shah Jahan's sons and a clear favorite for the throne.
		Aurangzeb in fact tried to stop it and did a good band-aid job for a little while, but then things just went haywire with his persistent Deccan devil.
	www.indhistory.com /aurangzeb-coronation.html (1577 words)

	Aurangzeb - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Aurangzeb (borrowed from early Persian, اورنگ‌زیب Awrang "throne" and Zayb "beauty, ornament"),(November 3, 1618 – March 3, 1707, also known as Alamgir I, was the ruler of the Mughal Empire from 1658 until 1707.
		Aurangzeb's successors lacked his strong hand in suppressing high levels of Mughal opposition, and the Hindu Maratha Empire mostly replaced Mughal rule during the rest of the 18th century.
		In 1652, Aurangzeb was appointed governor of the Deccan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aurangzeb (5554 words)

	Aurangzeb
		Although the Mughal empire reached its greatest extent under Aurangzeb, it was also fatally weakened by revolts of the Sikhs, Rajputs, and Jats in the north and the rebellion of the Marathas in the Deccan.
		From 1682, Aurangzeb concentrated all his energies on crushing the Marathas, but his costly campaigns were only temporarily successful and further weakened his authority in the north.
		Aurangzeb was a conqueror from the start, having deposed his father Shah Jehan and mercilessly executed his brother, Crown Prince Dara Shukoh.
	www.afghanchamberofcommerce.com /history/aurangzeb.htm (493 words)

	The Mughals: The Three Great Emperors
		While Aurangzeb is the last great conqueror of Mughal history, both Muslim and Western historians agree that the Empire had grown too large for Mughal administration.
		Aurangzeb was driven by an intense Muslim piety.
		Aurangzeb outlawed the Hindu practice of suttee in which widows voluntarily killed themselves by throwing themselves on the funeral pyre of their husbands.
	www.wsu.edu:8001 /~dee/MUGHAL/THREE.HTM (1119 words)

	Aurangzeb Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Aurangzeb (1618-1707) was the sixth Mogul emperor of India and the last of the "Great Moguls." He extended the Mogul Empire to its farthest boundaries, but his reign was harsh and marked by revolts.
		Mohi-ud-din Mohammed Aurangzeb was born on Oct. 24, 1618, at Dohad and was the third son of Emperor Shah Jahan.
		Aurangzeb believed in territorial expansion and Moslem orthodoxy; Dara stood for imperial consolidation and a secular empire.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/aurangzeb (459 words)

	Aurangzeb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Aurangzeb, born Oct. 24, 1618, died on Feb. 20, 1707, was the sixth MOGUL emperor of India and the last to wield effective power.
		He was sent to subdue Golconda (1656) and Bijapur (1657), but he returned in 1658 and seized the throne from his sick father, whom he held prisoner at Agra until his death.
		Although Aurangzeb brought the Mogul empire to its greatest extent, his wars depleted his treasury, and his long absences in the south led to a weakening of Mogul control in the north.
	members.tripod.com /Levites/aurang.htm (215 words)

	Aurangzeb (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab-1.cs.princeton.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Aurangzeb Aurangzeb (from Persian, &1575;&1608;&1585;&1606;&1711;&8204;&1586;&1740;&1576; meaning "suitable for the throne") was the third son of the previous emperor Shah Jahan.
		Aurangzeb is said to have become fascinated with conservative interpretations of the Qur'an, which he set about codifying.
		Aurangzeb also tried to invade Maharashtra which was then under the leadership of king Shivaji.
	aurangzeb.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (1142 words)

	Today in Sikh History :8th June :Gateway to Sikhism
		Aurangzeb sought his brother's help in his mission and promised to grant him the Delhi throne and leave for Mecca.
		Aurangzeb reestablished and reinstituted all restrictive orders and taxed that were abolished by Akbar.
		Aurangzeb died after a rule of 50 yrs at the age of 90 yrs and 17 days, at AhmadNagar in South India, on Feb. 21, 1707.
	allaboutsikhs.com /history/his0608.htm (1257 words)

	7. Why did Aurangzeb demolish the Kashi Vishvanath temple? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		It carries anecdote titles like: “Aurangzeb preaches humility to an officer”, “ability the only qualification for office”, or (about a case where a governor had ordered an execution of a man without the required proof of his guilt) “trials to be held strictly according to Quranic law”.
		Aurangzeb was a good man and a good Muslim, and his oppression of Hindus was not due to an evil personal trait but to his commitment to Islam.
		Aurangzeb ordered that as the sacred precincts have been despoiled, Lord Vishvanath may be moved to some other place, the temple be razed to the ground and the Mahant be arrested and punished.”
	voi.org /books/acat/ch7.htm (2172 words)

	Aurangzeb
		Aurangzeb- "On his deathbed he acknowledged his mistakes and asked his successors to seek inspiration from the liberal policies of his predecessors, and not from his"
		Later imprisoned by Aurangzeb – died after 16 years of imprisonment at the age of 37.
		Eldest daughter Zeb-un-nissa, a poet and literary patron, spent the last 21 yrs of her life in Salimgarh, an island prison, for corresponding with her brother Akbar.
	www.the-south-asian.com /Dec2000/Aurangzeb.htm (439 words)

	The Mughals: Aurangzeb
		By most accounts, Aurangzeb was a warrior with an axe to grind.
		Much less tolerant of other religions than his great-grandfather Akbar, Aurangzeb spent much of his time making enemies with the Hindus of northern India.
		The vastness of the empire strained its army, its bureaucracy, and its economy, and when Aurangzeb died in 1707, the empire was near the point of implosion.
	www.edwebproject.org /india/aurangzeb.html (316 words)

	Why did Aurangzeb destroy Hindu temples? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Many historians today contend that "Aurangzeb did not indiscriminately destroy Hindu temples, as he is commonly believed to have done, and that he directed the destruction of temples only when faced with insurgency.
		This was almost certainly the case with the Keshava Rai temple in the Mathura region, where the Jats rose in rebellion; and yet even this policy of reprisal may have been modified, as Hindu temples in the Deccan were seldom destroyed.
		And for that matter Aurangzeb was not unique in destroying the temples of the infidels and neither was it limited to India.
	www.kashmirherald.com /featuredarticle/aurangzeb.html (916 words)

	Aurangzeb
		Aurangzeb was the ruler of the Mughal Empire from 1658 until 1707.
		The Mughal Empire reached its largest geographical size under his rule.
		However, this is seen by many to be a Pyrrhic victory: the empire could not hold together from the strain of constant military campaigns, and after the death of Aurangzeb, the Mughal Empire entered a long decline.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/au/Aurangzeb.html (87 words)

	'Aurangzeb's ban on music a major event'- The Times of India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		She said historians feel that the collapse of the Mughal empire after Aurangzeb was partly because of his ban on music.
		Brown said Aurangzeb had pushed the frontiers of the Mughal empire to its greatest extent during his rule, but it faced a crisis immediately after his reign.
		Between 1707 and 1719, a string of weak emperors, wars of succession and coups caused irrevocable weakening of the Mughal power, she observed, adding that Aurangzebâs orthodox Islamic politico-religious ideology was to be blamed for the collapse of the Mughal empire.
	timesofindia.indiatimes.com /articleshow/929628.cms (283 words)

	Aurangzeb Biography \| ema_01_package.xml
		Aurangzeb was an unscrupulous seventeenth-century Indian prince who, as the third son of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (1592–1666), came to power by imprisoning his father and defeating and killing his brothers—including the heir apparent, Dara Shikoh.
		A portrait of Aurangzeb by Pierre Duflos in 1780.
		He reimposed the jaziya, or poll tax, on non-Muslims, enforced a strict orthodox Muslim political culture, sanctioned the destruction of Hindu and Sikh religious shrines and the erection of mosques instead, removed Hindus from key administrative posts, and alienated substantial segments of the population.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/aurangzeb-ema-01 (248 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Aurangzeb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Aurangzeb AURANGZEB [Aurangzeb] or Aurangzib, 1618-1707, Mughal emperor of India (1658-1707), son and successor of Shah Jahan.
		He served (1636-44, 1653-58) as viceroy of the Deccan but was constantly at odds with his father and his eldest brother, Dara Shikoh, the heir apparent.
		It was the capital (c.1364-1512) of the Bahmani kingdom, but after 1512 it became the capital of the Muslim sultanate of Golconda.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/00903.html (518 words)

	Why did Aurangzeb Demolish the Kashi Vishvanath? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		It appears that a nexus between the sufi rebels and the pandits of the temple existed and it was primarily to smash this nexus that Aurangzeb ordered action against the temple.” The eminent historian quotes no source for this strange allegation.
		And this is the only temple he is believed to have destroyed.” This story is now repeated ad nauseam, not only in the extremist Muslim press and in the secularist press but also in academic platforms by “eminent historians”.
		This is the “document” on which secularist journalists and historians base their “evidence” of Aurangzeb’s fair and secularist disposition, overruling the evidence of archaeology and the cold print of the Maasiri Alamgiri, to “explode the myth” of Islamic iconoclasm spread by the “chauvinist” Hindutva propagandists.
	koenraadelst.bharatvani.org /articles/ayodhya/kashivishvanath.html (1567 words)

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