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Topic: Aures, Algeria

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	ALGERIA - LoveToKnow Article on ALGERIA
		Algeria is also traversed by a network of roads constructed by the French, of which the routes nationales alone are 2000 m.
		Algeria was considered as a kind of great military fief, and the officers who ruled there commonly took the side of the native chieftains against the civil population.
		Profoundly troubled as Algeria was in the last years of the igth century by the anti-Semitic agitation, which occasioned frequent changes of governors, it appears to-day to have turned aside from sterile political struggles to interest itself exclusively in the economic development of the country.
	2.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AL/ALGERIA.htm (13110 words)

	Geography of Algeria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Algeria comprises 2,381,741 square kilometers of land, more than four-fifths of which is desert, in northern Africa, between Morocco and Tunisia.
		Near the northern coast, the Petite Kabylie Mountains are separated from the Grande Kabylie range at the eastward limits of the Tell by the Soummam River.
		Prevailing winds that are easterly and northeasterly in summer change to westerly and northerly in winter and carry with them a general increase in precipitation from September to December, a decrease in the late winter and spring months, and a near absence of rainfall during the summer months.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Geography_of_Algeria (1822 words)

	Algeria
		Algeria was part of the Kingdom of Numidia.
		At this stage Algeria became a political entity known as the "Algerian Ottman Empire".
		Algeria was officially declared independent in July 5th, 1962.
	www.geocities.com /algeriaza/Algeria.html (650 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Algeria's land reform which distributed land to some of the landless had an equalizing effect (Chapter VI for discussion of land tenure).
		For 1961/65: Algeria (65/67) Statistiques Agricoles; Ministry of Agriculture; Morocco Ministry of Agriculture.
		In Algeria, t:he percentage was 21% in the early 1970s and 19% in 1980.
	www-wds.worldbank.org /servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2002/07/09/000178830_98101903414611/Rendered/INDEX/multi0page.txt (17923 words)

	Algerian War Reading
		On December 27, 1956, Amedee Froger, president of the federation of mayors of Algeria and a virulent spokesman for the minor colons, was mur- dered in Algiers.
		In Algeria the army remained the sole authority; the "defense committees of French Algeria" and the veterans called for a mass demonstration on May 13 as a tribute to the executed soldiers, and to force a change of government in France.
		Camus, who "ached for Algeria," reasserted his solidarity with the Algerian people as a whole in the columns of L 'express, a newspaper with which he had become affiliated in order to be able to support Pierre Mendes-France, the only man, in his view, capable of solving the crisis while avoiding the worst outcome.
	www.usfca.edu /fac_staff/webberm/algeria.htm (19414 words)

	El Tarik :: Jews and Christians in Algeria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Algeria has only one form of religion that may be called "native." That is paganism.
		The Jewish presence in Algeria was to outlast that of the Christian presence, in terms of native practioners, for many years.
		Many other early church leaders hailed from Algeria and other parts of North Africa as well, but on the whole the influence of Christianity on the native population was never as strong as Islam would be or even Judaism.
	eltarik.blog.com /655378 (3028 words)

	Geography of Algeria: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Western sahara (eh in iso 3166-1) is a territory of northwestern africa, bordering morocco on the north, algeria on the northeast, mauritania to...
		The aurès mountains also known as the saharan atlas of algeria is the eastern portion of the atlas mountains....
		Tlemcen is a town in northwestern algeria, and the seat of government for the wilaya of the same name....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /enc2/geography_of_algeria (2820 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		For example in the first film, the protagonist explains to a shepherd in clearly didactic tones that education is fundamental for her emancipation and for national development.
		In Cheb by Bouchareb (Cheb, Algeria, 1990) and Keswa, al-haitu al-da'i by Bornaz (Keswa, the Lost Thread, Tunisia, 1998), the problematic confrontation between the culture of origin and that of the country of immigration is treated differently.
		The psychological and physical violence that blocks and forms an obstacle to women's progress in the society of the Maghreb is often generated by strictly political reasons or by claustrophobic patriarchal family structures: this is the theme of films such as Touchia by Benhadj (Touchia, Algeria, 1992) and Al-qal'a by Chouikh (The Citadel, Algeria, 1988).
	www.library.cornell.edu /colldev/mideast/cinmwmn.htm (1593 words)

	Algeria Independence France 1954-1962
		Although successful in engendering an atmosphere of fear and uncertainty within both communities in Algeria, the revolutionaries' coercive tactics suggested that they had not as yet inspired the bulk of the Muslim people to revolt against French colonial rule.
		De Gaulle's political initiatives threatened the FLN with the prospect of losing the support of the growing numbers of Muslims who were tired of the war and had never been more than lukewarm in their commitment to a totally independent Algeria.
		In 1958-59 the French army had won military control in Algeria and was the closest it would be to victory.
	www.onwar.com /aced/data/alpha/algeria1954.htm (1545 words)

	French Colonies - Algeria
		Algeria, in northwest Africa, is part of the region known as the Maghrib.
		The continent's second-largest nation (after Sudan), Algeria borders Tunisia, Libya, Niger, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, and Western Sahara and stretches from its 1,104-km (686-mi) coastline on the Mediterranean Sea south through a varied topography to the vast desert region of the Sahara (see map).
		Berber dialects are used by the Kabyle east of Algiers, the Shawia of the Aurès Mountains, the M'zabis (Mozabites) centered in the oasis city of Ghardaïa (see M'Zab Valley), and the Tuareg in the deep Sahara.
	www.discoverfrance.net /Colonies/Algeria.shtml (1109 words)

	AllRefer.com - Algeria - Conduct of the War \| Algerian Information Resource
		The 1957 general strike, timed to coincide with the UN debate on Algeria, was imposed on Muslim workers and businesses.
		But the FLN had succeeded in showing its ability to strike at the heart of French Algeria and in rallying a mass response to its appeals among urban Muslims.
		Despite complaints from the military command in Algiers, the French government was reluctant for many months to admit that the Algerian situation was out of control and that what was viewed officially as a pacification operation had developed into a major colonial war.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/algeria/algeria39.html (1326 words)

	Algerian War, 1954 - 1962
		It left Algeria and France deeply scarred, and the French Army at the breaking point: it destroyed the Fourth Republic and hundreds of thousands of lives and careers, and it brought the French military to the verge of coup d’etat.
		Nevertheless, Algeria was not even a French protectorate: in 1848 it was outright absorbed into metropolitan France, and thereafter regarded as an integral part of the parent state.
		The French fought the rural war in Algeria in the context of a system of “quadrillage”, where cities, towns and villages were protected by a static defence force in an attempt to deny support to the rebels.
	www.acig.org /artman/publish/printer_354.shtml (14130 words)

	Ethnologue report for Algeria
		South and southeast of Grand Kabylie in the Aurès Mountains.
		[tzm] Western Algeria mountain area of Atlas and adjacent valleys to Taza, in the vicinity of Rabat, south near the Moroccan border.
		Tidikelt, in the vicinity of Salah, and Tit in southern Algeria.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_country.asp?name=Algeria (401 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Africa \| Dozens killed in Algeria attacks
		In another attack blamed on militants 13 members of two families were killed in a village near the capital Algiers, the reports said.
		As is common in Algeria, news of the attacks first appeared in the morning papers and without any direct official confirmation.
		But the attack on the military appears to be the worst since President Abdelaziz Bouteflika came to power in 1999, pledging to end the country's decade-old civil war.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/africa/2628741.stm (401 words)

	WAAC's News Updates: 6-07-01 p.m. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The people carried fl banners with the words "Tamazight, national and official language"; "Algeria, democratic and free"; and "No to muzzling the press." Throughout the march, they shouted hostile slogans against the pouvoir, referring to them as assassins.
		This is a taboo that has been maintained by the self-proclaimed, pseudo-representatives of the Aures.
		All in all, the same issues that were raised in Tizi Ouzou and Bejaia (Kabylia) were raised by the Auresian marchers.
	www.waac.info /amazigh/news/2001/6-07-01b.html (204 words)

	YWAM Sahara - Shawiya Berbers
		The major hub of the Shawiya is in the Aures mountain area of north-eastern Algeria.
		The Timgad area in the Aures region was one of the most important villages of the Donatists in the fourth century.
		All that remained was the relics of the Roman Christian communities in the ruins found in the Aures region.
	www.gosahara.org /shawiya.html (1896 words)

	Timgad Voyages : Algeria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		By its geographical situation, Algeria is the crossroads of several civilizations.
		With this cultural richness, a diversity in the landscapes and climates is added (sea: 1 200 km of coast, mountain, rich desert: 80% of the country, natural reserves...) which make Algeria an immense ground of predilection for true tourism.
		This ground, which is still virgin, offers to the visitors all the conveniences of stays and circuits under a blue sky all the year.
	www.timgad-voyages.com /EN/ALGERIE/AlgeriePresentation.htm (87 words)

	Israel Studies--Israel and Algeria amid French Colonialism and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1954–1978
		Algeria would be granted independence provided that a referendum, to be held in Algeria by a provisional government, confirmed the desire for it.
		The PFLP chose Algeria because she had rejected UN Resolution 242, displayed pro-Palestinian solidarity, and was geographically remote from the Arab-Israeli arena, hence less vulnerable to Israeli military operations.
		Algeria ignored external pressure and was not intimidated by accusations describing her as "an accessory to a crime," "a partner to piracy in the eyes of the world," or a "Barbary state."
	iupjournals.org /israel/iss6-2.html (10299 words)

	North Africa GeoNet
		Sedimentology and chemostratigraphy of the Cambro-Ordovician of the Saharan Platform (Algeria) and sedimentology, magnetostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy of Triassic (Algeria) by Nordine Sabaou.
		Geology of the petroleum provinces in Algeria (Ministere de l'Energie et des Mines).
		Geological bibliography of Algeria: a recent bibliography of papers related to the geology of Algeria, including links to abstracts of more recent papers.
	www.northafrica.de /algeria.htm (534 words)

	ZoomInfo Web Summary: Mohamed Abbas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The war confers on the Algeria regime its legitimacy.
		This legitimacy, and the entitlements it brings with it, is passed on from the veterans who actually fought to their sons.
		As such the mujahidin are an extremely influential force in Algeria and Mohamed Cherif Abbas is both general secretary of the National Organisation of Moujahidin (ONM) and of the Ministry of Moujahidin.
	www.zoominfo.com /directory/Abbas_Mohamed_312018105.htm (955 words)

	The Amazigh Voice, December 1995 - March 1996
		Used in Algeria (Chenoua, Ahaggar), Egypt (Siwa), and Libya (Ghat and Ghadames).
		The examination of the above word-list leads us to conclude that, in Tamazight, the word ``forehead'' derives from a triconsonantal root that contains a combination of the sounds ``n,'' ``y,'' and ``r'' which, although their positions appear to be unstable, are consistently present in about 42% of the cases listed here.
		(2) Tamzabt and Taggergrent are the idioms spoken in the Mzab and Wargla regions (south of Algeria).
	www.ee.umd.edu /~sellami/DEC95/language.html (866 words)

	Adventures of Algeria: Timgad
		Timgad was constructed as a bastion against the Berbers in the Aurès Mountains, by emperor Trajan in AD 100.
		The city was built after the best Roman plans, with shops, taverns and craftsmen selling from own stalls, as well as a forum almost in the centre, and a theatre just south of this.
		OK eating, but settle for sleeping in Batna, 35 km from Timgad (when you go here, you come to Batna first, so that should be easy).
	lexicorient.com /algeria/timgad.htm (196 words)

	7. REGIONAL UPDATE FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN by M. Bariteau[8]
		The Aurès massif has a concentration of real treasures in terms of biodiversity, with species of international interest, such as Atlas Cedar.
		This is partly the situation in Algeria, where it is even more urgent to apply forest management to very mature stands without regeneration.
		In Aurès, in Algeria, overgrazing by cattle and goats considerably limits natural regeneration of cedar stands, which decline for no clear reason.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/005/AC646E/ac646e09.htm (5076 words)

	WAAC's News Updates: 5-10-01 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Amazigh cultural associations, students, and high school students of the AURES The Amazigh cultural associations of the wilaya of Batna has called on the population of the Aures to take part in the demonstration initiated by the MCB.
		They focused on the dramatic events of the past two weeks in Algeria.
		The medical group offered their sympathies to the families of the victims, hoping for a speedy recovery of the wounded, then denounced the actions that resulted in this tragedy, demanding that the guilty be punished.
	www.waac.info /amazigh/news/2001/5-10-01.html (962 words)

	Gulfnews: 'I don't like to restrict myself'
		This modern ballet piece originated from me. It was first performed in 1995 and has now become part of the national opera's repertoire.
		She's famous for interpreting the mediaeval songs of the Aures mountains in France.
		I was very proud when for the first time I was responsible for bringing Algeria into the repertoire of ballet dancing.
	archive.gulfnews.com /articles/02/11/05/67695.html (1128 words)

	Monday 16th July 2001 {Moh Alileche/ Markunda Aures} - The Planet - 16/07/2001
		MARKUNDA AURES has a stage-surname which tells us she comes from another mountainous part of Algeria (it's no coincidence that such places are where the indigenous cultures and languages have not been altogether swamped).
		Aures (there should be a grave accent atop the "e") is home to the Shawi.
		"Markunda Aures" is both a travelling troubadour and a Paris-based psychologist.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/music/planet/stories/s324174.htm (868 words)

	Algeria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In a mountainous site of extraordinary beauty, the ruins of the first capital of the Hammadid emirs, founded in 1007 and demolished in 1152, provide an authentic picture of a fortified Muslim city.
		The mosque, whose prayer room has 13 aisles with eight bays, is one of the largest in Algeria.
		Timgad lies on the northern slopes of the Aurès mountains and was created ex nihilo as a military colony by the Emperor Trajan in A.D. With its square enclosure and orthogonal design based on the cardo and decumanus, the two perpendicular routes running through the city, it is an excellent example of Roman town planning.
	www.twobeds.com /nasa/herrminator/html/Algeria.html (450 words)

	theanimal8
		Once more it is among the Amazigh children of the Chaouia in the Aurès (North Algeria) that these toy-animals coming from outside the Sahara have been collected.
		Among the sedentary Chaouia of the Aurès in northern Algeria the boys are playing with mules and horses whose front legs and rear legs are united into one trunk each.
		The little mare, with its horizontal head and neck, has been cut by a child from a piece of wood and shows a bidimensional shape The front and the rear legs of these toy-horses are united into one trunk (fig.
	filarkiv.sitrec.kth.se /pub2003/animal2003/theanimal8.htm (4891 words)

	Amel Tafsout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Born in Algeria, AMEL TAFSOUT (means "Hopes of Spring") is an accomplished well respected international dancer and choreographer of North African MAGHREB DANCE, a story teller, a singer, a language instructor and a dance anthropologist.
		Fascinated by dance since childhood, Amel is versed in dances both new and old from her native Algeria as well as a multitude of ethnic/tribal/folk dances from neighboring countries.
		Firstly among Imazighan (Berber) people in the mountains such as Djurdura, Ahaggar and the Aures in Algeria, the Rif and the Atlas in Morocco as well in the South such as Matmata in Tunisia, in Libya and Mauritania; and lastly in the Northern cities where highly sophisticated Andalusian 'Moorish' dances are to find.
	www.ameltafsout.com /dance_life.html (1449 words)

	Arab music: genres
		In the 1970s, with his group Usman, he was the first one to modernise Berber song - without removing its soul.
		There are also excerpts from the latest CD by Markunda Aures (Algeria), who is noted for her exceptional voice.
		It came originally from Algeria, where it was banned on the radio until 1985.
	www.al-bab.com /arab/music/genres.htm (1223 words)

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