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Topic: Aures Mountains

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	ALGERIA - LoveToKnow Article on ALGERIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		East of Philippeville the mountains recede from the coast, and the rampart of hills reappears.
		The chief ranges are Ksur and Amur in the west and the Aures in the east.
		On the mountains and the high plateaus the winter is often very severe; snow lies for six months on the higher peaks of the Kabyle mountains.
	2.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AL/ALGERIA.htm (13110 words)

	THE BERBERS OF NORTH AFRICA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The culturally distinct Berber communities of today survive in pockets in the mountains and in the Sahara desert, scattered over a large area from the Siwa Oasis in Egypt to the Atlantic and from the Niger river and the Sahel in the south to the Mediterranean.
		Their fortified villages are often located high on the mountain ridges and are composed of houses, a mosque, a fortified threshing floor (kasbah) and a gathering place for the assembly of elders (Jama'ah) which controls village life.
		The Kabyle live in a mountainous coastal region in northern Algeria known as Kabylia, that stretches from the Mediterranean Sea to the southern slopes of the Grand Kabylie Mountains.
	www.angelfire.com /az/rescon/mgcberbr.html (7170 words)

	Aurès Mountains - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Aurès Mountains also known as the Saharan Atlas of Algeria is the eastern portion of the Atlas Mountains.
		The mountains see some rainfall and are better suited to agriculture than the plateau region to the north.
		The mountains have also long been home to exiles expelled from the fertile coastal regions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aures_Mountains (137 words)

	Abu Yazid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		When the Fatimid "Mahdi" died in 944, he launched a rebellion in the Aures mountains and declared himself Shaykh al-Mu'minîn (Elder of the Believers), seeking aid from the Umayyads of Andalus.
		Early in his rebellion Abu Yazid was given a gray donkey which he used to ride, for which he received his nickname "Owner of the Donkey"; he is said to have habitually worn a short woolen jubba cloak.
		In 947, the Fatimids finally defeated them in the mountains of Kiyana, near what would later become Qalaat Beni Hammad.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abu_Yazid (411 words)

	TUNISIA (Regency of Tunis) - Online Information article about TUNISIA (Regency of Tunis)
		surface the valley and the mountains of Gafsa.
		Fairly high mountains (in places verging of the Jerid and Gafsa, of El Hamma, near Gabes, and of various on 4000 ft.) are found between Gafsa and the salt lakes of the I sites in the Kroumir country.
		The pardine lynx is found fairly abundantly in the west of Tunisia in the mountains and forest.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /TUM_VAN/TUNISIA_Regency_of_Tunis_.html (4959 words)

	Beni Farah (Ain Zaatout) - Geography
		Beni Farah village is perched on the slopes of the Aures mountains in the northeast of Algeria at the latitude of 35
		Beni Farah is rugged and mountainous in the north, with expanses of semi-desert in the south.
		For the latter the houses are built on the slopes of a mountain chain that runs from north to south and contains the hills of Albassan, Almaqberth Nattalba, Lamsala and Thaqarbousth.
	www.geocities.com /beni_farah/geography.html (1393 words)

	AuReS (Real-Estate-Income Specialized Automata - MoDe (Mountains of Obsolescence) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		AuReS (Real-estate-income Specialized Automaton) has been designed to simulate the change in different types of urban values (building values, real estate values, obsolescence values, etc.), arranged in bidimensional space scenarios and subject to the effect of value transition rules.
		AuReS is based on the theory of cellular automata, i.e., the assumption that the complexities in the evolution of a system as a whole may be generated through the assembly of a large number of simple variations at a local level.
		In basics, an AuReS Automaton is defined by a scenario (consisting of a set of cells with a specific shape and state) and by a set of rules (which explain the variation of the cells in relation to certain conditions).
	brezza.iuav.it /daest/pubblicazioni/stratema/dueing.html (995 words)

	Search Results for Aures - Encyclopædia Britannica
		mountains, part of the Saharan Atlas in northeastern Algeria, northern Africa, fronted by rugged cliffs in the north and opening out in the south into the two parallel fertile valleys of the wadies...
		The principal ranges from west to east are the Ksour, Amour, Ouled-Naïl, Zab, Aurès, and Tébessa...
		It lies along the Wadi Tilatou and is situated on a well-watered plain that is bounded on the south by the Aurès Massif and on the north by the Batna Mountains.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=Aures&submit=Find&source=MWTAB (315 words)

	Unasylva - No. 172 - Forest worker safety - Thuriferous juniper stands in Morocco: Research and conservation for an ...
		In Algeria the tree is strictly limited to the Aurès Mountains (Djbel Chélia, 2300 m) with a number of scattered and often very large specimens in the cedar plantations, which are probably the remnants of more extensive stands.
		Although there are methodological problems, particularly in using satellite imagery for mountainous areas with a limited plant cover, work undertaken in comparable areas in of structure (Lacaze and Joffre, 1990) and satellite imagery experience in the Pyrenees indicates that this approach is feasible.
		A dendrological study of thuriferous juniper forests is needed to identify the climatic fluctuations in the high Moroccan mountain area and to help determine the age of current stands for which available data are incomplete and approximate.
	www.fao.org /docrep/u8520e/u8520e0a.htm (3420 words)

	TIMGAD - LoveToKnow Article on TIMGAD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Timgad, the Thamugas of the Romans, was built on the lower slopes of the northern side of the Aures Mountains, and was situated at the intersection of six roads.
		It was traversed by two main streets, the Cardo Maximus running north and south, and the Decumanus Maximus east and west.
		It is believed that the Berbers from the neighboring mountains destroyed the city, hoping thus to prevent it being used as a stronghold from which to harry them.
	27.1911encyclopedia.org /T/TI/TIMGAD.htm (933 words)

	Geography of Algeria - The Tell, High Plateaus, Sahara, Climate, and Terrain
		Made up of hills and plains of the narrow coastal region, the several Tell Atlas mountain ranges, and the intermediate valleys and basins, the Tell extends eastward from the Moroccan border to the mountains of the Grande Kabylie and the Bejaïa Plain on the east.
		Near the northern coast, the Petite Kabylie Mountains are separated from the Grande Kabylie range at the eastward limits of the Tell by the Soummam River.
		The coast is predominantly mountainous in the far eastern part of the country, but limited plains provide hinterlands for the port cities of Bejaïa, Skikda, and Annaba.
	worldfacts.us /Algeria-geography.htm (1422 words)

	Workman: Algerian Memories
		But the sensible man leaves his carriage at the house where the road ceases, and ascends the mountain on foot for at least two hours, which must be done in order to see the trees in their full growth and glory.
		It increased rapidly in wealth and population, was embellished with magnificent forum, temples, theatre, baths and other buildings, and received the name of "Splendissima Civitas." From the reign of Trajan to that of Constantine, it enjoyed great prosperity, and became the centre of a large district covered with flourishing towns and farms.
		This action, together with the discovery of a long, dangerous-looking knife at his girdle, and the recollection of the evil reputation enjoyed by the nomads of the Aures, made it evident that further trifling was useless.
	erc.lib.umn.edu /dynaweb/travel/workalge/@Generic__BookTextView/2111 (2256 words)

	The Amazigh Voice, June 1996
		She was also known as Kahena the veiled queen of Jerawa (a tribe of the Aures Mountains), and was called the most famous and savage of the feminine enemies of Islam in North Africa.
		In the same Aures Mountains that spawned Kahena (north-east of the Ouled Nail, home of the Nailiyat, who will be discussed at length later), some girls of the Azriya tribe enjoyed ample sexual freedom, their inaccessible location protecting them from officials, tourists and the fame (or infamy, to patriarchal prudes), of their Ouled Nail sisters.
		An Aures Mountain woman shares equally the hard labor of ploughing, sowing, harvesting, grinding and shepherding with the men.
	www.ee.umd.edu /~sellami/JUNE96/kahena.html (2910 words)

	French Colonies - Algeria
		In the east the plateau merges with the Aurès Mountains, which include Mount Chélia (2,331 m/7,648 ft), the highest peak in northern Algeria.
		In the ranges and plateaus of the Atlas Mountains, mean temperatures range from 4° C (39° F) to 28° C (82° F).
		Berber dialects are used by the Kabyle east of Algiers, the Shawia of the Aurès Mountains, the M'zabis (Mozabites) centered in the oasis city of Ghardaïa (see M'Zab Valley), and the Tuareg in the deep Sahara.
	www.discoverfrance.net /Colonies/Algeria.shtml (1109 words)

	AllRefer.com - Algeria - Ethnic Groups And Languages - The Peoples \| Algerian Information Resource
		The major Berber groups are the Kabyles of the Kabylie Mountains east of Algiers and the Chaouia of the Aurès range south of Constantine.
		The majority of Berber mountain peasants hold their land as mulk, or private property, in contrast to those of the valleys and oases where the tribe retains certain rights over land controlled by its members.
		Perhaps half as numerous as the Kabyles and less densely settled, the Chaouia have occupied the rugged Aurès Mountains of eastern Algeria since their retreat to that region from Tunisia during the Arab invasions of the Middle Ages.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/algeria/algeria59.html (1610 words)

	Africa travel information on-line with traveleye (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		You should try to see The Museum of Popular Arts and Traditions (no English tags or English speaking guides) and the Martyr's Monuments which is supposed to recognize the 20th anniversary of Algeria's independence but can be accused of being a monument for what monstrosities can be made with concrete.
		Batna - A little town in the heart of the Aures Mountains which can be used as a base for touring the area.
		About 50 miles away is Assekrem with its mountains which reward the early riser with an unforgettable experience - which is never rained out.
	www.traveleye.com /africa/northern/algeria/thingstodo.shtml (387 words)

	Berberism: An Historical Travesty in..., by Aicha Lemsine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Therefore, when the Arab Muslim conquerors swept across North Africa in the seventh century, it was not the "war between Arabs and Berbers" described in French colonial literature, but rather a strategic operation by the young Muslim empire to dislodge the remnants of Byzantine military power from the Mediterranean shores.
		Following the death in battle of Kosseyla, leadership of the Aures Berbers passed to the Kahina, a title meaning "priestess" or "prophetess," who sought revenge and fought skillfully against the Muslims.
		For the Shawia Berbers of the Aures mountains—of which I am one, having been born in the very fiefdom of the Kahina—there is no disruption of identity.
	www.wrmea.com /Washington-Report_org/www/backissues/0195/9501031.htm (2122 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Africa \| Dozens killed in Algeria attacks
		In another attack blamed on militants 13 members of two families were killed in a village near the capital Algiers, the reports said.
		Islamist militants are usually blamed for such attacks, but as ever in the murky civil war, identities and motives remain blurred.
		In recent weeks the military have been active in the Aures mountains, fighting an armed group that has been setting up roadblocks for extortion purposes.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/middle_east/2628741.stm (401 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Kahina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		According to legend, l-Kahna was the daughter of Tabat, a chieftain of the Jrâwa tribe from the Aurès Mountains.
		During this period, many Jews had sought refuge from Byzantine persecution in the Aurès region, bringing their religion to the local Berber tribes.
		Realizing that the enemy was too powerful, she embarked on a scorched-earth campaign, which had little impact on the mountain and desert tribes but lost her the crucial support of the sedentary oasis-dwellers.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Kahina (667 words)

	Adventures of Algeria: Timgad
		Timgad was constructed as a bastion against the Berbers in the Aurès Mountains, by emperor Trajan in AD 100.
		The city was built after the best Roman plans, with shops, taverns and craftsmen selling from own stalls, as well as a forum almost in the centre, and a theatre just south of this.
		OK eating, but settle for sleeping in Batna, 35 km from Timgad (when you go here, you come to Batna first, so that should be easy).
	lexicorient.com /algeria/timgad.htm (196 words)

	To The Garden Of Allah
		It is so called due to a narrow cleft in the Aures Mountains, which here appear like a great rock wall through which the caravan route of centuries of travel has passed on its way into the mysterious desert to the south.
		As we journied on, here and there were observed small patches of Arab tents on the desolate desert, their only habitation, derelicts on the yellow sea of parched soil, as though fate had decreed that these nomads should ever keep moving, drifting, as the desert sands.
		The mountains to the north curved southward into the view to the west and north-west of Biskra, and these were sharply defined, a dark bulk against the golden sky, a shadow-land for the houri.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles36/allah-5.shtml (3434 words)

	ummahnews.com \|\| Original Accurate News for the Ummah (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Late Saturday, suspected rebels ambushed and bombed a military and civil defense convoy in the Aures mountain range, 430 kilometers southeast of Algiers, the daily Le Matin reported Sunday.
		It may take some days for full details of the attacks to emerge, but this is apparently one of three attacks Saturday in which the guerillas' choice of weapons consisted of petrol bombs which they threw down onto military convoys as they passed through villages.
		In recent weeks, the Algerian military, accused by Islamic parties of using unnecessary excessive force most of the time, has been active in the Aures mountains, fighting an armed group that has been setting up roadblocks for extortion purposes.
	www.ummahnews.com /viewarticle.php?sid=878 (409 words)

	Protected Areas Programme - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The park includes a series of mountain chains (from Djebel Hedousa to D. Tchaou) and escarpments which slope down to the town and plain of Batna.
		The oak maquis is dominated by dense stands of Quercus ilex, Juniperus oxcedrus, Crataegus lacineata, Adenocarpus trifolius and a diversity of grasses.
		Some of the largest expanses of cedar in Algeria are found in the Belezma and Aurés mountains (total 27,000-30,000ha in the Aurés massif and the Constantine plateau (de Smet, 1984; Drucker, 1986).
	sea.unep-wcmc.org /sites/pa/1454v.htm (1054 words)

	ALGERIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It is a mountainous country intersected with rocky canons and fertile valleys, which occasionally broaden out into alluvial plains like that of the Shelif, or the Metija near Algiers, or those in the neighbourhood of Oran and Bona.
		Most of them rise in the mountains near the coast, and rush down through deep and rocky channels.
		S. of Constantine by the railway to Biskra, commands the passage of the Aures mountains by which the nomads of the Sahara were wont to enter the Tell.
	simplestartpage.com /2301_ALGERIA.HTML (13697 words)

	Global Heritage Fund - Site Profile
		Urbanisation began during the reigns of emperors Claudius (AD 41-54) and Nerva (AD 96-98), but Berber opposition to the Roman presence was constant and unwavering.
		In AD 100 Emperor Trajan (AD 98-117) founded Timgad, originally known as Thamugadi, along the northern slopes of the Aurès mountains as a bastion against the Berbers.
		It was also to be a settlement for army veterans, but soon the city expanded and grew beyond its original boundaries.
	www.globalheritagefund.org /sites/emea/africa/timgad.html (543 words)

	Amazigh History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In the early stages of the arrival of Islam, Aures tribal chief Kusaila, and later the Kahena, resisted the Arabs in the late 7th-early 8th century until they were overwhelmed by the Arab forces, and they were forced to submit.
		Amazigh leaders Yusuf ibn Tashfin and Ibn Tumart established the great Amazigh medieval empires of the Almoravids (al-Murabitun, "People of the Ribat") and the Almohades (al-Muwahhidun, the "Unitarians"), which dominated much of North Africa and Spain in the 12th and 13th centuries.
		From the 13th century on, however, Arab Bedouin tribes (the Banu Hilal, Banu Sulaym, and Banu Ma'qil) began to inundate the low-lying plains of North Africa and began a process of Arabization that would continue into the 20th century.
	www.libyamazigh.org /history.htm (732 words)

	TIMGAD - Online Information article about TIMGAD
		side of the Aures Mountains, and was situated at the intersection of six roads.
		MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat.
		Berbers from the neighbouring mountains destroyed the city, hoping thus to prevent it being used as a stronghold from which to harry them.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /THE_TOO/TIMGAD.html (1020 words)

	A User's Guide to Algeria's Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Darja varies significantly across the country, with three main dialects (eastern, central, western) and a whole host of minor ones; however, all of them are definitely mutually comprehensible with each other and with Moroccan and Tunisian dialects.
		It is spoken natively everywhere north of the Atlas Mountains except for Kabylia, parts of the Aures, parts of the Cherchell area, Arzew, and the Moroccan border; however, in fact native Darja-speakers are to be found in many supposedly Tamazight areas, and certainly vice versa - the biggest Kabyle city is Algiers...
		Chaouia (Hashawith; Shawiyya), the second biggest Tamazight dialect (1.5 million), is spoken in the Aures Mountains in the region of Batna.
	www.geocities.com /lameens/alg-lang.html (1023 words)

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