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	Levantine Aurignacian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Before this project, the Levantine Aurignacian was largely ambiguous, and was the source of some disagreement among various archaeologists in terms of what it represents.
		The Levantine Aurignacian was named after the same industry in Europe, which is largely associated with the culture first anatomically modern humans entering into a land inhabited by Neanderthals and eventually replacing this native archaic stock.
		With some understanding of the reduction sequences, it is possible to classify the assemblages at the scale of lineage and industry, and then identify potential sources of this variability, such as developmental changes revealed through chronological information, or adaptive responses to environmental and/or demographic stress, as reflected in technological strategies.
	faculty.smu.edu /jowillia/levantine_aurignacian/levantine_aurignacian.htm (885 words)

	Aurignacian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Aurignacian is the name of a culture of the Upper Palaeolithic present in Europe and south west Asia.
		Human remains and Aurignacian artefacts originally found at Cro-Magnon in France indicate that the culture was human rather than Neandertal.
		The Aurignacian culture is considered by some archaeologists to have co-existed with the Périgordian culture of tool making.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aurignacian (213 words)

	Ancient Cave
		In the later part of the Aurignacian Period, a fusion of Eastern sculptural and Western linear traditions occurred in the West, resulting in small carvings of greatly increased naturalism; the engraved details show attempts at foreshortening and shading with crosshatched lines.
		A characteristic feature of these early pictures, which persisted throughout the Aurignacian period, is their "twisted perspective," which shows, for example, the head of the animal in profile and its horns twisted to a front view.
		One of the finest examples of Aurignacian art is represented by paintings of animals, such as horses and bulls, on the walls and ceilings of the cave at Lascaux, in southwestern France.
	history-world.org /ancient_cave_art.htm (440 words)

	NERC - The chronology of the Aurignacian in Eastern Europe: the changing distribution of modern humans in the ...
		The archaeological entity known as the 'Aurignacian' is generally assumed to be the signature of this earliest modern human dispersal. But it quickly became apparent that the quality and reliability of dates for relevant sites in Eastern Europe were far worse than for Western Europe.
		So far, the dates we have obtained for the Aurignacian of central and Eastern Europe do not exceed approximately 36ka, making it difficult to demonstrate that its appearance in the east was earlier than in the west of Europe.
		In any case, the Aurignacian of central and Eastern Europe appears to have spread when the climate was getting cooler after around 40ka, rather than during the predominantly warm conditions before 40ka.
	www.nerc.ac.uk /research/programmes/efched/results/hedges.asp (715 words)

	Aurignacian culture -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Aurignacian culture was marked by a great diversification and specialization of tools, including the invention of the burin, or engraving tool, that made much of the art…
		The Aurignacian culture was marked by a great diversification and specialization of tools, including the invention of the burin, or engraving tool, that made much of the art possible.
		The Aurignacian tool industry is characterized by retouched blade tools, end scrapers and “nosed” scrapers, burins (chisellike tools), and fine bone tools, in particular long, flat points (spearheads) with cleft...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9011286?&query=aurignacian (901 words)

	The Aurignacian Phenomenon: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The story of the Aurignacian is that of the spread of anatomically modern humans across Europe.
		Aurignacian Phenomenon The Aurignacian is recognised primarily by the types and frequencies of different tools found.
		Paviland Cave has usually been placed into the second phase of the Aurignacian (II), but any ascription to a specific phase cannot be definite owing to the way the site was excavated and its geographical distance from the French sites where the sequence was defined.
	scarab.newport.ac.uk /pavi/page2.html (187 words)

	[No title]
		In the gorges of the Ardèche River, a few Aurignacian flint artifacts have been found in the cave of Figuier (Saint-Martin-d'Ardèche) and the small rock-shelter of Les Pêcheurs (Casteljau).
		The Aurignacian is distinguished from preceding cultures by several innovations in flint knapping techniques, a diversification of tool types, and significant innovations in other domains.
		Among the significant innovations of the Aurignacians is the development of body ornamentation, including pierced shells and teeth, carved bone pendants, bracelets, and ivory beads.
	www.culture.gouv.fr /culture/arcnat/chauvet/en/espa2.htm (336 words)

	INORA - The Aurignacian Paintings of the Fumane Cave
		The abrupt appearance of the Aurignacian, marking a clear break with the underlying Mousterian, corresponds to the end of a relatively temperate climatic phase.
		The Aurignacian deposit has provided a considerable number of ornamental objects: four red deer incisors with a groove at the root level and 723 sea shells from 58 varieties, gathered on the Mediterranean coast and brought to the site.
		The age of 35,000-34,000 – 32,000 BP attributed on the basis of radiometric dating of the Aurignacian use of the cave gives an indication of the age of the rock fragments which fell into the zone of passage.
	www.bradshawfoundation.com /inora/discoveries_44_1.html (2242 words)

	Prehistoric Europe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Some locally developed transitional cultures (Szletian in Central Europe and Chatelperronian in the Southwest) use clearly Upper Paleolithic technologies at very early dates and there are doubts abour who were their carriers: H.
		Nevertheless, the definitive advance of these technologies is made by the Aurignacian culture.
		They might be linked with the transitional cultures mentioned before, because their techniques have some similarities and are both very different from Aurignacian ones but this issue is thus far very obscure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prehistoric_Europe (3405 words)

	Thousands of Stone Tools Found of Lorestan Aurignacian People - CAIS Archaeological & Cultural News of Iran©
		Thousands of stone tools belonging to the Aurignacian people were discovered in a cave in Lorestan dating to some 30000 years ago by a joint team of Iranian and Belgian archaeologists.
		Aurignacian is the name of a culture of the Upper Paleolithic present in Europe and south west Asia including the Middle East, Afghanistan, and Iran.
		The Aurignacians were the first humans who initiated the production of developed tools and blades and art.
	www.cais-soas.com /News/2005/may2005/26-05.htm (411 words)

	Paleolithic period. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In the Upper Paleolithic period Neanderthal man disappears and is replaced by a variety of Homo sapiens such as Cro-Magnon man and Grimaldi man. This, the flowering of the Paleolithic period, saw an astonishing number of human cultures, such as the Aurignacian, Gravettian, Perigordian, Solutrean, and Magdalenian, rise and develop in the Old World.
		It is probable that the people of the Aurignacian culture migrated to Europe after developing their distinctive culture elsewhere, perhaps in Asia.
		The Solutrean as well as remnants of the Aurignacian were replaced by the Magdalenian, the final, and perhaps most impressive, phase of the Paleolithic period.
	www.bartleby.com /65/pa/Paleolit.html (781 words)

	Encyclopædia Britannica
		Traditionally regarded as Aurignacian, since typically Aurignacian artifacts were found in the rock shelter, they could be more recent, and it has been suggested that they should be assigned to the Perigordian (a separate industry covering approximately the same time period as the Aurignacian), which would give an age of about 25,000
		The Aurignacian tool industry is characterized by retouched blade tools, end scrapers and “nosed” scrapers, burins (chisellike tools), and fine bone tools, in particular long, flat points (spearheads) with cleft bases.
		These figures are usually large-breasted, wide-hipped, and most often apparently pregnant; they are generally assumed to be some sort of fertility symbol, perhaps used in religious or magical rituals intended to promote the fertility of the group or, possibly, of the game.
	www.clanrossi.com /Cromagnon.htm (1789 words)

	2 Palæolithic Magic, Religion
		The Bushmen appear, in fact, to have remained through long ages in a state of arrested development after breaking away from the ancient progressive races from whom the elements of their civilization were derived.
		It is probable that the Cro-Magnon peoples of the Aurignacian stage of culture represented the race of unknown origin which exercised so marked an influence on those of their contemporaries who were in touch with them.
		King, "whether the nude goddess is to be traced to a Babylonian, Anatolian, or Ægean source." She may have survived from Aurignacian times among the descendants of scattered Palæolithic peoples who mingled with later immigrants into Europe at the dawn of the Neolithic Age.
	www.earth-history.com /Greece/Myths/mckenzie-02.htm (6369 words)

	Venus of Willendorf
		The Aurignacian people of 26,000 years ago were probably very similar in body type- on the move constantly, no excess fat, in good physical shape, etc. This is one aspect that makes scholars question the shape of “Venus of Willendorf”.
		The people from this area were Aurignacian, and thought, by some, to be similar to African in appearance, but “Venus of Willendorf” may change that thought.
		It is thought that the Aurignacians used Venus of Willendorf as a luck charm for fertile crops and good hunts, but it could have signified their governor.
	www.angelfire.com /mn2/hmalone/a1venus (877 words)

	LeRoy McDermott
		The earliest Upper Paleolithic female representation is from the Aurignacian of Galgenberg, Austria, ca.
		All of the "human" figures in the Aurignacian suggest aspects of ritual performance or ritual use rather than "naturalistic" depiction, including a lion-headed anthropomorph from Hohlenstein-Stadel and a carved bas-relief, probably male, from Geissenklosterle with the feet apart and the arms raised as in dance or ritual adoration, reminiscent of the Galgenberg female.
		The underlying ritual aspect of this Aurignacian imagery is crucial for any understanding of the human imagery that would follow.
	cmsu2.cmsu.edu /~ldm4683/c_marshack.htm (1882 words)

	A COGNITIVE AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGIC
		Zilhão and d’Errico (1999) argue that many coherent Châtelperronian assemblages clearly antedate the earliest Aurignacian assemblages and challenge all apparent contradictory examples, such as the 38,000-40,000 BP AMS dates for the basal Aurignacian at L’Arbreda and El Costillo, on the basis of stratigraphic, contextual, or typological uncertainties.
		If, as Zilhão and d’Errico maintain, the Châtelperronian everywhere precedes the arrival of people with Aurignacian technology, then all acculturation models would be rendered moot, and the indigenous development of new Châtelperronian activities would provide a fascinating (and unprecedented) case of parallel culture/cognitive development.
		The chronology and taphonomy of the earliest Aurignacian and its implications for the understanding of Neandertal extinction.
	web.uccs.edu /twynn/Chatelperronian.htm (7568 words)

	Aurignacian culture -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Cave painting of a bull and horse from the late Aurignacian period, in Lascaux Grotto, near …
		Aurignacian art represents the first complete artistic tradition, moving from simple engravings of animal forms on small rocks to finer pieces of carved bone and ivory to highly stylized clay figurines of pregnant women (the so-called “Venus figures,” presumably fertility figures).
		By the end of the Aurignacian, hundreds of engravings, reliefs, and paintings had been executed on the walls and ceilings of limestone caves in western Europe, most famously Lascaux Grotto.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9356148?tocId=9356148 (994 words)

	Grotte Chauvet Archaeologically Dated - Main Page
		It is only one facet of the Aurignacian art, as there exist also statuettes of a bison, a horse and a human being at the Vogelherd, i.e.
		The Aurignacian art of France is restricted to so-called vulvas, some footprints of lions or cave bears and very simple animals (Delluc 1991).
		There may be some reasons to assume that the engravings of Pair-non-Pair belong to the Aurignacian and not to the Gravettian layers of the cave (Delluc 1991).
	www.uf.uni-erlangen.de /chauvet/chauvet.html (5728 words)

	Resharpening reduction and lithic assemblage variability across the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition.
		Resharpening reduction is most apparent among tools from Aurignacian assemblages, and less so for tools from Chatelperronian and Mousterian of Acheulian type B assemblages.
		These observations are used to formulate an explanatory hypothesis for the variability in tool type proportions found among assemblages belonging to the Aurignacian and Chatelperronian industries.
		It is suggested that a major proportion of the variability in tool type proportions in these industries reflects the high proportion of resharpened reduced tools in the Aurignacian, and lower proportions of these tool types in the Chatelperronian.
	repository.upenn.edu /dissertations/AAI9125665 (273 words)

	Vogelherd fossils are dated to Neolithic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Back to the article, it would be important to know if the Aurignacian artefacts such as the Vogelherd ivory horse, were found in the same layers as the fossils dated between 3900 and 5000 bp described in the article.
		If it could be demonstrated that such unique preservation conditions were present in the Swabian Jura shortly prior to and at the time of the Vogelherd Aurignacian occupation, one would be in a position to imagine an ‘earlier than’ date for the Vogelherd ivory figurines, but certainly not younger and definitely not Neolithic.
		It follows that the most parsimonious explanation is that the figurines in question were produced by Aurignacian carvers using relatively fresh or possibly, if permafrost conditions were extant, on fossil ivory.
	www.palanth.com /forum/index.php?topic=532.15 (2220 words)

	Aurignacian, The First Modern Humans
		The Aurignacian cultural tradition is generally accepted as the first modern humans in Europe.
		Aurignacian is not a time or a place, but rather it's a name given to a particular way in which a society of people were living in Europe as early as 34,000 years ago.
		Different names are sometimes used to label a similar cultural tradition but it appears that the use of well made long narrow core blades began in Europe and expanded outward from there.
	www.lithiccastinglab.com /gallery-pages/2002marchaurignacianpage1.htm (667 words)

	Encyclopedia: Aurignacian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Haute-Garonne is a dÃ©partement in the southwest of France named after the Garonne river.
		Cave, or rock, paintings are paintings painted on cave or rock walls and ceilings, usually dating to pre_historic times.
		PÃ©rigordian is a term for several distinct but related Upper Palaeolithic cultures which are thought by some archaeologists to represent a contiguous tradition.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Aurignacian (600 words)

	[No title]
		In this case, as has often been documented in both the historical and the ethnographic records, the long-term outcome of contact was that one of those trajectories was truncated and the corresponding genetical lineage went extinct.
		All Aurignacian fossils known are anatomically modern (Gambier 1993) and no anatomically modern human remains have ever been found in archaeological contexts containing assemblages attributed to the Mousterian or to the West European Upper Paleolithic technocomplexes of Mousterian tradition (Castelperronian, Lincombian and Ulluzzian).
		However, given the fact that no signs of Aurignacian pollution have been identified in the lithics from the Castelperronian levels of the site, and that adornments and bone tools are far more numerous in the latter than in the Aurignacian levels (Leroi-Gourhan and Leroi-Gourhan 1965), the hypothesis has to be rejected.
	web.tiscali.it /anthropage/the_extinction_of_iberian_neande.htm (5649 words)

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