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Topic: Aurochs

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	Aurochs
		The aurochs (Bos primigenius) (or urus) is an extinct European mammal of the Bovidae family.
		The last recorded instance of the aurochs was the report of the death of "the last" aurochs, hunted and killed by poachers in 1627 in the Jaktorów Forest, Poland.
		Aurochs are depicted in many cave paintings such as those found at Lascaux and Livernon[?] in France.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/au/Auroch.html (274 words)

	Aurochs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The aurochs (Bos primigenius) is an extinct European mammal of the Bovidae family.
		Domestication of the aurochs began in the southern Caucasus and northern Mesopotamia from about the 6th millennium BC, while genetic evidence suggests that aurochs were independently domesticated in northern Africa and in India.
		The impressive and dangerous aurochs survived into the Iron Age in Anatolia and the Near East, and was worshipped throughout that area as a sacred animal, the Lunar Bull, associated with the Great Goddess and later with Mithras.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aurochs (1131 words)

	AURILLAC - LoveToKnow Article on AURILLAC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gesners figure of the aurochs, or as he calls it thur, yen in the Icones to his History of Animals, was probably Lapted from Herbersteins.
		As a wild animal, then, the aurochs appears to have ceased exist in the early part of the I7th century; but as a species survives, for the majority of the domesticated breeds of iropean cattle are its descendants, all diminished in point of :e, and some departing more widely from the original type an others.
		Aurochs calves were in all probability captured the early in.habitants of Britain.
	35.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AU/AURILLAC.htm (1374 words)

	Russian Science News
		And though the quantity of aurochs increases the scientists are talking about their future degradation and extinction which are connected with the consequence of close relative crossing between them.
		The aurochs in these groups are close relatives and the results of relative crossing are well known: the animals become less viable and they have the features of degeneration.
		If the number of aurochs reduces (for example, as a result of epidemic) or the living conditions are changed the group won't be able to survive.
	www.informnauka.ru /eng/2000/2000-09-15-029_e.htm (502 words)

	Recently Extinct Animals - Aurochs - Bos taurus primigenius
		Bull aurochs were much bigger than the cows and had longer horns that pointed forwards rather than swept out to the side.
		At its maximum extent, the aurochs was found in southern and central Europe, North Africa, and parts of the Middle East and across Asia as least as far east as India.
		Aurochs mainly inhabited forest and open scrub, but could be found in grasslands as well.
	home.conceptsfa.nl /~pmaas/rea/aurochs.htm (654 words)

	Persbericht Wageningen Universiteit
		The aurochs bull had an impressive appearance with its shoulder height of 160-180 cm., and large dirty white horns with a dark tip, a colour comparable with that in Spanish fighting cattle.
		In its natural environment, the aurochs mainly ate grasses in spring and summer, in autumn acorns as well and in winter furthermore branches and possibly tree bark.
		Aurochs themselves, like other large herbivores, had little impact on forest structure and openness of the landscape; this conclusion was drawn from studies in palynology, archaeoentomology and Roman writings, and from the situation in the Great Wilderness in former East Prussia.
	www.wau.nl /pers/05/001wure.html (745 words)

	AURISPA, GIOVANNI - LoveToKnow Article on AURISPA, GIOVANNI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Individuals of the race were sometimes born entirely fl, and then were not to be distinguished from the common Pembroke cattle of the mountains.
		It is thus evident that park-cattle are an albino offshoot from the ancient Pembroke fl breed, which, from their soft and well-oiled skins, are evidently natives of a humid climate, such as that of the forests in which dwelt the wild aurochs.
		The latter was a gigantic animal, especially during the Pleistocene period; the skulls and limbbones discovered in the brick-earths and gravels of the Thames valley and many other parts of England having belonged to animals that probably stood six feet at the shoulder.
	36.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AU/AURISPA_GIOVANNI.htm (2685 words)

	HISTORY OF THE AUROCHS (Bos taurus primigenius) IN POLAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The fact of the extinction of the last aurochs (Bos taurus primigenius) in the royal forests of Jaktorowski at Mazowsze in Poland at the beginning of the 17th century is well known.
		Aurochs, however, were found only in the Mazowsze region (Masovia), the most afforested part of the country and therefore the least populated one, while "the imagination of our ancestors clothed this forest giant in almost unnatural charm", while some texts compare it to a mythological centaur (Centaurus seu Bubulis vulgariter aurochs).
		However the aurochs and the zubr, the "principal and patriarchal animals", those "emperors of the primeval forest" as they were so accurately described by Mickiewicz, were excluded from this law (Mankowski, 1904).
	users.aristotle.net /~swarmack/aurohist.html (3672 words)

	Glossary of Terms
		Aurochs horns were used as high status ceremonial drinking horns, embellished with silver fittings.
		Such an aurochs horn was laid with the dead king in the Sutton Hoo burial, circa 625 CE.
		The aurochs was memorialized in the second letter of the runic alphabet, the futhark, the letter Ur signifying primal strength.
	www.octavia.net /books/CircleGlossary.htm (707 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Wildfacts - Aurochs, wild ox, wild cattle, giant ox
		The aurochs was the ancestor of the European breeds of domestic cattle.
		The aurochs ate a wide variety of plant food, grazing and browsing on grass, leaves and herbs.
		The closest living relatives of the aurochs are the many breeds of European domestic cattle, Bos taurus.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/wildfacts/factfiles/3037.shtml (386 words)

	Cattle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The aurochs is ancestral to both zebu and European cattle.
		The aurochs was originally spread throughout Europe, Africa, and Asia.
		Breeders have attempted to recreate the original gene pool of the aurochs by careful crossing of commercial breeds, creating the Heck cattle breed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cow (2854 words)

	Second Stanza
		Nonetheless, we are told that the aurochs (Bos primigenius) was a forest animal, typically six feet at the shoulder and fl.
		Aurochs were extinct in the British Isles before Teutonic settlers arrived in the 400’s CE, but they did not become extinct in continental Europe until the seventeenth century CE.
		The points of agreement between “aurochs” and “úr” are that both male and female aurochs were horned and that, if they behaved like African buffalo, both males and females were aggressive and bold fighters.
	pages.prodigy.net /gary_s/oerp/chap02.htm (3095 words)

	The Aurochs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The aurochs is thought to be the original wild stock from which all European cattle breeds eventually descended...
		The aurochs was the great, fl bull that was painted on cave walls alongside bison and mammoths by tacky prehistoric minimalist artists who had no sense whatsoever of modeling or perspective.
		The Europeans had pretty much wiped out the Aurochs by the Middle Ages, and by the year 1300 or so it only survived in East Prussia, Lithuania, and Poland, and would have disappeared completely during this time if it weren't for a royal decree in Poland that protected it under threat of death.
	users.aristotle.net /~swarmack/aurochs.html (709 words)

	WWF - Lake Pape - Aurochs
		The auroch is the ancestor of the European breeds of domestic cattle.
		At its maximum extent, the auroch was found in Southern and Central Europe, North Africa, parts of the Middle East and across Asia as least as far east as India.
		The major difference is in size: a recreated aurochs bull is not much larger than the bull of most breeds of domestic cattle, while wild aurochs bulls are believed to have often exceeded 1 tonne, half the size of a rhinoceros.
	www.panda.org /about_wwf/where_we_work/europe/where/latvia/lake_pape/about/aurochs/index.cfm (281 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The aurochs was a species of wild ox, similar to a longhorn bull, that was once found all over Europe, but which became extinct sometime in the 17th.
		Paintings of aurochs have been found in Neolithic caves, and it is believed that the aurochs hunt had some significance as a rite of passage for a boy entering manhood.
		The aurochs is the epitome of the wild animal, as opposed to the domesticated cattle represented by fehu.
	www.angelfire.com /tx3/beannsidhe/uruz.html (269 words)

	Dairy Farmers of Washington
		Their role as a source of food and as a beast of burden was at the center of the primitive agricultural economies that were the foundation of all later human civilizations.
		The domestication of the aurochs -- the large, hollow-horned ancestor of all modern cattle -- is believed to have taken place on the Asian steppes between 7,000 and 10,000 years ago.
		Aurochs skulls discovered in Britain are three feet in length with the points of their horns three-and-one-half feet apart.
	www.havemilk.com /article.asp?id=1483 (1488 words)

	Aurochs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The ancient "Aurochs" was last seen in Poland in the late 1670's.
		A student of cattle breeds, McDermott while researching, found an artistic rendering of the "Aurochs" and much to his surprise, looking out the window was indeed the form and function of Bos Primigenius.
		Aurochs in form and function are alive and well on a small family farm in Minnesota.
	www.electricscotland.com /poetry/mcdermott/aurochs.htm (681 words)

	GreenBooks.TheOneRing.net™ \| Special Guest \| The Science of Middle-earth: The Kine of Araw
		Aurochs are rather far removed in both size and temperament from the docile Buttercup and Daisy of today.
		Despite earnest conservation efforts, the last aurochs -- a cow -- died in 1627, in the royal forests of Jaktorowski at Mazowsze in Poland.
		Aurochs and bison hung on in eastern Poland.
	greenbooks.theonering.net /guest/files/012005.html (1420 words)

	Unique Facts About Europe: Aurochs
		Aurochs evolved in India some two million years ago, migrated into the Middle East and further into Asia, and reached Europe about 250,000 years ago.
		At one time there existed three aurochs subspecies, namely Bos primigenius namadicus that occurred in India, the Bos primigenius mauretanicus from North Africa and naturally the Bos primigenius primigenius Bojanus, 1827 from Europe and the Middle East.
		Domestication caused dramatic changes to the physiology of the creatures, to the extent that domestic cattle must now be regarded as a separate species.
	www.sheppardsoftware.com /Europeweb/factfile/Unique-facts-Europe26.htm (777 words)

	Recently Extinct Animals - Species Info - Aurochs
		The last population of aurochs in Poland in the forests of Jaktorów were extra fed in the winter with hay.
		In 1476 the two last aurochs populations came in the possession of the Royal Family, after they were in possession of the Duke of Mazovia.
		The result of their experiments to re-breed the aurochs was according to the Heck brothers quickly achieved and had a strong resemblance to the real aurochs.
	www.petermaas.nl /extinct/speciesinfo/aurochs.htm (3500 words)

	Wikinfo \| Aurochs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In these and many other early art works, the aurochs are attributed with magical qualities.
		In the 1920s two German zookeepers— brothers by the names of Heinz and Lutz Heck— attempted to breed the aurochs back into existence from the domestic cattle that were their descendants.
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Aurochs (453 words)

	Aurochs/Giant Ox Horn - Swansea Heritage Net - History in pictures
		It is impossible to date with any degree of accuracy since aurochs only became extinct in Europe during the seventeenth century.
		The aurochs was common in Britain and Europe during the Pleistocene (Ice Age).
		Aurochs were the wild cattle of Europe, Asia and North Africa and remains may be pre-glacial, particularly if compressed, but the breed survived until the seventeenth century and genetic traces are still present in domestic breeds of Camargue, Spanish and Corsican cattle, though Shetland cattle are closest on bone conformation." (p.35).
	www.swanseaheritage.net /article/gat.asp?ARTICLE_ID=76&PRIMARY_THEME_ID=5 (204 words)

	Aurochs : Urus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The major difference is in size -- a recreated aurochs bull isn't much larger than the bull of most breeds of domestic cattle, while wild aurochs bulls are believed to have often exceeded 1000 kilograms: half the size of a rhinoceros.
		All is still licensed under the GNU FDL.
		It is not likely you would be searched for there, and I should befallen him, and then.
	www.termsdefined.net /ur/urus.html (419 words)

	Aurochs Farm - Aurochs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The aurochs, a legendary beast, is the forerunner of our present-day breeds of cattle.
		The image of the aurochs adorned the caves of prehistoric man. Sacred to numerous civilizations, from Egypt to Christian Europe, it served as a symbol for strength and fertility, among other things.
		La Ferme de l’Aurochs is an active member of SIERDA (International Association for the Study and Reintroduction of the Aurochs), which maintains the herdbook of the reconstituted aurochs.
	www.ferme-auroch.com /gb/elevage-animaux-auroch-gb.shtml (154 words)

	Search Results for "Aurochs"
		I am thinking of aurochs and angels, the secret of durable pigments, prophetic sonnets,...
		...or European, domestic cattle (Bos taurus) are thought to be descended mainly from the aurochs, a large European wild ox domesticated during the Stone Age, extinct...
		Its nearest relative, the Old World aurochs, formerly found all through the forests of Europe, is almost as...
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=&query=Aurochs (326 words)

	'The Aurochs:' New Age for UNCP Poets
		The title is symbolic because "both the word and the beast have helped make society what it is today," said Byrd, co-editor and a May graduate with a degree in English.
		The Aurochs was printed in early May, but knowledge of the poetry collection did not circulate because the release date was right before spring-semester exams.
		The Aurochs is not the only publication of the English Department although it is the only completely student produced publication.
	www.uncp.edu /news/2001/aurochs.htm (300 words)

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