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	Auscultation - LoveToKnow 1911
		The ancient physicians appear to have practised a kind of auscultation, by which they were able to detect the presence of air or fluids in the cavities of the chest and abdomen.
		Still no general application of this method of investigation was resorted to, or was indeed possible, till the advance of the study of anatomy led to correct ideas regarding the locality, structure and uses of the various organs of the body, and the alterations produced in them by disease.
		Percussion must be regarded as a necessary part of auscultation, particularly in relation to the examination of the chest; for the physician who has made himself acquainted with the normal condition of that part of the body in reference to percussion is thus able to recognize by the ear alterations of resonance produced by disease.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Auscultation (990 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Teaching cardiac auscultation to trainees in internal medicine and family practice: Does ...
		Cardiac auscultation is considered as an important tool for doctors in obtaining a precise cardiovascular evaluation and ensuring a cost-effective approach in outpatient-based medicine [1-6].
		The purpose of this study was to test, at the bedside, the clinical auscultation skills of trainees in internal medicine and family practice and to evaluate the impact of a 5-month bedside training program (45 min per week).
		Auscultation skills are better evaluated in real conditions where the elimination of contaminating background noise is not always possible, in contrast with a perfect audiotape recording.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1472-6920/4/5 (2453 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Cardiac auscultation training of medical students: a comparison of electronic sensor-based ...
		The aim of this study was to compare the auscultation skills of medical students using an electronic, sensor based stethoscope with a similar group using conventional stethoscopes.
		Some of the patients used in the auscultation test were, however, known to the cardiologists, and there is a possibility that their findings on auscultation could be biased by background information about these patients.
		The cardiac auscultation skills of undergraduate medical students were not influenced by the use of an electronic sensor-based stethoscope.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1472-6920/5/14 (2439 words)

	Auscultation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Auscultation is the technical term for listening to the internal sounds of the body, usually using a stethoscope.
		Auscultation is normally performed for the purposes of examining the cardiovascular system and respiratory systems (heart and lung sounds), as well as the gastrointestinal system (bowel sounds).
		Auscultation is a skill that requires substantial clinical experience, and good listening skills.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Auscultation (419 words)

	VM 8754: Cardiac Auscultation
		The first step in a systematic approach to cardiac auscultation is palpation of the thorax and determining the location and intensity of the apex beat (cardiac impulse, apical thrust).
		Auscultation should be systematic and involves listening to all areas of the heart (inching) using the diaphragm then repeating the same sequence with the bell of the stethoscope.
		Auscultation requires a consistent, systematic approach and verification through practice and consultation with others.
	education.vetmed.vt.edu /Curriculum/VM8754/II.html (4213 words)

	Echocardiography or auscultation?
		Although auscultation played a large role in cardiac diagnosis, widespread and increasing use of Doppler echocardiography in the past 15 to 20 years has diminished its importance.
		The gradual degradation of auscultation skills is becoming increasingly apparent in training programs, despite efforts to preserve them by using simulation technology in medical education.
		Auscultation versus echocardiography in a healthy population with precordial murmur.
	www.cfpc.ca /cfp/2003/Feb/vol49-feb-cme-1.asp (3050 words)

	AllRefer Health - Auscultation
		Auscultation is a method used to "listen" to the sounds of the body during a physical examination.
		Health care providers also use auscultation to listen to the heart sounds of unborn infants.
		The Doppler technique can also be used to auscultate pulses in the hands and feet when they are diseased and difficult to feel.
	health.allrefer.com /health/auscultation-info.html (397 words)

	Emergency Clinical Guide Presents Chest Auscultation: How to Maximize Its Diagnostic Value in Lung Disease
		I contend, however, that chest auscultation is the single most useful technique in the diagnosis of lung disease, especially in light of the fact that it can be done by any physician, anytime, anywhere, without morbidity or mortality, and without any additional expense.
		Crackles auscultated during early inspiration are thought to be more indicative of airways disease, such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma.
		Crackles auscultated during late inspiration are more suggestive of parenchymal disorders, such as pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial pneumonitis, and pneumonia.
	www.anisman.com /ecg/chest_auscultation.htm (2875 words)

	Cardiac Auscultation: An Art Based on Science
		Although authorities differ on the exact progression of auscultation, the important point to remember is that one should proceed in a structured, methodical manner with each examination so that the process is standardized and findings are less likely to be overlooked.
		Auscultate at the left base to hear splitting of S2 because P2 is confined to this area.
		Dynamic auscultation distinguished functional murmurs (31%) from pathologic murmurs (13%) with a specificity of 98% and a positive predictive value of 92%.
	intmedweb.wfubmc.edu /grand_rounds/1998/cardiac.html (4842 words)

	What auscultation can tell, an X-ray cannot! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Auscultation of the chest shall always remain a very interesting and rewarding clinical exercise in hearing and interpreting lung sounds.
		On auscultation itself, a good clinician should be able to make a fairly accurate provisional diagnosis or a narrow differential diagnosis in chest diseases.
		Ideally, the diaphragm should not be used for auscultation of lung sounds because the purpose of the diaphragm is not to increase the volume of the sounds, but to facilitate the hearing of the high-pitched sounds which are fairly frequent with cardiac pathology, and rare in respiratory diseases
	www.indegene.com /Gen/FeatArt/indIntFeatArtLung.html (5685 words)

	Auscultation of the Heart
		Auscultation is that part of the physical examination involving the act of listening with a stethoscope to sounds made by the heart, lungs, and blood.
		Careful attention to the intensity of S1 is an extremely important aspect of cardiac auscultation often giving clues to the proper diagnosis and the degree of abnormality of the involved structures.
		Innocent systolic ejection murmurs also have been attributed to flow in the normal RV outflow tract and have been termed innocent pulmonic systolic murmurs because the site of their maximal intensity is auscultated best in the pulmonic area at the second left interspace with radiation along the left sternal border.
	www.rjmatthewsmd.com /Definitions/auscultation_of_theheart.htm (8992 words)

	MVS Cardiac Auscultation
		Auscultation is perhaps the most important, basic, and effective clinical technique you will ever learn for evaluating a patient's cardiovascular function.
		If you notice any abnormal sounds or murmurs, you should auscultate adjacent areas to determine where these sounds are the loudest and their areas of radiation.
		When auscultating, first concentrate on the S1 and S2 sounds, next listen for S3 and S4 sounds before looking for murmurs and other abnormal heart sounds.
	sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca /mvs/CARDIO01.HTM (1102 words)

	Heart Sounds and Murmurs - Ears On! Auscultation CD ROM by Cor Sonics Inc.
		Whether the skill of cardiac auscultation is acquired by family practitioners through experience after they graduate is not known.
		That a problem exists in health care delivery, as far as auscultation of the heart is concerned, is evident.
		It attempts to teach the skill of cardiac auscultation for all those who use the stethoscope in this discipline, be they undergraduate medical or nursing students, family or nurse practitioners, or specialists.
	www.earson.com /what.html (802 words)

	Definition of auscultation - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Learn more about "auscultation" and related topics at Britannica.com
		Find more about "auscultation" instantly with Live Search
		See a map of "auscultation" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?va=auscultations (64 words)

	CADI: Cardiac Auscultation Diagnosis Instruction
		This process, known as auscultation, is a valuable diagnostic tool.
		Although auscultation is a valuable diagnostic technique, it is a difficult skill to learn.
		Although it's important that students be able to perceive heart sounds correctly, the purpose of auscultation is to aid in diagnosis.
	people.cs.uchicago.edu /~fensterm/CADI/CADI.html (1590 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Auscultation
		Auscultation is a method used to "listen" to the sounds of the body during a physical examination.
		Health care providers routinely listen to a patient's lungs, heart, and intestines to evaluate the frequency, intensity, duration, number, and quality of sounds.
		Health care providers also use auscultation to listen to the heart sounds of unborn infants.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/002226.htm (236 words)

	The teaching of chest auscultation during primary care training : has anything changed in the 1990s? - clinical ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		IM PDs gave more clinical importance to auscultation and expressed a greater desire for expanded teaching than did their counterparts in FP programs.
		Many factors may be contributing to this decline, as follows: our ever-increasing reliance on "tests" (4); the erosion of bedside teaching (5); time-constraints during residency (6); and, possibly, the absence of an objective assessment of clinical skills during board certification examination.
		Since cost-effective medicine demands the use of clinical skills like auscultation, their loss is a concern.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_4_124/ai_110218172 (636 words)

	Intermittent Auscultation CCC
		Replacing Continous EFM with intermittent auscultation (perhaps augmented with episodic EFM) prevents maternal mortality and morbidity and spares both mother and baby the interruption of bonding that accompanies cesarean surgery.
		Intermittent Auscultation should be the standard of care for helathy mothers experiencing normal pregnancies except in circumstances of evident medical need.
		Intermittent Auscultation (IA) is a systematic method of listening to fetal heart tones with an acoustical device (fetascope) or a hand-held ultrasound (doptone), paying attention to rate, rhythm and variability for at least one full minute, most usually following a uterine contraction (UC), and timing with a watch or clock with a sweep second hand.
	www.collegeofmidwives.org /prac_issues01/ia99bb.htm (4512 words)

	Comparison of Two Educational Interventions on Pediatric Resident Auscultation Skills -- Mahnke et al. 113 (5): 1331 -- ...
		Auscultation skills did improve after the use of a self-directed
		Teaching cardiac auscultation using simulated heart sounds and small-group discussion.
		Automated cardiac auscultation for detection of pathologic heart murmurs.
	pediatrics.aappublications.org /cgi/content/full/113/5/1331 (2989 words)

	Cardiac Auscultation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Features include auscultation tips and alerts, a chart of auscultation findings for common disorders, phonocardiogram and ECG tracings, glossary, and pretests and posttests for each topic section.
		With Cardiac Auscultation, students can spend as much timeas they need with the "patient", listening to heart sounds again and again until they are able to identify cardiac abnormalities readily.
		The Learning Cardiac Auscultation program is a CD-ROM covering over 20 heart sounds and murmurs with variations on each.
	www.thehealthcarenet.com /cardiology.asp (1239 words)

	Cardiac Auscultation : A Glorious Past—But Does It Have a Future? -- Tavel 93 (6): 1250 -- Circulation
		Smith ND, Raisada V, Abrams J. Auscultation of the normally functioning prosthetic valve.
		Use of auscultation to follow patients with mitral systolic clicks and murmurs.
		Interobserver agreement by auscultation in the presence of a third heart sound in patients with congestive heart failure.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/circulationaha;93/6/1250 (3093 words)

	Auscultation
		Auscultation is a method used to listen to the sounds of the body during aphysical examination.
		Auscultation is usually performed by listening through a stethoscope.
		This is not performed with a stethoscope, but with sound waves.
	www.baylorhealth.com /healthinformation/1/002226.htm (214 words)

	Heart Sounds and Murmurs
		Clarence Shub, MD Auscultation of the Heart - Hospital Physician, Sept. 2002
		Teaching cardiac auscultation to trainees in internal medicine and family
		The Physiological Origins of Heart Sounds and Murmurs is a multimedia CD-ROM that integrates functional anatomy with cardiac auscultation to explain and elucidate clinical findings and observations.
	www.bsignetics.com /databases.htm (415 words)

	The Cardiac Exam: Auscultation
		Auscultation is an essential part of even a cursory cardiac exam.
		Listening to the heart you can gather information about the 1) rate and rhythm, 2) value functioning (e.g.
		As with palpation of the heart, auscultation should proceed in a logical manner over 4 general areas on the anterior chest, beginning with the patient in the supine position.
	filer.case.edu /~dck3/heart/listen.html (385 words)

	The Auscultation Assistant - Hear Heart Murmurs, Heart Sounds, and Breath Sounds
		The Auscultation Assistant - Hear Heart Murmurs, Heart Sounds, and Breath Sounds
		The Auscultation Assistant provides heart sounds, heart murmurs, and breath sounds in order to help medical students and others improve their physical diagnosis skills.
		Since its creation in 1997, it has logged over 175,000 visits.
	www.med.ucla.edu /wilkes/intro.html (65 words)

	The Teaching and Practice of Cardiac Auscultation during Internal Medicine and Cardiology Training: A Nationwide Survey ...
		The Teaching and Practice of Cardiac Auscultation during Internal Medicine and Cardiology Training: A Nationwide Survey -- Mangione et al.
		The Teaching and Practice of Cardiac Auscultation during Internal Medicine and Cardiology Training: A Nationwide Survey
		importance to cardiac auscultation (5.49 ± 0.64 on a
	www.annals.org /cgi/content/full/119/1/47 (4618 words)

	Techniques of Auscultation
		Minimally four areas should be auscultated using first the diaphragm and then the bell:
		The important point is that the four areas mentioned are auscultated each time in a consistent manner, and that each area is assessed for sounds of both low and high frequencies.
		There are many factors that contribute to acoustic response, such as a complete seal from the point of auscultation to the stethoscope user's ear canal.
	solutions.3m.com /wps/portal/3M/en_US/Littmann/stethoscope/education/tech-auscultation (364 words)

	CSU AUSCULTATION LIBRARY
		Welcome to the Colorado State University Veterinary Auscultation Library.
		Within each species page, the content is organized by organ system including cardiac, respiratory, and abdominal auscultation.
		It is their collaboration and continued support that makes this Auscultation Library a continuing success.
	www.cvmbs.colostate.edu /clinsci/callan/index.html (197 words)

	Auscultation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Auscultation.com is a site owned and operated by Meditron ASA of Oslo, Norway, in collaboration with Welch Allyn Inc, of NY, USA.
		The intented use is for medical schools, students and professionals to learn better how to auscultate.
		Meditron is the maker of the “Welch Allyn Meditron” stethoscope, a sensor-based stethoscope, a modern stethoscope that allows for interaction with electronic medical records, use in telemedicine and teaching using computerized aids.
	www.auscultation.com /about.htm (78 words)

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