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Topic: Austerity in Israel

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	EH.Net Encyclopedia: A Brief Economic History of Modern Israel
		Israel was fortunate in receiving large sums of capital inflows: U.S. aid in the forms of unilateral transfers and loans, German reparations and restitutions to individuals, sale of State of Israel Bonds abroad, and unilateral transfers to public institutions, mainly the Jewish Agency, which retained responsibility for immigration absorption and agricultural settlement.
		Thus, while employment in Israel was a major contributor to the economy of the Palestinians, its effects on the Israeli economy, except for the sectors of construction and agriculture, were not large.
		Economic fluctuations in Israel have usually been associated with waves of immigration: a large flow of immigrants which abruptly increases the population requires an adjustment period until it is absorbed productively, with the investments for its absorption in employment and housing stimulating economic activity.
	eh.net /encyclopedia/article/halevi.israel (2929 words)

	Israel country information
		Israel is located in the Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea with Lebanon to the north, Jordan to the east, and Egypt to the south and west.
		Israel has no formal constitution, but is governed under the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the basic laws of the parliament (Knesset) and the Israeli citizenship law.
		Israel withdrew its settlers and military from the Gaza Strip and from four settlements in the West Bank in August 2005.
	www.elca.org /countrypackets/israel/desc.html (1060 words)

	Why Divest?
		However, in light of the state of Israel's continued occupation of Palestinian land and oppression of the Palestinian people in violation of United Nations resolutions and international human rights law, these bodies are not upholding their responsibilities by continuing to invest either directly in Israel or in companies doing business with Israel.
		Israel, a country with high per capita income and developed industry, receives more financial assistance than any other country; indeed, US aid to Israel is six times the total of all aid to Africa.
		Israel, on the other hand, has not withdrawn nor offered to withdraw to the borders prescribed in Resolution 188, nor has it agreed to recognize a Palestinian state in the remainder of historic Palestine.
	www.rutgersdivest.org /whydivest.html (5906 words)

	Israel's Age Of Austerity
		The Israeli government adopted an austerity budget in September, cutting social welfare to pay for defence and settlements.
		Dr Yitzhak Kadman, director of the National Council for the Child, compares the austerity plan with the 10 plagues inflicted on Egypt in the Old Testament: "This plan is afflicting children and families with children with at least 20 painful plagues" (4).
		Israel Discount Bank's profit rose to 116m shekels ($26m) for the same period, 36.5% more than in 2002.
	www.rense.com /general43/israelsageofausterity.htm (1897 words)

	Israel travel guide - Wikitravel
		Israel [1] (Hebrew: מדינת ישראל Medinat Yisra-el; Arabic: دولَة إِسرائيل Dawlat Isrā'īl) is a small yet diverse Middle Eastern country with a long coastline on the eastern Mediterranean Sea and a small window on the Red Sea on the Gulf of Eilat (Aqaba).
		Israel is bordered by Egypt and Gaza Strip to the southwest, by Jordan and the West Bank to the east (with which it shares a border along the Jordan River and the Dead Sea), and by Syria and Lebanon to the north.
		The voltage in Israel is 230 V, and the frequency is 50 Hz.
	wikitravel.org /en/Israel (7819 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Israel immediately annexed the eastern portion of Jerusalem but declared that other territories were being held in the hope of a peace treaty.
		Israel retreated approximately three months later, after a UN peacekeeping force was stationed as a buffer between the Israeli border and PLO positions throughout southern Lebanon.
		Israel supports the accepted Zionist position that most, if not all, of the Arabs left on their own volition, in order to distance themselves from the fighting and so as to avoid remaining under Jewish rule.
	www.ynetnews.com /articles/0,7340,L-3284752,00.html (5974 words)

	How capitalism was built in Israel
		So we see that in the early stages Israel’s economy was in large part built up by the state and now began a period of handing this over to the private capitalists.
		One of the major factors that accounts for the increased role of Histadrut in industry was the development of Israel's military industries, particularly during the first stage in the development of the economy.
		Israel is very attractive to investors because of its high-tech industries and highly educated working class – Israel has more scientists and engineers per capita than any other country in the world.
	www.marxist.com /israel-capitalism060306.htm (3444 words)

	Israel Mcdonald's Children Poverty
		McDonald's Israel opened its first restaurant in October 1993, in Ramat-Gan, and was the first of the companies branches in the Middle East.
		The McDonald's project is funded by the chain's charitable foundations in Israel and abroad, along with the Israeli Spirit charity and by McDonald's Israel's local suppliers, the statement said.
		The figures were revealed as the umbrella union movement the Histadrut threatened to hold a general strike last November in protest at plans unveiled in the recent austerity budget.
	www.israelnewsagency.com /israelchildrenpoverty10030.html (1071 words)

	Austerity in Israel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Austerity in Israel: From 1949 to 1959, the state of Israel was, to a varying extent, under a regime of austerity (צנע tsena), during which rationing and similar measures were enforced.
		The enforcement of austerity required the establishment of a bureaucracy of quite some proportions, which nonetheless proved inefficient in preventing the emergence of a fl market in which rationed products — often smuggled from the countryside — were sold at prices far higher than their worth.
		In 1952 an agreement was signed with Germany, compensating Israel for confiscation of Jewish property during the Holocaust.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Austerity_in_Israel (600 words)

	Israel: a shift to the left?, by Uri Avnery
		Israel’s political landscape was already shaken by the withdrawal from the governing coalition of the Labour party under its new leader, Amir Peretz, and Ariel Sharon’s creation of a new party.
		When Israel’s security was at risk, people turned to Sharon, the sabra (native-born Israeli), with his aura of military leadership.
		Most commentators have missed the most obvious and decisive fact which is that all the parties have moved to the left, except the Likud hard core which remains firmly entrenched where it has always been, on the right.
	mondediplo.com /2006/01/03aisrael (1890 words)

	Think-Israel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		As for Israel, after buying off a sufficient number of Likud backbenchers to prevent a national referendum on his planned withdrawal and expulsion plan, Sharon managed to scare a lot of friends of Israel in Washington earlier in the month with his talk of the likelihood of civil war breaking out.
		But the issue that Israelis, friends of Israel and supporters of Israeli democracy should be raising now is as follows: The French have recourse to a referendum to voice their views on a project that was undertaken largely without their consent and with which they have become increasingly disenchanted.
		Israel's mistake is to try to please its concession-demanding and territory-demanding critics, who in any case are implacable, rather than figure out what is best for it.
	www.think-israel.org /apr05bloged.html (19023 words)

	Israel: Histadrut suspends general strike against pension reform
		Israel’s Histadrut trade union federation and the finance ministry headed by former Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu have agreed a deal that brings the government’s plans to severely undermine workers pension rights significantly closer.
		This is due in part to the government’s decision to cut welfare benefits, including a 30 percent cut in income supplements and a 20-25 percent reduction in child allowances.
		The ongoing repression of Palestinian resistance in the Occupied Territories, including the construction of an apartheid-style wall between Israel and the occupied areas and regular army incursions into refugee camps, is being paid for by plundering the social gains of the working class.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2003/nov2003/isra-n15.shtml (1218 words)

	Israel's economy leaving Palestinians far behind \| csmonitor.com
		Israel's cabinet decided Sunday it would release $11 million of the $55 million customs taxes it is withholding from the Palestinian Authority but only to purchase medicines and medical equipment to ease the humanitarian strain.
		In the decades after Israel occupied the West Bank and the Gaza Strip in the 1967 Six Day War, an economic symbiosis began to emerge as Israel exported consumer goods to the Palestinians and Arab construction and agricultural laborers flooded into Israel.
		But over the last decade, Israel has reduced its dependence on the Palestinian economy as technology exports surged and day laborers from Gaza and the West Bank were replaced by guest workers from primarily China, Thailand, and Romania.
	www.csmonitor.com /2006/0522/p01s03-wome.html (1052 words)

	divest from Israel - psgchicago.org
		War crimes: Most recently, Israel denied a United Nations investigatory team access to the Jenin refugee camp, the site of horrific destruction in the battles of the Israeli reoccupation of April 2002.
		Denial of refugee rights: All refugees-people forced from their homes during time of war, or caused to flee from their homes by conflict and war-are guaranteed by law their right to return to their homes and homeland.
		Unequal justice: Within 1948 borders, some Palestinians-especially those in largely Arab areas near the Galilee, within some cities in central Israel, or in the Negev desert in the south-escaped the attempt to remove all Palestinians from the land that became the state of Israel.
	www.psgchicago.org /divest.htm (4706 words)

	RTE News - Israel passes economic austerity plan
		The Israeli parliament has passed an economic austerity plan that it rejected earlier in the week.
		The plan was passed by 56 votes in favour, 26 against and seven abstentions.
		The economic plan was proposed as a measure to reduce a budget deficit swollen by falling tax revenues, and the cost of the 20-month-old Palestinian uprising.
	www.rte.ie /news/2002/0522/mideast01.html (147 words)

	Workers World Nov. 13, 2003: Labor resists demands of Zionist regime
		And even being armed to the teeth by the Pentagon has not been able to shield the Israeli economy from the economic costs of three years of trying to crush the sustained and determined Palestinian uprising--the Intifada--against colonial occupation of their land.
		Benjamin Netanyahu, now Israel's finance minister, is the point man who is forcing this austerity plan on the workers and poor.
		Israel is very much a capitalist, class society, and Zionism is the political movement of the bourgeoisie.
	www.workers.org /ww/2003/israel1113.php (581 words)

	Lost Freedoms of Israel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Muhammad Bakri, an Arab Israeli filmmaker, was banned from screening his documentary Jenin-Jenin in Israel because the attorney general thought it might hurt the feelings of soldiers who fought there.
		The Knesset is now reviewing a proposed law to force NGOs to submit donations from abroad to scrutiny by a governmental authority, which would have the right to ban funds for organisations that "seek to change a position or public opinion in Israeli society".
		But he and other media people believe it is not just a question of self-censorship, common in times of war: there is government pressure on the media and a gradual erosion of freedom of expression.
	www.arena.org.nz /pallibs.htm (2668 words)

	ANOTHER DOSE OF AUSTERITY FOR ISRAEL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The budget cuts now have to be approved by the Knesset, Israel's parliament, where they'll face substantial opposition within Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's ruling coalition.
		The government is gearing up its austerity drive at a time when the Israeli economy is slowing down after six years of rapid economic growth.
		Israeli GDP is expected to increase in 1996 by 4%, compared to 7.1% last year and 6% or more yearly since 1990.
	businessweek.com /bwdaily/dnflash/december/new1209b.htm (157 words)

	The Sinking Israeli Economy : SF Indymedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It is a basic fact of life that no society can have both guns and butter, and Israel is no exception.
		Its economy is sinking under the weight of its military might and murder of the Palestinians, all at the expense of the Israeli workingclass, as usual.
		They are aimed at making the most impoverished and vulnerable sections of the Israeli working class—the unemployed and single-parent families—pay for the state’s economic crisis, one made worse by the ongoing military offensive against the Palestinians which has brought investment and tourism almost to a halt."
	sf.indymedia.org /print.php?id=140010 (501 words)

	Israel's poor lost in political fray \| csmonitor.com
		TEL AVIV, ISRAEL – It is the high season for Israeli party politics, but the campaign is far from the mind of Etti Avraham, a divorced mother of two who lives in the Shapira slum area of Tel Aviv.
		The lack of attention, even in Israel, to the lopsided battle between left-wing activists and government economists points to the extent to which even social emergencies continue to take a back seat to security issues.
		Yogev argues that the deficit must be tackled head on lest Israel's credit rating fall, with grave repercussions for the economy as a whole.
	www.csmonitor.com /2002/1121/p06s01-wome.html (1201 words)

	TIME.com: Defying the World -- Feb. 18, 1957 -- Page 1
		Although this lone stand spawned the prospect of canceled U.S. aid and more austerity at home, Israel was in a state of patriotic excitement unparalleled since Israel's independence was proclaimed in 1948.
		The Israeli defiance was fateful not only for Israel and the Middle East, but for the U.S., the U.N. and for world peace.
		The U.N. General Assembly had passed a U.S. compromise resolution calling on Secretary-General Hammarskjold to station U.N. Emergency Force units at the border trouble spots "in consultation with the parties concerned." But the Israelis protested that this only gave Nasser a veto over any UNEF moves.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,809104,00.html (642 words)

	austerity - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Austerity : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
		Phrases that include austerity: austerity in israel, conspicuous austerity
		Words similar to austerity: asceticism, austerities, nonindulgence, rigor, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=austerity (181 words)

	TIME.com: Amends to the Jews -- Mar. 30, 1953 -- Page 1
		The vote (238 to 34, with 86 abstaining) was unique: for the first time in Bonn's history the opposition Social Democrats supported a major proposal by Adenauer's conservative Christian Democratic government (in fact, the Social Democrats did more to ensure the bill's passage than Adenauer's own coalition, which was responsible for most of the abstentions).
		Under the agreement, austerity-pinched Israel will receive $715 million in goods during the next 12 to 14 years; the remaining $107 million will go to Jewish refugee organizations.
		The first shipment of textiles, leather goods, optical equipment, farm machinery and building supplies starts for Israel April 1.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,818041,00.html (592 words)

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