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Topic: Australian contribution to the 2003 Gulf War

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Australian contribution to the 2003 invasion of Iraq

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	Australian contribution to the 2003 invasion of Iraq in TutorGig Encyclopedia
		The Australian Government was a strong and (on the public record at least) uncritical supporter of United States policy during the Iraq disarmament crisis and one of only four nations to commit combat forces to the 2003 invasion of Iraq in any substantial numbers, under the operational codename 'Operation Falconer'.
		Prior to the outbreak of war the Australian naval force in the Persian Gulf continued to enforce the sanctions against Iraq.
		During 2003 and 2004 the Australian Government is reported to have refused requests from the United States and United Nations to increase Australia's contribution to the Multinational force in Iraq through taking over the responsibility for providing security to a sector of Iraq.
	www.tutorgig.com /ed/Australian_contribution_to_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq (2364 words)

	Australian contribution to the 2003 invasion of Iraq - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Australian Government was a strong and uncritical supporter of United States policy during the Iraq disarmament crisis and one of only three nations to commit combat forces to the 2003 invasion of Iraq in any substantial numbers, under the operational codename Operation Falconer.
		Australian troops in the Korean War were well regarded and amongst the most effective in that conflict, despite the small size of the commitment (between one and three infantry brigades were deployed, along with some naval and other assets).
		Their ability to affect the course of the war in a significant way is limited by the different and relatively restrictive rules of engagement that the Australian Government has mandated and severely limited by their numbers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Australian_contribution_to_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq (1836 words)

	2003 Invasion of Iraq (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Note that the 2003 invasion was commonly called at the time the "Iraq War." This term is also commonly used to refer to Occupation of Iraq, 2003-2004 continuing hostilities in that country under military and civil occupation, though the U.S. government uses the term "insurgency" to refer to "non-official" opposition forces.
		Many hoped that the war could act as a catalyst for democracy and peace in the Middle East, and that once Iraq became democratic and prosperous other nations would quickly follow suit, and thus the social environment that allowed terrorism to flourish would be eliminated.
		After the war, information began to emerge about several failed Iraqi peace initiatives, including offers as extensive as allowing 5,000 FBI agents in to search the country for weapons of mass destruction, support for the US-backed Roadmap For Peace, and the abdication of Saddam Hussein to be replaced under UN elections.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/2/2003-Invasion-of-Iraq.htm (8110 words)

	Australian contribution to the 2003 invasion of Iraq - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - ...
		Australian contribution to the 2003 invasion of Iraq
		The Australian government was a strong and uncritical supporter of United States policy during the Iraq disarmament crisis and one of only three nations to commit combat forces to the 2003 invasion of Iraq in any substantial numbers, under the operational codename Operation Falconer.
		Australian forces committed to the conflict included include three Royal Australian Navy ships, 150 special forces troops, P-3 Orion patrol and C-130 Hercules transport aircraft, and RAAF 75 Squadron equipped with 14 F/A-18 Hornet fighters.
	www.music.us /education/A/Australian-contribution-to-the-2003-invasion-of-Iraq.htm (1877 words)

	Australian PM Suffers Historic Censure for Sending Troops to Gulf
		It was the first time in the 102 year history of the Australian parliament that the upper house has censured a serving prime minister with a vote of no confidence.
		Howard's conservative Liberal-National government was also censured in the motion, which condemned its decision to deploy troops to the Gulf without reference to parliament and contrary to public opinion.
		But Lackey supported Downer's insistence that his comments had related only to Australia's contribution to the UN multinational naval interception force in the Gulf for 10 years.
	www.commondreams.org /headlines03/0205-06.htm (673 words)

	Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In early January 2003, the Australian Government directed elements of the ADF to pre-deploy to the Middle East to help apply pressure on the Iraqi regime to comply with United Nations’ Resolutions, and to prepare for possible operations should they be necessary.
		The ADF’s contribution to the coalition may not have been large as a proportion of the total, but the achievements of its defence forces were outstanding.
		Op CATALYST is the ADF's post-conflict contribution to the Australian whole-of-government effort to assist with the rehabilitation of Iraq and its transition to self-government.
	www.centcom.mil /operations/Coalition/Coalition_pages/australia.htm (1338 words)

	'Operation Bastille': Forces and Likely Tasks for Australia's Contribution to the War in Iraq
		This could be the first time since World War II that Australian forces move to participate in a military conflict without either UN Security Council backing, or the invitation of a properly established government (as was the case in Malaya, the Indonesian Confrontation, Vietnam and East Timor).
		The composition of the Australian contingent suggests that these forces will be employed in the southern front of the war, most likely in the area of the city of al-Basra and the Shatt-al-Arab Seaway which links this important port city to the Persian Gulf.
		Details of Australia's actual military contribution were foreshadowed by the Prime Minister in his press conference of 10 January 2003 and later specified by the Minister for Defence on 22 January and 1 February 2003.
	www.aph.gov.au /LIBRARY/Pubs/cib/2002-03/03Cib11.htm (1911 words)

	CNN.com - Australian forces at frontlines - Mar. 24, 2003
		All of Australia's 2,000-strong military contingent to the Gulf under Operation Falconer were "safe and well," Hill said, adding the troops "continue to play a vital part" in the U.S.-led campaign in Iraq.
		Australian Special Forces were operating deep inside Iraq, McNarn said, and included a squadron from the Special Air Service (SAS) regiment, commandos, helicopters and an incident response team.
		In other maritime operations, the Australian navy was working with the United States to clear the port of Umm Qasr in preparation for humanitarian aid shipments.
	cnn.com /2003/WORLD/meast/03/24/sprj.irq.australia/index.html (616 words)

	Rethinking Schools Online - Teacher Organization's Resolutions Against the War
		In view of US, British and Australian attempts to pre-empt and unduly influence UN processes, the Australian vessels currently enforcing the blockade on Iraq should be withdrawn immediately so as to avoid any implication that Australian forces are in any way involved in a manipulated pre-emptive strike.
		The Australian Education Union is asked to develop support for its Annual Conference resolution on this issue from teacher unions around the world with a view to having a firm and clear anti-war message delivered to Governments and the United Nations from the international teacher community.
		Such that the rush to war in Iraq by the Coalition Government will be rejected overwhelmingly by the Australian community and will mark the Coalition forever as unfit to govern Australia and lead to its removal at the next Federal election.
	www.rethinkingschools.org /war/groups/australia02.shtml (908 words)

	2003 - Center for Media and Democracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Round-the-clock coverage of the war in Iraq has eclipsed a host of bad-news stories from the rest of the world, including a massacre in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Israeli killings and detentions in the West Bank, and a crackdown on dissidents in Cuba.
		She recently worked with Hill and Knowlton, the public relations firm heavily involved in Gulf War I, and prior to that she was president of Bozell Eskew Advertising, an issue advocacy and corporate communications company.
		Australian cameraman Paul Moran, who was killed by a suicide bomber on March 20, had worked for the Rendon Group, a Washington-based PR firm currently being used by the Pentagon, the Adelaide Advertiser reports.
	www.prwatch.org /spin/April_2003.html (9270 words)

	Australian Special Forces Praised For 'Crucial' Role in War -- 04/04/2003
		The conservative government committed Australian troops to the war in the face of considerable public opposition - which polls show has eased since the operation began - and despite the official opposition Labor Party's refusal to endorse the decision.
		This is the first time Australian forces have participated in a war without bipartisan backing from the country's parliament.
		Hawke was prime minister during the 1991 Gulf War and sent Australian forces to fight then, but he said there were key differences between that war and the current one.
	www.cnsnews.com /ViewPrint.asp?Page=\ForeignBureaus\archive\200304\FOR20030404a.html (556 words)

	Australian troops on rocky war path - smh.com.au
		Australian troops today begin heading for the Persian Gulf as divisions at home and in the United Nations widen over the US push to launch a military strike on Iraq if Saddam Hussein does not quickly prove he has disarmed.
		Two Australian P3-C Orion reconnaissance planes and two navy frigates are already in the Gulf region, helping enforce UN sanctions and protecting ships from terrorist attack.
		The Minister for Defence, Robert Hill, said the decision to send troops before a UN resolution on a war against Iraq was "for the safety of the forces, for them to be able to guarantee their professional best".
	www.smh.com.au /articles/2003/01/22/1042911438959.html (570 words)

	Arms Control Association: Arms Control Today: U.S. Might Use Landmines In Iraq; Future Policy Unclear
		During the 1991 Persian Gulf War, U.S. forces employed approximately 118,000 landmines—both APLs and mixed systems that comprise both anti-tank and anti-personnel components—for several intended purposes, including protecting the flanks of U.S. forces, restricting Iraqi troop movements, and frustrating the freedom of movement of Iraq’s mobile Scud missile launchers.
		Whether U.S. landmine use in the 1991 Gulf War had any effect on the Iraqi military is uncertain, according to a September 2002 report by the General Accounting Office (GAO), which does studies and investigations for Congress.
		At the time of the 1991 Gulf War, landmines were considered by most countries to be legitimate weapons of war.
	www.armscontrol.org /act/2003_04/landmines_apr03.asp (952 words)

	Allied Contributions to the Common Defense - 2003 - Chapter 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This is demonstrated through Australia's consistent military contributions to coalition operations, close cooperation across the spectrum of defense and security activities, contributions to stability in the region, and its increasingly prominent role in global security issues.
		In 2001-2002 (the Australian fiscal year runs from July to June) the Australian Department of Defense received its first installment of $262 million from the $14.7 billion in increased defense funding which the government has committed to spend over the next decade as laid out in Australian's 2000 White Paper on defense.
		Moreover, the Australian Defense Force also contributed to peacekeeping operations beyond the region in 2002, providing a total of 66 Australian troops to NATO peace operations in the Balkans, and UN operations in Cyprus, the Sinai Peninsula, the West Bank, and on the Ethiopia-Eritria border.
	www.defenselink.mil /pubs/allied_contrib2003/Allied2003_Chap_2.html (9098 words)

	IslamOnline - Views Section (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In an earlier study entitled Child and Maternal Mortality Survey 1999 Preliminary Report, published by UNICEF in 1999, it was determined that 500,000 children under the age of 5 perished between 1991 and 1999.
		The unfettered support for economic sanctions that have at least partially contributed to the deaths of nearly one million Iraqis, and continuous deadly coalition air strikes led primarily by the United States, do not constitute “patient and honorable” efforts to disarm Iraq.
		The “Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May be Deemed to be Excessively Injurious of to Have Indiscriminate Effects” prohibits the use of “incendiary weapons” such as chemical and biological weapons on the civilian population.
	www.islamonline.net /English/Views/2003/03/article11.shtml (2283 words)

	Government Deploys RAAF To Middle East [February 1, 2003]
		As foreshadowed by the Prime Minister on 10 January 2003, the Government has now decided to forward deploy Royal Australian Air Force elements to the Middle East to prepare for a potential military campaign against Iraq should military action become necessary.
		We don't rule that out and in the past Australians contributed to such forces within the Gulf regions, contributed to forces against Iraq, and it may well do so again in the future, but that is a decision for the Government at that appropriate time.
		For operation reasons we don't announce their basing and as I indicated before the hosts actually request that we don't announce it also, they prefer that it not be stated publicly, so we meet that reasonable request.
	www.australianpolitics.com /news/2003/02/03-02-01.shtml (2194 words)

	Typical NY Post nonsense \| Prometheus 6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		George Bush is using Iraq to justify continuing the "War on Terror" and using "War on Terror" to justify controlling Iraq.
		Coalition forces have made important contributions in the war against terrorism across the spectrum of operations.
		Particular contributions include, but are not limited to, providing vital intelligence, personnel, equipment and assets for use on the ground, air and sea.
	www.prometheus6.org /node/6788 (1062 words)

	User:Tannin
		Wedge-tailed Eagle, Buzzards, bronzewing pigeons, Brolga, Pelecaniformes, Pelican, Australian Pelican, Ciconiiformes, Threskiornithidae,
		Australian placentals: hopping mice, Fawn Hopping Mouse, Dusky Hopping Mouse, Spinifex Hopping Mouse, Dingo.
		Described the first half of the Pacific War in World War II, worked on strategic bombing.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ta/Tannin___grounded.html (750 words)

	Remarks by the Vice President to the Heritage Foundation
		During the Cold War, Heritage was a staunch supporter of two of the policies that helped save the free world from the spread of communism: the doctrines of containment and deterrence.
		Having been involved in planning and waging the Persian Gulf War in 1991, I can say with some authority that this campaign has displayed vastly improved capabilities that we did not have a dozen years ago.
		Although he realized there were some 250,000 coalition forces stationed in the Gulf on the eve of the war, he seems to have assumed there was ample time to destroy the oil wells that he had already rigged to explode, and to destroy the bridges and the dams that he wired.
	www.whitehouse.gov /news/releases/2003/05/20030501-9.html (2076 words)

	NPR : Analysis Which U.S. Allies Are Lending Support To The Upcoming War Effort
		The Australian ambassador to the United States, Michael Thawley, summarized his country's contribution to the buildup in an interview yesterday on C-SPAN.
		Retired Major General Robert Scales, who wrote the official Army history of the Gulf War, says broad coalition support was more essential in 1991 when the United States was unable on its own to position forces against Saddam Hussein.
		In 1991, Scales says, Saddam Hussein saw the size of the Gulf War coalition and was a vulnerability for the United States and its allies.
	www.npr.org /programs/morning/transcripts/2003/jan/030128.gjelten.html (921 words)

	New Australian War Memorial Hyde Pk Cnr
		On Remembrance Day 2003 (85 years after it was first suggested) Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II and the Prime Minister of Australia, the Right Honourable John Howard, opened the memorial in Hyde Park London that commemorates the service of Australian service personnel of 2 World Wars.
		There are 24,000 place names on this stunning memorial, a living record of where all Australians who served had enlisted from.
		The Australian National Anthem was sung on the day by this lady, Australian born soprano, Yvonne Kenny.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-memorials/hyde-park.htm (641 words)

	A force to be reckoned with (Australia) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		With 2000 Australian troops, together with frigates and fighter jets being deployed to the Persian Gulf, Australia is the only country that has so far offered substantial military units to fight alongside Great Britain and the US in the liberation of Iraq.
		Australian forces are likely to not only play a role in any military action against Iraq, but also in a postwar security operation.
		Australian involvement in such a high-profile operation will considerably enhance Canberra's standing on the international stage, and mark it out as a serious player in postwar Iraqi reconstruction.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/news/860983/posts (1157 words)

	Australian involvement in the Gulf War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This chapter is not meant to be a comprehensive or definitive account of Australia’s Gulf War involvement, rather it covers the information of most relevance to the study and more comprehensive details can be found in other literature.
		The ADF deployed 1871 personnel to the Gulf according to the Nominal Roll for the Gulf War. There were no Australian deaths during the war.
		Following the Gulf War, DVA compiled a Nominal Roll of all Defence Force personnel who served in the operations listed above. The Nominal Roll includes people who were on permanent posting and temporary attachment.
	www.dva.gov.au /media/publicat/2003/gulfwarhs/html/ch2.htm (2071 words)

	India
		The trial in the case of People's War Group (PWG) guerrillas charged with the 2001 killing of human rights activist Purushotham was ongoing at year's end.
		Missionaries and religious organizations must comply with the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act (FCRA), which restricts funding from abroad and, therefore, the ability of certain groups to finance their activities.
		In addition, the NHRC was directed to contribute to the establishment, growth, and functioning of human rights NGOs.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2003/27947.htm (17496 words)

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