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Topic: Australian Federation

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	Federation of Australia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A serious movement for federation of the colonies arose in the late 1880s, at a time when there was increasing nationalism amongst Australians, the great majority of whom were native born.
		Federation had the potential to ensure that throughout the continent, trade and commerce would be unaffected by protectionism and measurement and transport would be standardised.
		In 1895 a proposal was accept by the premiers of the Australian colonies to establish a new Convention by popular vote, with the resulting draft of the constitution being submitted to the electors in each colony in a referendum.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Australian_federation (2322 words)

	Australian Unity - Company History
		With its concern for Australian interests and its vision of a country united by Federation, it attracted men with a sense of Australian destiny, many of whom were to rise to positions of national significance.
		The achievement of Federation became Association policy in 1883 and there are several early references to Federation and the ANA in the journal, "The Australian Native".
		Australian Federation: Lecture on The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia Bill, as adopted by The National Australasian Convention at Sydney, 9th April 1891.
	www.australianunity.com.au /au/info/federation.asp (901 words)

	Australian Unity: Centenary of Federation Website: The role of Australian Unity
		Consisting of first-generation Australian men, the ANA was established to progress their rights and interests in a society where the interests of England dominated.
		The first Australasian Federation Conference drafted a Constitution, but, as it had no provision for legal enactment, coupled with the the lack of public interest, meant that for the time being, the Constitution was put aside and little progress was made for the next three years.
		The debate on Federation had reached a critical stage and on the eve of the Association's Annual Conference in Bendigo in March 1898, the ANA's Board of Directors met to discuss the draft Constitution Bill in detail and resolved to urge delegates to support the Bill unanimously.
	www.australianunity.com.au /au/cofederation/aurole.asp (1624 words)

	Oz I.D. - Federation 1901 teacher notes
		Australian delegates went to London with a Bill that included the Constitution, there were some further amendments, and legislation was enacted in British parliament in 1900.
		Nearly 40% of all qualified voters around the Australian colonies expressed no opinion on the adoption of the Australian Constitution, while more than a third of those who did vote on it, were opposed to its adoption.
		Many Australians at federation really did believe that Australia was to be safeguarded from the "coloured races" that surrounded our shores and wanted to invade us, and that there task was to pass on to the next generation their "white heritage."
	www.boardofstudies.nsw.edu.au /archives/ozid/federation1901_1.html (3645 words)

	Inter-Lace : Federation
		The scene at the Federation Pavilion in Sydney's Centennial Park on 1 January 1901 as Queen Victoria's Letters Patent were read to the crowds witnessing the founding of the Commonwealth of Australia with the appointment of Lord Hopetoun as Governor-General.
		Australians now have a draft constitution but it is not adopted by the colonial parliaments.
		WA votes to join the Federation of Australian States and is added to the Royal Assent documents after the Queen as already signed them.
	members.ozemail.com.au /~slacey/federation.htm (1091 words)

	Federation Story
		The history of Federation, the peaceful transition from colonies to Commonwealth and the major events that established the Commonwealth and shaped the nation are examined here in Federation Story.
		There are many Australias, many Australian pasts and many ways of looking at history and we can't present them all here.
		Federation Story is intended as an overview to illuminate the larger picture and tell the wider story of Federation.
	www.abc.net.au /federation/fedstory/home.htm (387 words)

	Australian Flag; it's origins & history
		Shortly before the opening of the first Federal Parliament it was decided to hold a worldwide competition to obtain designs for two Australian flags - one for official and naval purposes and the other for the Merchant Navy service.
		Australian merchant vessels were to continue to fly the Commonwealth Red Ensign.
		The Australian White Ensign and the Ensign of the RAAF are ensigns (junior flags) to the Australian National Flag not the Union Jack.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-flags/australian_flag.htm (1451 words)

	Numismatics - Australia - A guide to Australian pre-decimal coins
		For example, all Australian Commonwealth coins have the date on the reverse whereas in the U.S.A. the date is on the obverse.
		Much research on the master die varieties of Australian pre-decimal bronze coinage has been undertaken by Paul Holland whose summary article enumerating the obverse and reverse die pairings in Australian pennies can be found in the library of the Australian Numismatic Society.
		Australian pre-decimal coins have a strong British heritage and a study of British coinage can be rewarding.
	www.triton.vg /ozcoins.html (3178 words)

	The Learning Federation
		The Le@rning Federation (TLF) is an exciting and innovative project that employs emerging technologies to produce world-class online curriculum content to encourage student learning and support teachers in Australian and New Zealand schools.
		TLF is an initiative of the state, territory and federal governments of Australia and New Zealand.
		Grade four students from Marsden State School in Queensland were a highlight of the display, capturing the interest of the Federal Minister for Education, the Hon Julie Bishop and the state and territory Education Ministers as they presented TLF content using an electronic whiteboard.
	www.thelearningfederation.edu.au /tlf (389 words)

	Australian Federation Flag - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Australian Federation Flag, also known as the New South Wales Ensign, was the result of an 1830s attempt to create a flag to represent Australia as a nation.
		Like the Colonial Flag, the Federation Flag features a combination of the Union Jack and the Southern Cross, but the cross is blue, not red, and there are five stars, not four.
		In the 1880s and early 1890s it was used as a symbol of the political movement towards Federation, with groups like the Australian Natives Association and the Australian Federation League using it to promote national consciousness of their push for Federation, under the slogan "One People, One Destiny, One Flag".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Australian_Federation_Flag (443 words)

	Federation
		The Federation Kiosk, Centennial Park, Sydney at the Proclamation of Federation, 1 January 1901.
		Henry Parkes is often called the 'Father of Federation' for his role as a long time agitator for the cause.
		By the time the Commonwealth of Australia was inaugurated on 1 January 1901, the Australian people had embraced the idea and turned out in their thousands for celebrations all over the new nation.
	www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au /articles/federation (1100 words)

	New South Wales Ensign/Federation Flag (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The 'Australian Ensign' ultimately became the symbol of the federation movement, which gained momentum in the 1880s and 1890s, and was used by such groups as the Australian Natives Association and the Australian Federation League.
		The design was revived as a land flag in the late 1880's by political groups supporting federation of the colonies and it was used as an unofficial national flag in parts of Australia until the current flag was adopted in 1903.
		It can't be a combination of the UJ and the Eureka flag since the "Federation Flag" already existed in 1832 as the NSW Ensign, while the Eureka flag wasn't devised until 1854.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/au_nswff.html (1004 words)

	Australian Federation of Air Pilots
		The Australian Federation of Air Pilots operates as both a trade union and a professional association of all air pilots in Australia.
		The President and Principal Officers of the Federation are operating pilots elected by all financial members through a secret postal ballot conducted by the Electoral Commission.
		In summary, the Australian Federation of Air Pilots primary responsibility is to directly represent in industrial matters all pilots making a living out of flying in Australia other than Military and Qantas (mainline) pilots.
	www.afap.org.au /html/s12_content/default.asp?tnid=10&dsb=0 (417 words)

	[No title]
		The Australian Ju-jitsu Federation (AJF) through the Australian Sports Commission is recognised by the Australian Government and administers the 'National Coaching Accreditation Scheme' (NCAS) for all Ju-jitsu instructor's.
		The AJF is actually a Federation of Jujutsu organisations and has provided representation throughout Australia since the 1950s.
		If you are a teacher or instructor within Australia and your school is not a member of the Federation we would welcome the opportunity to discuss in more detail the benefits of membership and look forward to hearing from you.
	www.jujitsu.com.au (269 words)

	Revenues in need of reappraisal \| Alan Wood \| The Australian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		DEBATE about reform of the Australian federation is a pretty well-worn track, with many familiar landmarks but no agreed destination.
		Since Federation, the story has been one of the steady erosion of state financial independence and powers, as the commonwealth government, aided and abetted by a centralist High Court, has expanded its financial dominance and policy reach.
		In a report commissioned by the NSW Government (Benchmarking Australia's Intergovernmental Fiscal Arrangements, June 2006), tax expert Neil Warren noted that the states have increasing expenditure responsibilities that will be exacerbated with an ageing population, while the sources of revenue under their control are diminishing.
	www.theaustralian.news.com.au /story/0,20867,19760422-31478,00.html (994 words)

	South Australian Photographic Federation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The South Australian Photographic Federation (SAPF) was formed on the 1st February, 1962 to encourage and promote amateur photography in SA.
		The Federation provides activities and services to support and enhance the activities of the clubs, as well as direct activities to support photography in South Australia.
		The activities of the Federation are co-ordinated by the SAPF Management Committee, a group of up to 12 persons elected annually by two delegates from each of the affiliated clubs.
	www.sapf.org.au (151 words)

	ausfencing.org - Australian Fencing Federation
		Attached is the official, May 2006 selection system employed by the Selection Commission in its selection of Australian individuals and teams for all international events.
		On behalf of the Australian fencing community, we congratulate the selected team members on this significant achievement and wish each of them, and the entire Australian Team, the very best for the Championships.
		On behalf of the Australian Fencing community, the AFF congratulates the selected team members on this significant achievement in their Fencing careers and wishes each of them the very best for the Championships.
	www.ausfencing.org (388 words)

	Subject Guide - Centenary of Federation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Australian Constitution, as altered to 30 April 1991 together with Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942, Australian Act 1986 and an introduction and outline
		Australian federation towards the second century: a work to mark the centenary of the Australian Federation Conference.
		Federation of a nation commemorating the centenary of Federation 1901-2001
	www.dcdsca.nt.gov.au /dcdsca/intranet.nsf/pages/ntl_guides_federation (484 words)

	Australian Confederation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Australians should still consider it necessary that their chief magistrate be
		federation, and why he should be the first one sent for to form a cabinet no
		Minister of Education, was appointed Federal Postmaster-General, and in a
	www.history-world.org /australian_confederation.htm (2318 words)

	Chinese Heritage of Australian Federation Project - Exhibition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Chinese Australians also took a stronger interest in Australian civic life, campaigning against discrimination and racism, and supporting justice and equality for all Australians.
		One hundred years since Liang Qichao's tour, and one hundred years since the birth of the Australian nation, this exhibition celebrates the contribution of Chinese communities to the development of Australia, and their role in fostering cultural, commercial and social links between China and Australia over the past century.
		The Australian government's National Council for the Centenary of Federation.
	www.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au /exhibition.htm (1313 words)

	National Archives of Australia - The Collection - Federation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		At the Federal Convention, Adelaide, March 1897, the drafting of the Australian Constitution was entrusted to three lawyers shown here: Edmund Barton (standing), John Downer (left) and Richard O’Connor.
		A comprehensive online guide that tells you where records on Federation are held throughout Australia and includes a selection of documents and images.
		A thematic approach to the story of the birth of the nation.
	www.naa.gov.au /the_collection/federation.html (254 words)

	Free Essay History speech (Australian Federation)
		Four issues in Australian history are discussed: the changes in the roles and lives of women; some of the notable persons in the 20th cen...
		We can stand proud and say that we are Australian, as a country and not as states that are ruled by Britain’s law.
		It is time for all Australians to come together as a nation and be known as Australia and stand proud and united as one.
	www.echeat.com /essay.php?t=28624 (493 words)

	Australian Federation of Disability Organisations \|
		On Sunday, December 3rd, the 1 in 5 Australians who have a disability celebrated the achievements and accomplishments gained since the International Year of the Disabled Person twenty five years ago.
		The Australian Federation of Disability Organisations would like to hear the views of people with disability on the adequacy of supports and assistance available to them.
		The CSTDA is an agreement between the Federal, State and Territory governments about the way that services for people with disability are provided.
	www.afdo.org.au (377 words)

	Australian Speleological Federation
		Formed in 1956, it is a national organisation consisting of about 30 clubs and 850 individuals, where each full-member club has votes on the governing Council according to its size.
		Between the annual Council Meetings, the Federation is governed by an elected Executive.
		As an Environmental Organisation, the Federation maintains a Public Fund to support its environmental objectives, donations to which are tax-deductible.
	www.caves.org.au (186 words)

	Australian History
		This video traces the growth of Australian democracy from the first European settlement in 1788 to the declaration of Federation on January 1, 1901.
		The video is ideal for students aged 14 and older and can be either used to provide a background to studies in nineteenth century Australian history, or as a detailed examination for studies of Australian federation.
		Noel Pearson, narrator of the video Dhuway, was involved with the drafting of the Mabo legislation which passed the Federal Government in 1993 establishing the rights of Aborigines and Torris Strait Islander peoples to their traditional lands.
	www.astarte.com.au /html/australian_history.html (1801 words)

	Australian Culinary Federation Home Page
		The Australian Culinary Federation is the national organization representing professional Chefs, Cooks and Apprentices.
		Australian Culinary Federation membership provides members access to our vast network via the intrinsic web we weave, through state chapters, regional groups, social events, competitions, and interest groups, allows all members to network with colleagues and participate in the federations work.
		Nothing surpasses the friendships, the relationships, the creativity, the personal development, career opportunities and the satisfaction of being among a group of comparable people who have chosen The Australian Culinary Federation as there own.
	www.austculinary.com.au (150 words)

	Australian Federation Biscuits - Allrecipes
		"This year is the Centenary of Federation of Australia, and this recipe was provided by the great-granddaughter of Henry and Isabella Parkes (your equivalent of a first lady).
		His class was studying Australia and he wanted an Australian dish for the potluck.
		When you are baking these cookies, the wonderful aroma just permeates throughout the whole house.
	allrecipes.com /recipe/australian-federation-biscuits/detail.aspx (261 words)

	Federation home
		The transition from colonies to Commonwealth and major issues that shaped the nation are explored in the Federation Story.
		The Salvation Army's Australian Film Unit documented Federation and set the pace in the pre-hollywood days of the film industry.
		ABC programs with a Centenary of Federation focus are listed by date and network in the Program Guide.
	www.abc.net.au /federation (123 words)

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