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Topic: Australian history before 1901

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History of Australia before 1901

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Torres Strait

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	Constitutional history of Australia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Before 1927, King George V reigned as king in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the Irish Free State, South Africa, etc., each of these states, in effect, as dominions, amounting to a subset of the United Kingdom.
		Whereas before 1927, it was correct in law to talk about the British monarch reigning in the dominions, after 1927, there was technically a 'King of Australia', etc., even if that title was never used formally, with the only link being that that monarch was British and resident outside the Commonwealth of Australia.
		The elections of the Australian Labor Party in 1972 and 1974 under its leader Gough Whitlam led to several constitutional issues being tested.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Australian_Constitutional_History (1629 words)

	Encyclopedia: History of Australia before 1901 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In the tradition of the Australian Aborigines, the history of the continent begins with what is called the Dreamtime, the creation myth that tells of the forming of the region's creatures as well as its geography.
		The "Australian compact", based around centralised industrial arbitration, a degree of government assistance particularly for primary industries, and White Australia, was to continue for many years before gradually dissolving in the second half of the 20th century.
		Attitudes towards indigenous Australians during the period varied from the outright armed hostility seen in earlier times to a paternalistic "smoothing the pillow" policy, designed to "civilise" the last remnants of what was seen as a dying race (see White Man's Burden).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/History-of-Australia-before-1901 (9981 words)

	The Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History:
		Australian nationalism was slower to cut the umbilical cord to Britain, a tendency attributed by Fred Alexander to Australia's greater ethnic homogeneity and isolation that encouraged persistence of Anglophone feeling.
		Before examining the writings of Australian historians on South Africa, it is germane to consider the broader intellectual framework.
		Contemporary history is always a difficult task for an historian to write,95 but he had already confronted this in his 1943 study of Australia's role in World War II96 and in earlier works on North American and European political history.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /~anzau/journal/articles/limb.htm (7592 words)

	Society of Australian Genealogists - Basics on Australian history sources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Focusing on both political and social history this is a detailed and useful introduction to Australian history.
		Many of these histories were commissioned by the municipal authority and contain information about civic life, major social and sporting organisations, as well as advertisements from local businesses.
		Include histories of churches, lodges, sporting groups, progress associations and special interest groups, even if not obviously relevant to your ancestor, as all such histories can provide a broad historical context to the development of your ancestral area.
	www.sag.org.au /ozsources/history.htm (1430 words)

	Encyclopedia: Australian history before 1901 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It is likely that the Chinese have had some knowledge of Australia since the 13th century or before.
		Perhaps the most famous Australian explorers were Robert O'Hara Burke and William John Wills who in 1860-61 led a well equipped expedition from Melbourne to the Gulf of Carpentaria.
		Their fears were partly justified, with the Selection Acts of the 1860s beginning the slow breakup of the squattocracy in Australia's more settled areas.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Australian-history-before-1901 (3750 words)

	Australian History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This was also a turning point in Australian history as the nation looked to closer ties with the USA and Asia as postwar Britain began to form closer ties with Europe.
		A truly international football sport, the Australian 'Wallabies' are one of the best Rugby Union football teams in the world having defeated in recent times, South Africa, England and the New Zealand 'All Blacks' (NZ have for a long time been considered the best and most ruthless Rugby Union nation in the world).
		The most legendary horse is the history of Australian Horse Racing is without a doubt the New Zealand born and Melbourne Cup winner, Phar Lap who won 14 races in a row in 1930-31 during a time of great hardship in Australia.
	www.showroom.com.au /aushistory.htm (8042 words)

	History - Australian history
		Before the fees were reduced, a small band of miners staged an uprising at the Eureka stockade at Ballarat in December 1854.
		Australian fears of incursion from the north by Europeans (as distinct from Britons) and Asians, first triggered during the 1850s by the Crimean War, provided the spur for the first practical step towards unification in the 1880s.
		Australians expected the 1920s and 1930s to reflect a new nationalism in international affairs; yet they themselves tended to reassert their provincialism both within the League of Nations and the Commonwealth of Nations.
	www.australianaustralia.com /page/History/238 (8154 words)

	Australia -> History on Encyclopedia.com 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Exploration, begun before the first settlement was founded, was continued by such men as Matthew Flinders (1798), Count Paul Strzelecki (1839), Ludwig Leichhardt (1848), and John McDouall Stuart (first to cross the continent, 1862).
		Confederation of the separate Australian colonies did not come until a constitution, drafted in 1897-98, was approved by the British parliament in 1900.
		It was put into operation in 1901; under its terms, the colonies of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania, all of which had by then been granted self-government, were federated in the Commonwealth of Australia.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/australi_history.asp (1204 words)

	Australian Social History 1919-2000
		An appeal against a grading decision or a request that work be remarked must be made within six months of the release of results for the unit of study, except in exceptional circumstances.
		The Department of History requires satisfactory class attendance as part of participation in a unit of study.
		Before handing work in, read the History Department's Short Guide to the Writing and Presentation of Papers and Essays to ensure that your work conforms to the Department's requirements.
	teaching.arts.usyd.edu.au /history/hsty2014/courseinfo.html (2164 words)

	The Colonial Period 1788 - 1901
		Despite the preponderance of British troops in the Australian colonies, colonial military forces were maintained from as early as December 1788, when the commandant of Norfolk Island, Phillip Gidley King, ordered his free male settlers (numbering six) to practise musketry on Saturdays.
		Not until 1854 were volunteer corps and militia again formed in the Australian colonies, but news of war between Britain and Russia in the Crimea led to the establishment of volunteer corps in some colonies and the formation of informal rifle clubs in others.
		Aboriginal Australians were unable to restrain – though in places they did delay – the tide of European settlement; although resistance in one form or another never ceased, the conflict ended in their dispossession.
	www.awm.gov.au /atwar/colonial.htm (1468 words)

	Ancient heritage, modern society - Australia in Brief - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
		Before the arrival of European settlers, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples inhabited most areas of the Australian continent.
		The Commonwealth of Australia was formed in 1901 through the federation of six states under a single constitution.
		In 1967 the Australian people voted overwhelmingly in a national referendum to give the federal government the power to pass legislation on behalf of Indigenous Australians and to include Indigenous Australians in future censuses.
	www.dfat.gov.au /aib/history.html (1436 words)

	Australian Flag Company
		His was the first recorded landing on the Australian east coast, and the act of raising the Union Flag at Botany Bay represented taking possession of the land in the name of the King.
		The Australian National Flag consists of a dark blue background (this was just the designers choice) with the Union Jack contained in the upper hoist (top left corner).
		The most dominant symbols in the Australian national Flag are the five stars of the Southern Cross.
	www.australianflag.biz /history.htm (778 words)

	National Archives of Australia - Family History - Armed Services - Personal Records (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Defence was one of the first functions to be passed to the new Commonwealth government from the former Australian colonies at Federation in 1901.
		Australian Joint Copying Project, a joint project of the National Library of Australia and the State Library of New South Wales, has information about British Units operating in colonial Australia.
		Australian Service Records from World War I for information about World War I service records, including an order form for purchasing copies of the records.
	www.naa.gov.au /the_collection/family_history/armed_services.html (1804 words)

	Christian History Research Institute (Australia) - Australian Explorers - Christian Founders - Christian Explorers - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Before them, stretching as far as their eyes could see, were the great western plains.
		In 1842, Sturt commented: "Let any man lay the map of Australia before him, and regard the blank upon its surface, and then let him ask him if it would not be an honourable achievement to be the first to place a foot in its centre".
		He was known for his ability to inspire and maintain the loyalty of his men (even under the most adverse conditions),[40] for his constant care for their welfare,[41] and for his conciliatory treatment of the natives.
	www.chr.org.au /sl/slhs10.html (5918 words)

	AUSTRALIAN HISTORY
		This history used the words of its employees to tell how the company grew to maturity during its 100 years.
		BUTLIN N.G. FITZGERALD and R.H. The Australian Economist 1888-1989.
		Published for the Economic Society of Australia and the Ecomomic History Society of Australia and New Zealand to commemorate the centenary of publication of the first Australian economics journal.
	www.bspgallery.com.au /aust.htm (1931 words)

	Significant ships in South Australia's maritime history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 1836 the Rapid was purchased by the South Australian Colonization Commissioners for the sum of 1700 and refitted for use as a surveying vessel.
		The Australian Salvage Board (later the Commonwealth Marine Salvage Board) was established in 1942 and five vessels were acquired from the USA under the Lend-Lease arrangements.
		She was sold to the Australian Commonwealth Government in 1939 for use by a projected Australian expedition to the Antarctic led by Sir Douglas Mawson, but World War II intervened, and she became a naval vessel for the duration.
	www.picknowl.com.au /homepages/malcolm/shippass.htm (11861 words)

	Australian History
		Even before Dampier made his landing the Portuguese explorer Torres had sailed through what would become the Torres Straits, establishing that Australia was an island separate from Papua New Guinea.
		Though the British government took action to try and break the grip of the officers on Australian society it was not until the discovery of gold in the 1850's that Australia really moved away from being a convict society.
		Ultimately however, a compromise was worked out and all the states agreed and on 1st January 1901, The Commonwealth of Australia was born and Australia became a united country for the first time in its history.
	www.uni-trier.de /uni/fb2/anglistik/region/AusLand/aushist.htm (1157 words)

	Australian History Mysteries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		They are introduced to a wide range of evidence in their investigations, and have to deal critically with the issue of the nature of evidence in history.
		Students can also see this as an interesting example of how history might be used to promote other social ends—the Victorian Government and the City of Warrnambool would welcome proof of the Portuguese discovery, as it would be a great tourist attraction to the area.
		The Voyage of the Endeavour, Allen and Unwin, Sydney.
	www.ryebuck.com.au /history_mysteries/study01.html (1471 words)

	MUP:Australian History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Volume 15 of the Australian Dictionary of Biography is the third of four to deal with the 1940-1980 period, recording the lives of Australians whom many of us remember from the recent past.
		The story of white Australians born in this land before 1850; most were the children of convicts, had no access to land and no education, and the free settlers generally treated them as second-rate.
		A vivid social, educational and cultural history of the University of Melbourne from 1850 to 1939.
	www.mup.unimelb.edu.au /catalogue/AustralianHistory.html (3716 words)

	Australia - Down Under. All things Aussie & Doggy, Australian history, culture and strine
		Aeons before the explorers made their landfall, the Aborigines took possession of the vast empty continent.
		They are believed to have travelled from Asia along transitory land bridges created by the rising and ebbing seas of the Ice Age.
		The inland climate was thought to be perfect for sheep and so the Australian wool industry was born.
	www.geocities.com /jendi2_2000/pottedhistory1.html (471 words)

	JCU - Indigenous Australian Family History Resources
		Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies.
		Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies: Family History Unit
		Other sites may be located by typing the words you are looking for into a search engine such as Google.
	www.library.jcu.edu.au /subjectgds/Fac1/LibGuides/indigfamhist.shtml (1149 words)

	George (Poddy) Aiston South Australian History
		Having returned safely from the Boer War in South Africa, George Aiston joined the South Australian Police Force in 1901.
		Jobs also included the maintenance and repairs of the police station which in 1916 was in a very bad state with water leaking through the roof and walls falling down.
		One of his greatest services as Honorary Consulting Anthropologist was the cataloguing of the Horne-Bowie Collection at the Australian Institute of Anatomy at Canberra.
	www.southaustralianhistory.com.au /aiston.htm (960 words)

	Australian History
		Exploration timeline - Australian land and sea exploration
		Australian History - Brief timeline Pre 1700 - 2000
		Covers popular culture, science, technology and the social and political history of the time.
	www.teachers.ash.org.au /jmresources/history/australian.html (231 words)

	Chinese Heritage of Australian Federation Project
		The Chinese Heritage of Australian Federation Project celebrates the contribution of Australia's Chinese communities to the early founding and subsequent development of Australia.
		It focuses on the private, community and public life of Australia's Chinese communities before and after Federation in 1901.
		Project outcomes include the recovery and presentation of historical materials and indexes concerning Chinese Australians, translation of Chinese-language historical documents, a world-wide web site, a travelling exhibition, and publications.
	www.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au (196 words)

	POSTAPRINT SITE INDEX: Antique maps prints and illustrated books. Atlases. Early geography and travel.
		BOWEN Emanuel - "The Natural History of England" - English County Maps by Bowen with scanned images and some background information - 1759.
		MAP HISTORY - A short introduction to the history of Map Making and how maps were made.
		WOODVILLE R. Caton - A brief History of the Life and Work of this famous, essentially, military artist.
	www.antiquemapsandprints.com /page0.htm (3628 words)

	history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Australia has two distinct periods in her history ~ the time before European settlement in 1788, and the years since then.
		Our indigenous people, the Aborigines, were hunters and gatherers who roamed this country for 60 000 years before Captain James Cook landed in Botany Bay in 1770 and claimed the land for England.
		During the 15th century, European explorers began great sea journeys in search of new lands and new riches and there was a race to see who would be the first to discover the mysterious "Great South Land" which many were convinced had to exist so that the planet would stay balanced.
	www.palmdps.act.edu.au /australia_online/history.htm (315 words)

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