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Topic: Australian plebiscite, 1917


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In the News (Wed 30 Dec 09)

  
  Australian referendum, 1967 (Aboriginals) - Biocrawler   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
It is frequently stated that the 1967 referendum gave Aboriginal people Australian citizenship and that it gave them the right to vote in federal elections.
Aboriginal people became Australian citizens in 1947, when a separate Australian citizenship was created for the first time (before that time all Australians were "British subjects").
Greater contact between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians, a growing population of educated and articulate Aborigines, and increased worldwide concern for human rights issues, especially racial discrimination, had all contributed to the increased concern.
biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Australian_referendum,_1967_(Aboriginals)   (2254 words)

  
 CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION - Tuesday, 10 February 1998
In relation to eligibility, the working party was of the opinion that the head of state must, firstly, be a citizen of Australia and, secondly, be eligible to vote in an election for the House of Representatives or the Senate at the time of his or her nomination.
Australians should not be penalised if they or their parents were born elsewhere.
Generations of Australians past and present have created a fantastic country, but it is not from the wording of our Constitution, however good those words may be, but from the way we as citizens put these words into practice.
www.australianpolitics.com /issues/republic/convention/10_02_2.shtml   (12178 words)

  
 Australian Conscription   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
A second plebiscite was held on December 20 1917, and was defeated by a greater margin.
Volunteers with the Australian Army scorned CMF conscripts as "chocolate soldiers", or "chockos", because they were barred from fighting overseas.
Australian Government Cabinet documents released by Australian National Archives in 2001 show that in 1970 the conservative Government were initially concerned about the growth of conscientious objection and outright opposition to the National Service Act.
australian-conscription.iqnaut.net   (1022 words)

  
 Timeline Germany 1917-1938
1917 Jan 5, Bulgarian and German troops occupied the Port of Braila in East Romania.
1917 Jan 10, Germany was rebuked as the Entente officially rejected a proposal for peace talks and demanded the return of occupied territories from Germany.
1917 Dec 11, The first declaration of independence was claimed by Lithuania and an economic and military union was established with Germany.
timelines.ws /countries/GERM1917_1938.HTML   (10160 words)

  
 The Australian Home Front during World War 1
As a result, Australian firms in industries such as steel-making and pharmaceuticals suddenly found themselves taking up contracts that had previously been filled by German rivals -- and fortunes were suddenly available to firms such as BHP and Nicholas.
Many Australians had strong ties to Ireland, and there was also a strong connection between the Roman Catholic religion and Ireland -- many of the Church’s priests, nuns and teaching staff were Irish born.
The deaths and casualties mounted; there seemed to be no substantial victories; the war seemed to be at a stalemate; the economic costs of the war continued to hurt many in the community; recruits now only trickled in where they had flowed in 1915 and 1916.
www.anzacday.org.au /history/ww1/homefront/homefront.html   (3458 words)

  
 Australia Did You Mean australia?
The Dutch adjectival form Australische ("Australian," in the sense of "southern") was used by Dutch officials in Batavia to refer to the newly discovered land to the south as early as 1638.
Australian literature has also been influenced by the landscape; the works of writers such as Banjo Paterson and Henry Lawson captured the experience of the Australian bush.
Australian English is a major variety of the language; its grammar and spelling are largely based on those of British English, overlaid with a rich vernacular of unique lexical items and phrases, some of which have found their way into standard English.
www.did-you-mean.com /Australia.html   (4721 words)

  
 Dixon, Sir Owen (1886 - 1972) Biographical Entry - Australian Dictionary of Biography Online   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
At a series of meetings he advanced proposals to resolve the conflict, the last of which was that a plebiscite should be held in a limited area including the Kashmir Valley and that the rest of the State should be partitioned.
Indeed, he opposed the court having a permanent seat anywhere because he thought it should not be removed from the people, the judges or the legal profession; he considered that it should be 'an all-Australian Court, going to the people rather than requiring the people to come to it'.
In the early 1960s Dixon's health deteriorated and there was a reduction in both the number of judgements that he wrote and the number of cases on which he sat.
www.adb.online.anu.edu.au /biogs/A140010b.htm   (3027 words)

  
 Journal
Australian farmers drew enormous benefit from imports of the phosphate that were the only rationale for the Australian administration of that small Pacific island.
The Australian Army prides itself that full strength units, trained by the commanding officer who would take them to war, were deployed to Vietnam and that this contributed to the building of unit cohesion which was an important element in the battlefield success of Australian units.
The Australian mode of unit deployment is often favourably compared with the trickle replacement system employed by the US military in which individuals trained in the United States were cycled through units permanently deployed to Vietnam for the duration of the war.
www.awm.gov.au /journal/j29/j29-book.htm   (9993 words)

  
 11 March: This Date in History   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
He was bullied into canceling the plebiscite, and he obediently resigned, ordering the Austrian Army not to resist the Germans.
A “Plebiscite” was set for 10th April on the annexation of Austria to the German Reich, which was only a mockery.
On 06 November 1917, the Bolsheviks seize control of the Russian state in the October Revolution, and Lenin becomes virtual dictator of the country.
h42day.0catch.com /history/h4mar/h4mar11.html   (8604 words)

  
 Curtin, John (1885 - 1945) Biographical Entry - Australian Dictionary of Biography Online   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
In 1917 the local Labor Party was in a state of collapse; working closely with Alex McCallum, his chief sponsor, Curtin fought hard through a disastrous year.
In mid-1924 Curtin was an Australian delegate to the annual conference of the International Labour Organization at Geneva, Switzerland.
His state funeral was attended by large crowds in Canberra and Perth; Royal Australian Air Force planes escorted the body; he was buried in the Presbyterian section of Karrakatta cemetery; Elsie and the children were among those present.
www.adb.online.anu.edu.au /biogs/A130616b.htm   (6754 words)

  
 Referendums in Australia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
Prior to the Australian referendum, 1977 (Referendums) residents within Australias territories did not vote at referendums, however since this date residents of territories are counted, but only towards the national total and are not counted against any of the states.
Similar to a referendum is a plebiscite which is conducted by the government to determine a matter relating to statute law rather than the constitution.
Australians have in most instances voted No to referendum questions: only 8 out of 43 referenda since 1909 have been carried.
read-and-go.hopto.org /Australian-constitutional-law/Referendums-in-Australia.html   (771 words)

  
 Australian plebiscite, 1917 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
The 1917 Australian plebiscite was held on 20 December 1917.
This plebiscite was held due to the Government's desire to increase the available forces for overseas service during the ongoing World War I, to a total of 7000 men per month.
1917 1919 1926 1928 1937 1944 1946 1948 1951 1967 1973 1974 1977 1984 1988 1999
en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Australian_plebiscite,_1917   (180 words)

  
 1917 in Australia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
December 20 - The second plebiscite on the issue of military conscription was held; it was defeated.
Foundation of Australian Entertainment Industry Association (AEIA), the peak body for Australia’s live entertainment and performing arts industry.
Coombe, South Australian parliamentarian who died possibly from stress over loyalty issues arising because of his defence of the Barossa Valley German community, members of whom were suspected of disloyalty and persecuted.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1917_in_Australia   (299 words)

  
 1917 Encyclopedia Article @ Karr.net (Karr Network) (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
CELERINA TORRES MENDOZA 1917 - 2006 Passed away,.
1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar.
September 7 - John Cornforth, Australian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
www.karr.net.cob-web.org:8888 /encyclopedia/1917   (3088 words)

  
 Prime Minister - Joseph Benedict Chifley.
In August 1917, Chifley and his fellow engine-drivers went out on strike to protect their working conditions against the introduction of new American time-and-motion methods of working.
This was a bad year for Chifley, he had been defeated at the polls and he was expelled from the Australian Federated Union of Locomotive Enginemen.
New South Wales Branch of the Australian Labor Party, The Light on the Hill, with a foreword by J.A. Ferguson, The Party, Paddington, New South Wales, 1951.
www.gavmag.com /austpm/pm_chifley.htm   (2449 words)

  
 Britain Tried First. Iraq Was No Picnic Then. - UN Security Council
His raiders crossed the desert to capture the port of Aqaba from the rear, repeatedly blew up the Turks' railroad tracks and harassed their troops, and finally entered Damascus in triumph (although this had to be staged because the Australian cavalry got there first).
The British had promised Feisal that he would be king of the Arabs in Damascus and he arrived at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference as the chief Arab spokesman.
In a rigged plebiscite, the new king got 96 per cent of the votes.
www.globalpolicy.org /security/issues/iraq/history/2003/0720britain.htm   (1454 words)

  
 General  J J "Black Jack "Pershing
With all the handicaps imposed, Villa could not be caught and early in 1917 the punitive expedition was withdrawn.
On April 6, 1917, the United States declared that a State of War with Germany existed and then began the greatest phase of Pershing's career.
General Pershing and a small staff, the nucleus of the staff he was to build up, sailed secretly from New York on the liner Baltic on May 28, 1917, and arrived in Liverpool on June 8.
www.diggerhistory.info /pages-leaders/ww1/pershing.htm   (5267 words)

  
 Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Austria; Protocol, Declaration and Special Declaration ...
In the first zone the plebiscite will be held within three months from the coming into force of the present Treaty, at a date fixed by the Commission.
If the vote is in favour of the Serb-Croat-Slovene State, a plebiscite will be held in the second zone within three weeks from the proclamation of the result of the plebiscite in the first zone, at a date to be fixed by the Commission.
Persons entitled to vote in plebiscites provided for in the present Treaty shall within a period of six months after the definitive attribution of the area in which the plebiscite has taken place be entitled to opt for the nationality of the State to which the area is not assigned.
www.austlii.edu.au /au/other/dfat/treaties/1920/3.html   (14651 words)

  
 Footnotes to History- D to F
It was not until 1559 that the Ditmarschen succumbed to the embrace of the Holy Roman Empire.
Don, Republic of the- In May 1917, the Cossacks of the Don region declared themselves autonomous, electing the Tsarist general Alexei Kaledin as Ataman, the head of government.
At the Fremont Fair in 1994, a group of demonstrators upset over the borders of the area set aside by the Seattle government as an urban village asked the crowd for a voice plebiscite on secession, which was carried overwhelmingly by the independence seekers.
www.buckyogi.com /footnotes/natdf.htm   (4714 words)

  
 Index Le-Lh   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
She joined the Australian Democrats in 1977, the year the party was born, and worked her way up the party ranks.
In a plebiscite held March 12, 1950, 57.9% of the voters favoured his return, and on July 22 he returned to Brussels.
He became a vice president of the UMWA in 1917, acting president (for Frank J. Hayes) in 1919, and was its president from 1920 to 1960.
www.manic-raven.com /rulers/indexl2.html   (13136 words)

  
 Footnotes to History- C
One day after a truce was signed in October, 1920, the Polish General Lucian Zeligowski seized Vilna and proclaimed it capital of the new state of Central Lithuania.
Centro-Caspian Dictatorship- After the November Revolution, the Bolsheviks were able to consolidate power in only one part of the Caucasus- the city of Baku, which was politically dominated by Russian and foreign oil workers.
The Australian government bought the land in 1978, ending the last vestige of the Clunies-Ross dynasty.
www.buckyogi.com /footnotes/natc.htm   (6093 words)

  
 Winston Churchill (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
However in July 1917 Churchill was appointed Minister of Munitions.
Over the summer of 1953, demonstrations grew in Iran and, with the failure of a plebiscite, the government was destabilized.
Richard Gardiner Casey (a member of the Australian Parliament) succeeds Oliver Lyttelton as Minister Resident in the Middle East.
winston-churchill.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888   (8612 words)

  
 Index E
He was an Australian delegate to the San Francisco conference in April 1945 which founded the United Nations, and played a leading role in resolving the Palestine dispute in 1947; in 1948-49 he was president of the General Assembly.
He won a plebiscite in 1972 and one-party presidential elections in 1979 and 1986.
His long rule brought a measure of stability to Togo, but economic gains achieved in the 1970s were largely negated in the 1980s by mismanagement and corruption.
www.rulers.org /indexe.html   (15553 words)

  
 02 Aug History: This Date
There, they tended their wounds and then swam to a second island where they were more likely to be seen.
The brother-in-law of the German emperor William II, Constantine was determined to keep Greece neutral after the outbreak of World War I, whereas Prime Minister Eleuthérios Venizélos [23 Aug 1864 – 18 Mar 1936] backed the Allied cause.
On Alexander's death and Venizélos' fall from power (1920), Constantine was recalled from exile by a plebiscite.
www.jcanu.hpg.ig.com.br /history/h4aug/h4aug02.html   (9125 words)

  
 1917
Six Australian (sic) destroyers to be sent to Mediterranean.
German Ambassador in Wien reported ‘plebiscite in Austria-Hungary would find majority for joining Allies and fighting Germany’.
Six Australian destroyers arrived at Brindisi to protect Otranto drifters.
www.stile.coventry.ac.uk /cbs/staff/beech/ahnavy/1917.htm   (6774 words)

  
 Department of the Parliamentary Library - Referendums on alterations to the Constitution of the Commonwealth
*Including 133 813 votes by members of the Australian Imperial Forces, of which 72 399 were for, 58 894 against, and 2520 informal.
The Whitlam Government, following the result of a public opinion poll conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, changed the anthem to Advance Australia Fair, except on specifically royal occasions.
In January 1976, the Fraser Government reinstated the use of God save the Queen for royal, vice-regal, defence, and loyal toast occasions.
www.aph.gov.au /library/elect/referend/pleb.htm   (312 words)

  
 1920 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
January 22 - The Australian Country Party is officially formed.
October 10 - In the Carinthian Plebiscite a large part of Carinthia Province votes to become part of Austria rather than of the Yugoslavia.
August 9 - Samuel Griffith, Australian politician and judge (b.
en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/1920   (3620 words)

  
 LLMC - U.S. Territories
The U.S. era began with a period of military rule (18 Oct. 1898 to 1 May 1900), followed by the establishment of a temporary civil government under the terms of the "Foraker Act" of 1900.
In 1917 the Jones act modified the civil government and extended U.S. citizenship to Puerto Ricans.
The legislature under the 1917 was comprised of a Senate and House of Representatives, with all members being elective.
www.llmc.com /us_territories.htm   (9682 words)

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