
	Where results make sense

Topic: Australian referendum, 1944

	How the 1967 referendum was won : Melbourne Indymedia
		May 27 marks the 40th anniversary of the overwhelming victory of the 1967 referendum, in which almost 91% of the Australian people voted to give the federal government the constitutional power to override the brutal, degrading racist laws of the states under which Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders were tormented.
		The Australian people had sent a clear signal that it was time for Canberra to make laws, introduce programs and provide the necessary resources to end the racial oppression of Indigenous Australians.
		The referendum was a major milestone in the long struggle by indigenous Australians for justice and paved the way for equal rights and equal pay for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander workers.
	www.melbourne.indymedia.org /news/2007/05/145523_comment.php (2045 words)

	Australians at War
		The referendum was lost narrowly and Hughes, because of his role in the 'yes' campaign, was expelled from the Labor Party which was against conscription.
		Australian aircrew served with the Royal Air Force in the bomber offensive against Germany and in the invasions of Europe.
		Australian soldiers fought in a number of bitterly contested actions, including Kapyong and Maryang San, and mounted numerous patrols and raids during the static war which developed from late 1951 to July 1953 while armistice negotiations dragged on.
	www.irishaustralia.com /Australian/Defence/ozatwar.htm (3792 words)

	A Changing Judiciary - A Speech by Murray Gleeson, Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia [April 7, 2001]
		It is important for the future strength and independence of the Australian justice system that the magistracy, State and Federal, should not be isolated from the rest of the judiciary.
		Until the Australian Constitution was amended by referendum in 1977, Chapter III provided that Justices of the High Court, and of other federal courts, were to hold office for life.
		I referred earlier to the increasing size of the Australian judiciary and, in a different context, to the emphasis that is placed upon accountability of public officials.
	www.australianpolitics.com /news/2001/01-04-07b.shtml (5436 words)

	Australian referendum, 1944 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 1944 Australian Referendum was held on 19 August 1944.
		All of these points were put to referendum in the form of a single question.
		It is notable that the points referring to corporations, trusts, combines and monopolies had been previously put to referendum, and had not been carried.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Australian_referendum,_1944 (212 words)

	Resources - Referendum 1999 - 05 November 1999
		The last time a referendum was carried was on 21 May 1977 and on this occasion only the minor propositions were approved with the major question, the approval of half senate elections at the time of each house of representatives election, going down because it did not win approval in a majority of states.
		To be successful the referendum question must be passed by (3) a majority of all of the electors voting (that is an absolute majority of Australian voters) and (4) by a majority of voters in a majority of states.
		The most famous examples of the Australian tendency to vote 'no' in referendums against seemingly commonsense proposals occurred when a conservative parliament (1937) and then a Labor government (1944) asked for power to control civil aviation (unheard of and unprovided for when the constitution was framed) and the overseas marketing of Australian products.
	www.brisinst.org.au /resources/botsman_peter_Referend.html (768 words)

	referendums
		Following the approval by the electors in the Referendum of 1977 for the proposal to amend section 128, that section now allows electors in the Territories, as well as electors in the States, to vote on Referendums on proposed laws to alter the Constitution.
		This proposal sought firstly to give a vote in referendums to electors in the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory, and secondly to enable amendments to be made to the Constitution if approved by a majority of Australian voters and a majority of voters in half the States.
		Referendums - Submission to the electors of a proposed law for the alteration of the Constitution entitled Constitution Alteration (Referendums) 1977.
	www.monarchist.org.au /referendums.htm (2288 words)

	Electoral Newsfile 84: Referendum 1999 Information Guide
		The Australian Electoral Commission's role at the referendum is to provide voting services to the electors of Australia to enable them to have their say on the proposed laws to alter the Constitution.
		Australians living or travelling overseas will be able to vote at approximately 100 different overseas locations including Australian embassies, consulates and high commissions or they will be able to vote by post.
		The referendum is carried only if it is approved by a majority of voters overall and a majority of voters in a majority of States, ie, in at least 4 of Australia's 6 States.
	www.aec.gov.au /_content/How/newsfiles/084/news84.htm (2074 words)

	Referendums in Australia - When Leadership Fails
		Furthermore, the Australian head of state is not a directly elected leader that won his popularity with a charismatic gift of the gab.
		To the government's displeasure, no McCarthyism type fever swept the nation and many Australians were against the referendum not because they were communists, but rather because they believed in freedom of choice.
		After the referendum was defeated, the Menzies government conscripted Australians to suppress the rights of Vietnamese to be communist.
	www.convictcreations.com /history/republic.htm (1100 words)

	The Drawing Board: Guest Editors' Introduction
		It is true that Australians by and large reject attempts by governments to change the rules by which they govern, even when the changes are arguably in the interests of the people vis-à-vis the government.
		The 1999 republican referendum is an excellent example: according to opinion polls about two thirds of voters support Australia becoming a republic, but not on the terms proposed at that referendum.
		To our knowledge, this conference was the first time that Australian academics, activists and the general public have been brought together to address the many facets of the public right to know in the context of an anticipated popular political debate about this issue.
	www.australianreview.net /journal/v2/n3/intro.html (1748 words)

	Timeline for Australian Jewish History
		The Australian Aborigines League attempts to present a resolution ‘condemning the persecution of Jews and Christians in Germany’ to the German Consul-General.
		However the full story about the attitude of Australian public figures to the Jews in the British mandate territory of Palestine pre-1948, and to Israel in its early years is rather complex; this is detailed by Chanan Reich in Australia and Israel: An Ambiguous Relationship, published by MUP 2002.
		Official Australian War Artist Alan Moore was present at the liberation by British troops of the Bergen Belsen Concentration Camp on 15 April 1945.
	www.ajhs.info /jha/timeline.htm (2153 words)

	Read the majority judgement \| News \| The Australian
		It is unnecessary for present purposes to go into the detail of the constitution of the AFPC save to say that Commissioners are appointed by the Governor General (s 38) and their terms and conditions of employment are governed by Div 2 of Pt 2 of the Act.
		Otherwise, in most Australian colonies, and later in the States, incorporation of a non profit association with limited liability was possible only under the relevant companies legislation.
		For as Kahn Freund pointed out, in 1944, it was the decision in Salomon's Case that encouraged the sole trader (or small group of traders) to conduct business as a limited company even where the venture was not especially risky or where no outside capital was required.
	www.theaustralian.news.com.au /story/0,20867,20754950-601,00.html (16416 words)

	Information and history of Australia.
		The Australian climate and soils were well suited to rearing sheep and the wool produced was exported to Britain.
		Many troops in the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (Anzac) were lost during the battles of Gallipoli.
		Australian troops fought in Greece, Syria, and North Africa.
	www.freewebtown.com /countryinfo/AUSTRALIA.html (870 words)

	The Parliament of Australia: A Bibliography: Government_and_Politics/Constitution
		Paul, J. "The 1944 Referendum." In Samuel Griffith Society Conference Proceedings, 2nd.
		Ratnapala, Suri "The Case for Adopting the American Model in an Australian Republic." University of Queensland Law Journal 20, 2 (1999): 242-249.
		"Referendums in Australia: A Study of the Literature." Reference Australia 5 (February 1990): 32-44.
	www.indiana.edu /~librcsd/bib/australia_parliament/Government_and_Politics/Constitution/more4.html (682 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Battle of Biak was a hard-fought Allied campaign during May and June 1944 to recapture the island of Biak, off the north coast of New Guinea, from the Japanese who were using it as an air base.
		The division, which was on in way from its assembly area around Montauban to the new invasion front in Normandy, had already committed a number of atrocities (most notably the hanging of 89 men in Tulle) on its way north.
		In 1944 his Third Army cut across France in a sweep through Brittany, round Paris, up the Marne and the Moselle, across the Rhine and into northern Bavaria, entering Czechoslovakia in April 1945.
	users.skynet.be /panzie/wo/history/1944.html (3778 words)

	This Month in Australian Military History
		Australian aircraft and their crews left to form the 'Mespopotamian Half Flight', fighting in what is now Iraq.
		Nine members of the Australian Flying Corps serving with 30 Squadron, Royal Flying Corps, became trapped in Kut with the forces of Major General Charles Townsend when the town was besieged by the Turks.
		The 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment begins Operation Fauna in Korea, its objective is to capture prisoners and destroy enemy defences.
	www.awm.gov.au /atwar/thismonth/index.asp (1238 words)

	Dictionary of Australian Biography Ma-Mo
		His experience was purely Australian; he was the first graduate from an Australian university to receive an honorary surgical appointment at a Sydney hospital, and he never sought to enlarge his experience by visiting Europe.
		An Australian Girl is an interesting book written by a woman of thoughtful and philosophic mind, and The Incredible Journey, with its sympathetic appreciation of the point of view of the aborigines, is among the best books of its kind in Australian literature.
		Michell, a shy and retiring man, was one of the earliest graduates of an Australian university to be elected to the Royal Society.
	www.gutenberg.net.au /dictbiog/0-dict-biogMa-Mo.html (20271 words)

	Billy Hughes Summary
		William Morris "Billy" Hughes, CH, PC, KC (25 September, 1862 – 28 October, 1952), Australian politician, was the seventh Prime Minister of Australia, the longest-serving member of the Australian Parliament, and one of the most colourful figures in Australian political history.
		Hughes was furious at this betrayal by his party and nursed his grievance on the back-benches until 1929, when he led a group of back-bench rebels who crossed the floor of the Parliament to bring down the Bruce government.
		In February 1944 the UAP withdrew its members from the Advisory War Council in protest against the Labor government of John Curtin.
	www.bookrags.com /Billy_Hughes (2325 words)

	Dreaming Online: Indigenous Australian Timeline
		December, the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies is formed in Canberra.
		The Western Australian Native Welfare Act repeals the 1905 Act and alters the definition of an Aboriginal person and eligibility for aid.
		The South Australian Prohibition of Discrimination Act is the first of its kind in Australia and bans all types of race and colour discrimination in employment, accommodation, legal contracts and public facilities.
	www.dreamtime.net.au /indigenous/timeline3.cfm (2566 words)

	Australia Card profile: precursors
		The term 'Australian nationality' was not given official recognition until the 1969 Citizenship Act, with Australian citizens officially ceasing to be British subjects as late as 1984.
		Enrolment is compulsory for Commonwealth purposes for Australian citizens who are 18 years of age or over and who have lived at their current address for at least one month.
		As we have noted in discussing the Australian privacy regime and medical privacy special provision is made for the protection of identifiable personal information.
	www.caslon.com.au /australiacardprofile2.htm (2979 words)

	AAS Biographical Memoirs - Leonard George Holden Huxley 1902-1988
		George was the grandson of Thomas Huxley and the grand nephew of another George Huxley from whom the famous biologists Thomas Henry Huxley (the prominent spokesman for Darwin and advocate of his new theory of evolution) and Julian Huxley were descended.
		The Committee on Australian Universities, chaired by Sir Keith Murray, had recommended that careful consideration should be given to the relationship between the existing Australian National University and the Canberra University College which, prior to 1960, had prepared students for the degree examinations of the University of Melbourne.
		Accordingly, he arranged for the Australians to attend as representatives of the Academy, and at the same time suggested the establishment of a committee, to be chaired by Huxley, to 'deal with questions of justification, telescope design, and Anglo-Australian co-operation'.
	www.asap.unimelb.edu.au /bsparcs/aasmemoirs/huxley.htm (9100 words)

	The Australian Federal Constitution: Net Resources (Discussion #4)
		"Australian secularism's most formal expression is in s116 of the Constitution, which prevents the Commonwealth establishing any religion, preventing the free exercise of any religion or imposing any religious test for office.
		Referendum on [the] alteration to the Constitution of the Commonwealth held on 12 December 1906 (missing)
		The opposition to the referendum was spurious and selfish.
	www-personal.edfac.usyd.edu.au /staff/souters/constitution/provisions.html (7120 words)

	East Timor
		Kopassus is the "crack special forces unit" modeled on the U.S. Green Berets that had "been training regularly with US and Australian forces until their behaviour became too much of an embarrassment for their foreign friends." These forces are "legendary for their cruelty," observes Benedict Anderson, one of the leading Indonesia scholars.
		All of this was well before the referendum and the atrocities conducted in its immediate aftermath.
		All of this was well understood by the "foreign friends," who also knew how to bring the terror to an end, but preferred to delay, hesitate, and keep to evasive and ambiguous reactions that the Indonesian Generals could easily interpret as a "green light" to carry out their grim work.
	www.zmag.org /CrisesCurEvts/Timor/chomapectimor.htm (1793 words)

	October
		The Royal Australian Navy operated as part of a British empire force in one of the first instances in which Australian forces intervened in regional affairs.
		Australian troops of the 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, reach Chongju, the most northerly point of their advance into North Korea.
		Australian troops had taken a prominent part in the war against the Ottoman empire, especially on Gallipoli and in Sinai-Palestine.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-calendar/october.htm (1267 words)

	November_1999
		On the basis of history the outcome of the referendum should be clear- the Australians do not like changes to their system of government.
		Nevertheless, the defection of such a senior political figure sent shock waves through republican ranks because it highlighted a serious flaw in their efforts to achieve an Australian republic by 1st January, 2001, namely that the majority of Australians would prefer to elect their president, if one were to replace the Queen.
		Princess Beatrice died in 1944 and was buried in St Mildred's Church, Whippingham, Isle of Wight.
	www.geocities.com /cox_nz/November_1999.htm (5179 words)

	Australian Unity: Centenary of Federation Website People
		Alfred Deakin was a life member of the Prahran Branch of the Australian Natives' Association, and although he never took a position of leadership in the Association, he worked closely with it in the quest for Federation.
		His book The Federal Story, edited posthumously by Herbert Brookes and published in 1944 is one of the few contemporary accounts of the Federation years, and historians have relied heavily on Deakin's reports and observations.
		John Quick was not a native-born Australian, but came to Australia from Cornwall in 1854 at the age of 2 years, settling with his family at the goldfields town of Bendigo.
	www.australianunity.com.au /au/cofederation/people.asp (3167 words)

	The Anti-Semitic Labor Party - Opinion - www.theage.com.au
		I became aware of the Holocaust in 1944 as the Allied armies swept across Europe and liberated the death camps.
		When Australian Jews respond to the grotesque exaggeration about Israel, we are accused of being part of the "Jewish lobby".
		For better or worse my character and life were shaped by the anti-Semitism I experienced as a boy and a young man. I was proud to belong to a party that fought all forms of prejudice.
	www.theage.com.au /articles/2004/10/24/1098556291677.html (2131 words)

	Australia and New Zealand could play a role to find a Bougainville style solution for Tamils
		During World War I, Australians occupied Bougainville and after the defeat of Germany, the German territories collectively called New Guniea, became mandate territories of the League of Nations, and in 1920, were placed under Australian administration.
		By 1991, the PNGDF "illegally" using Australian donated helicopters and Australian and New Zealand commercial pilots, as well as being funded via Australian and international aid programs, continued to be unable to defeat the BRA.
		This agreement provides provisions for an autonomous Bougainville Government still operating within the PNG constitution, and for a referendum on the independence of Bougainville to be held at a future date, between 10 and 15 years from the election of the first autonomous government of Bougainville.
	www.sangam.org /ANALYSIS/Rajakulendran_4_9_03.htm (5069 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)