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Topic: Australian referendum, 1946

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Australian referendum, 1946 (Social Services)

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	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Referendum
		referendum referral of proposed laws or constitutional amendments to the electorate for final approval.
		On the abdication (May, 1946) of his father, who was tainted by his long acquiescence (1922-43) to Fascist rule, Humbert succeeded to the throne, pending a referendum on the monarchy.
		Referendum contingent valuation estimates: sensitivity to the assignment of offered values.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Referendum (672 words)

	Electoral Newsfile 84: Referendum 1999 Information Guide
		The Australian Electoral Commission's role at the referendum is to provide voting services to the electors of Australia to enable them to have their say on the proposed laws to alter the Constitution.
		Australians living or travelling overseas will be able to vote at approximately 100 different overseas locations including Australian embassies, consulates and high commissions or they will be able to vote by post.
		Means the period commencing the day the writ is issued for the referendum and ending a the latest time on polling day at which an elector in Australia could enter a polling booth for the purposes of voting in the referendum.
	www.aec.gov.au /_content/How/newsfiles/084/news84.htm (2074 words)

	A CENTENARY REFLECTION ON THE AUSTRALIAN CONSTITUTION: THE REPUBLIC REFERENDUM, 1999
		At the Australian Convention in Sydney in 1891, which produced the first draft that was to become the Constitution, a former Premier of New South Wales, Mr George Dibbs, described as the "inevitable destiny of the people of this great country" the establishment of "the Republic of Australia"[29].
		He indicated an intention to put his proposals for a republic to the Australian people in a referendum "sometime in 1998 or 1999 with a view to acceptance of the referendum entailing a change to a republic in the centenary year of Australian federation, 2001"[50].
		Australians are fiercely loyal to their country in war and in sport; but for the most part they are quiet about their allegiance.
	www.hcourt.gov.au /speeches/kirbyj/kirbyj_menzies.htm#_ftn10 (8343 words)

	Australian Quotes & Notes - The Quotes - 1901 to 1950
		Morant was an adopted Australian of dubious past (he was supposed to have been married, briefly, to Daisy Bates before she went forth to supervise the twilight of the tribes), while Handcock was a clear-eyed Australian lad (his name was quietly added to a war memorial in Bathurst, NSW, later).
		Australians did not learn of the executions until long after the men were buried and, as a consequence, passed the Australian Defence Act the following year which made certain that Australian soldiers under British command could not be executed.
		Australians, tired of the great events that had ruled their lives in the previous decade, embraced the 'pictures'.
	www.australianquotes.com /quotes_1901-1950.html (18481 words)

	Documenting Democracy
		The Western Australian referendum was not held until three weeks after the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act became law — hence the wording of the Preamble to the Act and Clause 3, which provides for the Queen to issue a proclamation of the date of inauguration of the Commonwealth.
		An Australian delegation (Edmund Barton, Alfred Deakin, James Robert Dickson, Charles Cameron Kingston and Sir Philip Fysh) went to London to witness the passage of the Constitution into law but they were unsuccessful in their attempts to ensure that the Bill as agreed in Australia became law.
		This requires a referendum of all Australian voters, and the result must be that the proposed change is agreed by a majority of voters in a majority of States and also by a national majority of voters.
	www.foundingdocs.gov.au /item.asp?dID=11 (1563 words)

	Parliament of Australia: Senate: Papers on Parliament No 35 - Chapter 6
		To me, one of the most valuable results of any Australian referendum is the referral process itself, the process of community deliberation that begins, for most referendums, with the reference from Parliament and occupies the uncertain mind of the electorate through to the final vote.
		Referendum scholars have traditionally held that `the balance of advantage is with the proponents of the “No” case.' [33] The onus is on the Yes case to turn things around, and the official pamphlet provides an opportunity for the No case to confuse rather than clarify.
		Referendums have a greater tendency to generate Yes votes when held separately from general elections; but at such referendums there is also a tendency for voters to stray from their traditional party loyalties.
	www.aph.gov.au /senate/pubs/pops/pop35/c06.htm (11361 words)

	ALRC Reform Issue 74 Autumn 1999 - Time for Constitutional Change?: The Australian Constitution: A Time Line
		A referendum on the extension of the Commonwealth’s trade and commerce power and the nationalisation of monopolies was held on April 26, 1911; May 31, 1913; and again on December 13, 1919.
		Another referendum was held on September 28, 1946 on the Commonwealth’s power to make laws with respect to social services (passed) and the organised marketing of primary products, and to legislate on terms and conditions of industrial employment (rejected).
		A referendum was held on December 1, 1984 on simultaneous Senate and House of Representative elections, and on a proposal to enable the Commonwealth and states to refer powers to each other.
	bar.austlii.edu.au /au/other/alrc/publications/reform/reform74/13.html (1180 words)

	CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION - Wednesday, 11 February 1998
		A referendum be held in conjunction with the referendum on the republic posing a separate question to ask the Australian people if the Preamble should be amended to recognise the original occupancy and custodianship of Australia by the Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islanders.
		That is why I have put that, at the same time as we have the referendum on the republic, a separate question be put to ask the Australian people whether the preamble should be amended to recognise the original occupancy and custodianship of Australia by the Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islanders.
		Point A, that the head of state should be an Australian citizen, is something that is in fact spelt out in every one of the four models now before us, so we are hardly likely to need to endorse that on Friday.
	www.australianpolitics.com /issues/republic/convention/11_02_10.shtml (9420 words)

	Paper 35
		With the referendum's rejection of the model for a president elected by parliament the choice is between a model such as the McGarvie model and models for a directly-elected president.
		It is only a referendum on a model such as the McGarvie model which can resolve the republic issue by enabling people to vote according to their genuine preference for republic or monarchy, knowing that whichever way the vote goes their democracy will be safe.
		Australians are much more concerned to retain their democracy than to become a 'real' republic and a model will only pass a referendum if a constitutional majority are thoroughly satisfied their democratic protections will be secure.
	www.chilli.net.au /~mcgarvie/paper35.htm (7907 words)

	H.V. Evatt hero file
		During the Charter negotiations he fights for the rights of smaller powers and advocates that the UN should have the power to effect social and economic reform and protect human rights.
		1946 - He leads the Australian delegation to the Paris Peace Conference and the Australian delegations to the UN in 1946, 1947 and 1948.
		He campaigns tirelessly for the no vote in the referendum seeking to ban the Communist Party of Australia, insisting that the banning of any political ideology was "a definite step towards the police state." The referendum is defeated.
	www.moreorless.au.com /heroes/evatt.html (666 words)

	The Australian Womens Weekly Index 1946 - 1971 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Australian Women's Weekly 1946-71 Index is a collaborative research project produced by researchers in the Women's Studies Department at Flinders University in Adelaide, South Australia.
		The Australian Women's Weekly in the Postwar Years, was published in 2002 by University of New South Wales Press (by Susan Sheridan, with Barbara Baird, Kate Borrett and Lyndall Ryan).
		Our decision to adopt a 'slice approach', to index only one year in every five for the period 1946 to 1971, was to place priority on a detailed index of six years over the twenty-five year period rather than a much less thorough index of all twenty-five years.
	www.ssn.flinders.edu.au /wmst/WWIndex (333 words)

	October
		The Royal Australian Navy operated as part of a British empire force in one of the first instances in which Australian forces intervened in regional affairs.
		Australian troops of the 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, reach Chongju, the most northerly point of their advance into North Korea.
		Australian troops had taken a prominent part in the war against the Ottoman empire, especially on Gallipoli and in Sinai-Palestine.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-calendar/october.htm (1267 words)

	AAS Biographical Memoirs - Leonard George Holden Huxley 1902-1988
		George was the grandson of Thomas Huxley and the grand nephew of another George Huxley from whom the famous biologists Thomas Henry Huxley (the prominent spokesman for Darwin and advocate of his new theory of evolution) and Julian Huxley were descended.
		The Committee on Australian Universities, chaired by Sir Keith Murray, had recommended that careful consideration should be given to the relationship between the existing Australian National University and the Canberra University College which, prior to 1960, had prepared students for the degree examinations of the University of Melbourne.
		Accordingly, he arranged for the Australians to attend as representatives of the Academy, and at the same time suggested the establishment of a committee, to be chaired by Huxley, to 'deal with questions of justification, telescope design, and Anglo-Australian co-operation'.
	www.asap.unimelb.edu.au /bsparcs/aasmemoirs/huxley.htm (9100 words)

	November_1999
		On the basis of history the outcome of the referendum should be clear- the Australians do not like changes to their system of government.
		Peter Reith, a senior member of the Australian Government, said he now believed that the republic model on offer was "seriously flawed" and "a third rate compromise" which could threaten Australia's democracy.
		Nevertheless, the defection of such a senior political figure sent shock waves through republican ranks because it highlighted a serious flaw in their efforts to achieve an Australian republic by 1st January, 2001, namely that the majority of Australians would prefer to elect their president, if one were to replace the Queen.
	www.geocities.com /cox_nz/November_1999.htm (5179 words)

	CalendarHome.com - 1946 - Calendar Encyclopedia
		February 1 - Trygve Lie of Norway is picked to be the first United Nations Secretary General.
		June 2 - In a referendum Italians decide to turn Italy from a monarchy into a Republic.
		After this referendum the king of Italy Umberto II di Savoia was exiled.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /1946.htm (2703 words)

	Wikinfo \| Abolished monarchies
		That of Egypt was abolished after a coup d'etat in 1952, that of Iran was abolished by an Islamic coup d'etat in 1979.
		The voters of Australia overwhelmingly rejected a proposal to abolish their monarchy in 1999 (rejected in all states, with only the Australian Capital Territory passing the referendum).
		In Bulgaria Simeon Saxe-Coburg Gotha, who was deposed from the Bulgarian throne in 1946, has been elected and currently serves as the Prime Minister of his country.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Abolished_monarchies (446 words)

	First World War.com - Who's Who - King Vittorio Emanuele III
		He was widely criticised for signing Mussolini's 1938 race laws, which barred Jews from becoming teachers, lawyers and journalists, and banned them from attending state schools and universities, as well as forfeiting much of their property.
		With the end of the Second World War a public referendum was conducted in 1946 on the future of the monarchy.
		"ANZAC" was coined in 1915 from the initials of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps.
	www.firstworldwar.com /bio/emanuele.htm (437 words)

	Social Rehabilitation Services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Australian referendum, 1946 (Social Services) - Constitution Alteration (Social Services) 1946 proposed to extend the powers of government over a range of social services.
		The question was put to a referendum in the Australian referendum, 1946 with two other (unrelated) questions.
		Arab Community Center for Economic and Social Services - The Arab Community Center for Economic and Social Services (ACCESS) is an organization formed to support the needs of the Arab American community.
	www.mercy-allyourcare.org /socialrehabilitationservices.html (1150 words)

	referendum — Infoplease.com
		The mandatory referendum may be required by state constitutions and city charters for a variety of matters.
		By the usual procedure implementation of a law is postponed for a certain length of time after it has been passed by the legislature; during this time, if a petition is presented containing the requisite number of names, the proposed legislation must be put to a vote at the next election.
		Humbert II - Humbert II, 1904–83, last king of Italy (1946), son and successor of Victor Emmanuel III.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0841394.html (317 words)

	1946 info here at pinkjustis.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the year 1946 Anthropology Robert Broom publishes a monograph on his finds of fossils of...
		The Blue Dahlia (1946) Director: George Marshall Reviewed by Siglo XX Tamed by a brunette - framed by a blonde - blamed by the cops!
		December 7, 1946 Five years after Pearl Harbor, the war was over.
	pinkjustis.info /1946 (3529 words)

	1946 : Encyclopedia Entry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		June 1 - Ion Antonescu, prime minister and "Conducator" (Leader) of Romania during World War II is executed; he was found guilty of betraying Romanian people for benefits of Germany and sentenced to death by Bucharest People's Tribunal.
		July 30 - Neil Bonnett, American race car driver (d.
		August 10 - Ian Duncan, Australian Media Personality
	bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/1946 (3328 words)

	National Archives of Australia - The Collection – australian Prime Ministers - Holt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In May 1967 the referendum passed that removed two clauses in the Australian Constitution that discriminated against Aboriginal people.
		Holt's friendship with US President Lyndon Baines Johnson and his support for Australian participation in the Vietnam War were a focus of anti-war protest.
		As Prime Minister, Holt was also Leader of the Liberal Party and a member of the Joint Select Committee on the New and Permanent Parliament House (1966–67).
	www.naa.gov.au /The_Collection/prime_ministers/holt/during.html (2693 words)

	Scoop: Monarchy As A Democratic Institution For Nepal
		But in what constitutional form is the fundamentally complex question--- Indian, Sri Lankan, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, on the one hand, or US, French, Chinese or Russian, on the other.
		Interestingly, similar arguments were upheld at the time of the recent Australian referendum on monarchy that, however, failed to obtain a majority.
		As a matter of fact, even with respect to Europe Sir Winston Churchill had remarked (1946) "If the Allies at the peace table at Versailles had allowed a Hohenzollern, a Wittelbach and a Hapsburg to return to their thrones, there would not have been a Hitler.
	www.scoop.co.nz /stories/HL0607/S00290.htm (2235 words)

	Royal Australian Navy Gun Plot Access to Australian Archive Records
		Royal Australian Navy Gun Plot Access to Australian Archive Records
		Flynn, Reverend John and the Australian Inland Mission
		Prime Ministers, Records relating to the first five
	www.gunplot.net /australiana/ausarchiveaddresses.html (283 words)

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