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Topic: Australian referendum, 1967 (Aboriginals)


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  referendum - Terminology, Procedure and status, Criticism, Multiple-choice referendums, Referendums by country
A referendum (plural: 'referendums' or 'referenda') or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, originally a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal.
In a first classification by necessity, a referendum may be mandatory, that is, the law (usually the constitution) directs authorities to holding referendums on specific matters (such is the case in amending most constitutions, or impeaching heads of state as well as ratifying international treaties) and are usually binding.
A further perceived flaw of the referendum is that in some circumstances the democratic spirit of the referendum may be flouted by the repeated submission to the referendum of a proposal until it is eventually endorsed, perhaps due to a low turn-out or public fatigue with the issue.
encyclopedia.stateuniversity.com /pages/18387/referendum.html   (2278 words)

  
  Referendum - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal.
The 1980 Quebec referendum and 1995 Quebec referendum on the secession of Québec are notable cases.
Referendums are rare and only once has a referendum proposal been put to the entire electorate of the UK; this was a referendum in 1975 on membership of the European Economic Community.
www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/r/e/f/Referendum.html   (2650 words)

  
 Referendum
A referendum (plural: 'referendums' or 'referenda' referenda implies a plurality of issues) or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, originally a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal.
In Switzerland, for example, multiple choice referendums are common; two multiple choice referendums held in Sweden, in 1957 and 1980, offered voters a choice of three options; and in 1977 a referendum held in Australia to determine a new national anthem was held in which voters were presented with four choices.
Referendums are rare and only once has a referendum proposal been put to the entire electorate of the UK; this was a referendum in 1975 on continued membership of the European Economic Community.
articles.gourt.com /en/referendum   (4182 words)

  
 CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: )
A referendum (plurals: 'referendums' or 'referenda') or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, originally a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal.
Although some advocates of direct democracy would have the referendum become the dominant institution of government, in practice and in principle, in almost all cases, the referendum exists solely as a complement to the system of representative democracy, in which most major decisions are made by an elected legislature.
A further perceived flaw of the referendum is that in some circumstances the democratic spirit of the referendum may be flouted by the repeated submission to the referendum of a proposal until it is eventually endorsed, perhaps due to a low turn-out or public fatigue with the issue.
encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Referendum   (4232 words)

  
  Referendum Encyclopedia Article @ Hesitated.net   (Site not responding. Last check: )
A referendum (plural: 'referendums' or 'referenda') or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, originally a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal.
A further perceived flaw of the referendum is that in some circumstances the democratic spirit of the referendum may be flouted by the repeated submission to the referendum of a proposal until it is eventually endorsed, perhaps due to a low turn-out or public fatigue with the issue.
The 1980 Quebec referendum and 1995 Quebec referendum on the secession of Québec are notable cases.
www.hesitated.net /encyclopedia/Referendum   (0 words)

  
 Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Australian referendum, 1967 (Aboriginals)
It is frequently stated that the 1967 referendum gave Aboriginal people Australian citizenship and that it gave them the right to vote in federal elections.
Aborigines already had the right to vote in federal and state elections (in South Australia since before Federation, in federal elections since 1962, and in all state elections since 1965).
The 1967 referendum has acquired a symbolic meaning in relation to a period of rapid social change during the 1960s.
www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Australian_referendum,_1967_(Aboriginals)   (2185 words)

  
 Referendum Encyclopedia Article @ DemocraticGold.com (Democratic Gold)   (Site not responding. Last check: )
Referendums is logically preferable as a plural form meaning ballots on one issue (as a Latin gerund, referendum has no plural).
In Switzerland, for example, multiple choice referendums are common; two multiple choice referendums held in Sweden, in 1957 and 1980, offered voters a choice of three options; and in 1977 a referendum held in Australia to determine a new national anthem was held in which voters were presented with four choices.
Since the introduction of parliamentary democracy six referendums have been held in Sweden: the first was on prohibition in 1922 and the most recent on euro membership in 2003.
www.democraticgold.com /encyclopedia/Referendum   (0 words)

  
 Referendum
A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal.
In June 1948, a multiple-choice referendum was held in Newfoundland, with three choices: join Canada as a province, be restored as a dominion under the British crown, or continue with the commission administration in effect since 1934.
Referendums are rare and only once has a referendum proposal been put to the entire electorate of the UK; this was a referendum in 1975 on membership of the European Economic Community.
abcworld.net /Referendum.html   (2343 words)

  
 REFERENDUM : Encyclopedia Entry
A referendum (plural: 'referendums' or 'referenda' [N.B. referenda implies a plurality of issues]) or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, originally a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal.
Some opposition to the referendum has arisen from its use by dictators such as Hitler and Mussolini who, it is argued, used the plebiscite to clothe oppressive policies in a veneer of legitimacy.
Referendums are rare and only once has a referendum proposal been put to the entire electorate of the UK; this was a referendum in 1975 on continued membership of the European Economic Community.
bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Referendum   (4238 words)

  
 Australian_referendum,_1967_(aboriginals) info here at en.air-treatment.info   (Site not responding. Last check: )
Technically it was a vote on the Constitution Alteration (Aboriginals) 1967, which after rat clip okayed in the referendum became law on the 10th August of the clone year.
The referendum occurred at a double-dealing when Aboriginal activism was accelerating it was used as generous of ‘historical shorthand’ for complete the conforming political galas of the time, such as the demands for expanse rights by the Gurindji, the commensurate meed crating for pastoral workers, the ‘Freedom Rides’ to stump segregation in New South Wales.
The free lunchs of the referendum inaugurated to juice to Aborigines in 1972.
en.air-treatment.info /Australian_referendum,_1967_(Aboriginals)   (0 words)

  
 Referendum   (Site not responding. Last check: )
A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal.
The terms referendum and plebiscite are often used interchangeably but the term plebiscite is usually preferred in circumstance in which a decision is being made on fundamental issues of sovereignty, such as in determining national borders or adopting a new constitution.
Although some advocates of direct democracy would have the Referendum become the dominant institution of government, in practice, in almost all cases, the Referendum exists solely as a complement to the system of representative democracy, in which most major decisions are made by an elected legislature.
referendum.iqnaut.net   (2770 words)

  
 Referendum
A referendum (plural referendums or referenda), ballot question, or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, originally a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal.
The Constitution of the Republic of Serbia was adopted on a referendum held in 28-29 October 2006.
Referendums have also been proposed on the plan to adopt the euro as the UK's currency and whether to change from the 'First Past the Post' system to an alternative electoral system, such as proportional representation.
www.ipedia.net /information/Referendum   (5476 words)

  
 [No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: )
Aboriginal people became Australian citizens in 1947, when a separate Australian citizenship was created for the first time (before that time all Australians were "British subjects").
Aborigines already had the right to vote in federal and state elections (in South Australia since before Federation, in federal elections since 1962, and in all state elections since 1965).
The 1967 referendum has acquired a symbolic meaning in relation to a period of rapid social change during the 1960s.
www.ekenjy.co.za /wiki/Australian_referendum,_1967_(Aboriginals)   (2161 words)

  
 1967 Referendum - Australian Referendum 1967 (Aboriginals)
For the referendum to pass it was required that the question was supported by a majority of voters in a majority of states, in 1967 that meant about 2.5 million 'yes' votes in four states (The 'territories' were not eligible to vote, i.e.
As Aboriginal people realised that the promises of the constitutional change were not going to be met, they started to organise and to protest: The Tent Embassy was established and the modern land rights movement was born.
Although the 1967 Referendum has failed politically, historically is was, and remains, a triumph of the human spirit that continues to inspire generations of Indigenous and non-Indigenous people alike.
www.creativespirits.info /aboriginalculture/history/referendum-1967.html   (3199 words)

  
 biology - Australian Aborigine
The Aboriginal population was decimated by British colonisation which began in 1788, when news of the land's fertility spread to Europeans causing them to begin settling in the Aborigines' land.
This referendum was defeated by a huge majority, though the recognition of indigenous Australians in the preamble was not a major issue in the preamble referendum discussion, and the preamble question attracted secondary attention compared to the question of becoming a republic (see republicanism in Australia) for more details on the 1999 referendum).
The word aboriginal, in use in English since the 17th century to mean "first or earliest known, indigenous", was used in Australia as early as 1789; it was soon capitalised and became the standard name for indigenous Australians.
www.biologydaily.com /biology/Australian_Aborigine   (2234 words)

  
 Britain.tv Wikipedia - Referendum
In the United States the term referendum is often reserved for a direct vote initiated by a legislature while a vote originating in a petition of citizens is referred to as an "initiative,"?title="ballot measure"?title=or "proposition."
Some argue that tools such as the referendum may lead to the "tyranny of the majority"?title=and to the erosion of the rights of individuals and minorities.
The closest ever referendum result was in 1995 when Ireland decided weather or not to legalise divorce - 50.3% voted "Yes"?title=(to legalise divorce), with 49.7% voting "No".
www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Referendum   (0 words)

  
 Didj "u" Know - 1967 Referendum
The 1967 Referendum was about amending The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 Section 51 (xxvi) by removing the words …other that the aboriginal race in any State…; and the repeal of Section 127.
The main aim for its establishment was to push for a referendum.
This win gave citizenship, which meant Aboriginal people were able to move around freely, have a choice in governments and finally have policy made by the Commonwealth government, which would mean uniform laws, instead of different ones depending on which state they were in.
www.abc.net.au /messageclub/duknow/stories/s888141.htm   (1146 words)

  
 Referendum - TripAtlas.Com
A legislative referendum can be called in order to abrogate totally or partially a law, but only at the request of 500,000 electors or five regional councils.
★ 'Puerto Rico:' Several referendums have taken place since 1967, including one in 1994 and another one in 1998, seeking an answer to the century-old question of what Puerto Ricans want for the archipelago of four million inhabitants: independence (Comprising republic and an associated republic), statehood or maintain commonwealth status.
★ 'Singapore:' On 1 September 1962 a referendum was held to put the proposal for Singapore to merge with Malaya to a direct vote by the citizens.
www.tripatlas.com /Referendum   (4694 words)

  
 Australian referendum, 1967 (Aboriginals) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Aboriginal people living in settled areas were counted in censuses before 1967.
Aboriginal people became Australian citizens in 1947, when a separate Australian citizenship was created for the first time (before that time all Australians were "British subjects").
Aborigines already had the right to vote in federal and state elections (in South Australia since before Federation, in federal elections since 1962, and in all state elections since 1965).
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Australian_referendum,_1967_(Aboriginals)   (0 words)

  
 European discovery and the colonisation of Australia - Australia's Culture Portal
Initially, relations between the explorers and the Aboriginal inhabitants were generally hospitable and based on understanding the terms of trading for food, water, axes, cloth and artefacts, a relationship encouraged by Governor Phillip.
These relations became hostile as Aborigines realised that the land and resources upon which they depended and the order of their life were seriously disrupted by the on-going presence of the colonisers.
On the morning of the 26 January for the 1938 sesquicentennial (150th) celebrations, Aboriginal activists met to hold a 'Day of Mourning' conference aimed at securing national citizenship and equal status for Aborigines.
www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au /articles/australianhistory   (2385 words)

  
 National Archives of Australia - Fact Sheet 150 - The 1967 Referendum   (Site not responding. Last check: )
The removal of the words ‘… other than the aboriginal people in any State…' in section 51(xxvi) and the whole of section 127 were considered by many to be representative of the prevailing movement for political change within Indigenous affairs.
As a result of the political climate, this referendum saw the highest YES vote ever recorded in a Federal referendum, with 90.77 per cent voting for change.
The National Archives in Canberra holds a range of records relating to the 1967 Referendum created by the government agencies that played key roles in events leading up to and the conduct of the referendum.
www.naa.gov.au /publications/fact_sheets/fs150.html   (886 words)

  
 Australian referendum, 1946 (Social Services) at AllExperts
The question was put to a referendum in the Australian referendum, 1946 with two other (unrelated) questions.
It was carried and inserted s51(xxiiiA) into section 51 of the Australian Constitution.
This was one of the few (eight) referendum questions which were successfully passed.
en.allexperts.com /e/a/au/australian_referendum,_1946_(social_services).htm   (459 words)

  
 85search - Australian Aboriginals   (Site not responding. Last check: )
Indigenous Australians are the first human inhabitants of the Australian continent and its nearby islands.
This authentic Australian Aboriginal boomerang is softly rounded and...
Australian Aboriginals - Tribal Boundaries Click on any area of the map to view a bigger and more detailed picture of the map.
www.85search.com /Australian.Aboriginals   (398 words)

  
 Documenting Democracy
The phrase removed from Section 51.xxvi and the repeal of Section 127 eliminated the provisions of the Australian Constitution which discriminated against Aboriginal people.
This change was the result of a long campaign by Aboriginal leaders and their supporters, culminating in the 1967 referendum which won strong support in every State.
Aboriginal people had won the right to vote in 1962, but those living in the Northern Territory were unable to vote in the referendum — a right denied people in the Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory until the 1977 Constitutional amendment to Section 128.
www.foundingdocs.gov.au /amendment.asp?amID=21   (173 words)

  
 Referendum Information
In fact, a referendum cand be and has been used as an effective tool by the executive to undemime the representativity and control of the legislative body.
Out of the 44 referendums held since federation in 1901, only eight have been passed, making the Australian referendum system one of the most restrictive in the developed world.
Art 151 of the Constitution also establishes a mandatory and binding referendum on approving Constitutional ammendments.
www.bookrags.com /wiki/Referendum   (4159 words)

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