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Topic: Australian referendum, 1984

	Western Australia Accommodation Save up to 65% Hotels , Day Tours, Car Hire, Package Deals
		Before a referendum can be put to the people it must either be passed by both Houses of Parliament or, if one House refuses to pass it or passes it with amendments not agreed by the other House, it can be presented to the people by the Governor-General.
		The Australian Democrats and the West Australian Greens, political parties with close ties to the environmental movement, were formed to capture the balance of power in the Senate, where neither of the major political parties has a majority.
		Australians are required to ensure that they are enrolled in the electoral division in which they live and computer records are kept of those who voted and failed to vote at federal elections and referendums.
	www.discoverwest.com.au /sysgov.html (2542 words)

	Rights of People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		These percentages are arrived at after disenfranchising 20% of the Australian electorate, by manipulation of the Electoral Act, and robbing the 20% of their choice, which was for neither of the major parties, and certainly against the GST.
		Australian government claims to be both a democracy and the supreme power - dictionaries say this is ok, - when in reality this is not possible.
		The Australian population was never made fully aware of complications flowing from the events of the time, nor have they been made aware since, not by government, or by the monarch.
	www.ja.olm.net /succeed/Pages/rights_of_people.htm (4500 words)

	REFERENDUM (MACHINERY PROVISIONS) ACT 1984
		Electors entitled to vote at a referendum 5.
		Australian Electoral Officer for the Australian Capital Territory 6.
		No referendum or vote of a State or Territory to be held on voting day 144.
	www.austlii.edu.au /au/legis/cth/consol_act/rpa1984353 (609 words)

	Australian Unity: Centenary of Federation Website: The role of Australian Unity
		Consisting of first-generation Australian men, the ANA was established to progress their rights and interests in a society where the interests of England dominated.
		The ANA organised 212 meetings prior to the first referendum, including the "Monster Meeting" in the Melbourne Town Hall on 30th May 1898, which was attended by thousands of Victorians.
		Johnson J (1984), "One Nation with One Destiny": The role of the Australian Natives' Association in the Federation of Australia, ANA, Melbourne.
	www.australianunity.com.au /au/cofederation/aurole.asp (1624 words)

	The Australian referendum
		Howard removed a reference to the new president being an "Australian." And he added one that drew attention to the proposal that the head of state be appointed by a two-thirds vote of parliament.
		Many of the several hundred thousand immigrants from Britain who arrived in Australia before 1984 and who have not become citizens of their new home were suspected of supporting the retention of the constitutional link with their country of birth.
		Republican Paul Keating declared that the referendum result "tells the world we don't trust ourselves and are ambivalent about who we are." It implied, he said, that Australians were not capable of managing their own affairs.
	www.centreforcitizenship.org /international/aus1.html (1518 words)

	A CENTENARY REFLECTION ON THE AUSTRALIAN CONSTITUTION: THE REPUBLIC REFERENDUM, 1999
		At the Australian Convention in Sydney in 1891, which produced the first draft that was to become the Constitution, a former Premier of New South Wales, Mr George Dibbs, described as the "inevitable destiny of the people of this great country" the establishment of "the Republic of Australia"[29].
		He indicated an intention to put his proposals for a republic to the Australian people in a referendum "sometime in 1998 or 1999 with a view to acceptance of the referendum entailing a change to a republic in the centenary year of Australian federation, 2001"[50].
		Australians are fiercely loyal to their country in war and in sport; but for the most part they are quiet about their allegiance.
	www.hcourt.gov.au /speeches/kirbyj/kirbyj_menzies.htm#_ftn10 (8343 words)

	Western Australian Electoral Commission
		Four times referendums have failed when there have been national majorities in favour of the amendments but there has not been a majority in favour in at least four of the six states.
		Originally only electors in the states voted in referendums, but the Commonwealth Constitution was amended in 1977 to give electors in the two territories an opportunity to be included in the count for the national majority.
		The referendum was not a required part of the process for constitutional change in terms of the Western Australian Constitution until 1978.
	www.waec.wa.gov.au /state/factSheet18.htm (1016 words)

	Australian Anti-Terror Laws Target Muslims, Media & Free Speech By Gideon Polya
		Further, the same penalty is incurred if the Judge feels the defendant intended through statements about the Sovereign, Government, their advisers or “a person responsible for the government of another country” to prejudice safety or defence, assist national enemies, cause violence, create public disorder or cause a public disturbance.
		The "annual Australian probability of death" is about 0.0001% (from “Muslim” terrorist attack), 0.001% (from a family member or acquaintance), 0.01% (from a car accident) and 0.1% (from tobacco smoking-related causes).
		More specifically, Australian Universities depend financially on grossly-exploited, fee-paying, Overseas Students (typically from South, South East and East Asia) – but the Australian Anti-Terrorism Laws will soon force professors, lecturers, tutors and indeed ALL teachers to LIE by omission or commission to all their students under threat of 7 YEARS PRISON for Police State-interpreted “sedition”.
	www.countercurrents.org /aus-polya151105.htm (1391 words)

	ASSDA - Studies - D1018: Australian Constitutional Referendum Survey, 1999
		As part of the Australian Election Study series, the 1999 ACRS provides a perspective on the political attitudes and behaviour of the Australian public which, in turn, can be compared to those attitudes recorded at past and future electoral events.
		The sample of Australian electors was drawn from the Commonwealth Electoral Roll by the Australian Electoral Commission following the close of rolls for the 1999 referendum on 8 October 1999.
		All Australian citizens aged 18 years and over are required by law to enrol ("register") for federal elections and referendums.
	assda.anu.edu.au /studies/D1018.html (430 words)

	1999 Referendum Report and Statistics
		The 1999 referendum was announced on 12 August 1999 in a joint statement by the Commonwealth Attorney-General, the Hon.
		The timetable for conducting a referendum is determined by the Constitution and the Referendum (Machinery Provisions) Act 1984.
		The writs directed the AEC to conduct the 1999 referendum. They were issued by the Governor-General and contained the dates for the close of rolls, polling day and the return of the writs.
	www.aec.gov.au /_content/When/referendums/1999_report/1999ref.htm (760 words)

	It's an Honour - Symbols - Australian National Anthem
		In 1984 the Australian National Anthem, consisting of the tune of ‘Advance Australia Fair’ and the verses as drafted by the National Australia Day Council, was proclaimed.
		While permission is not required to use, perform or record the Australian National Anthem for non-commercial purposes, there is a requirement to seek permission for commercial use of the anthem.
		When the Australian National Anthem is played with the anthem of another nation the practice is to play the anthem of the visiting nation first.
	www.itsanhonour.gov.au /symbols/anthem.cfm (1054 words)

	Australian Parliamentary Library - 1996-97 Bills Digest 18
		The answer to this question is 'yes.' In 1967, the Australian White Ensign was proclaimed by the Governor-General to be the ensign of the Royal Australian Navy and in 1982, the Royal Australian Air Force Ensign was proclaimed by the Governor-General to be the RAAF ensign.
		If a referendum on the Australian National Flag were to be held then a future Government would need to consider the costs of such an exercise.
		It has been estimated that holding a referendum, other than in conjunction with a national election would cost about $50 million.(19) The 'politics' of holding a referendum in conjunction with a national election are problematic.
	www.aph.gov.au /library/pubs/bd/1996-97/97bd018.htm (2040 words)

	Guardian \| British vote may sway Australian referendum
		Australian republicans are furious at the revelation that 200,000 British migrants who have not taken out Australian citizenship may be enough to sway the referendum on the monarchy.
		For the republicans to win the referendum they must secure the majority of votes in the majority of the six states.
		The Australian Republican Movement, which launched its campaign in Melbourne yesterday, was also sanguine about the Britons.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,,3913510-103477,00.html (334 words)

	The Monarchy
		In 1984, for instance, Maori bypassed the New Zealand government by appealing to Queen Elizabeth to uphold the provisions of the Treaty.
		Although the Australian referendum was lost by the advocates of a republic, support for change has been consistently stronger in Australia than in New Zealand.
		While either the success of a republican referendum in Australia or an unpopular succession to the throne may advance the republican cause in New Zealand, this chapter has shown that the most convincing arguments for change are demographic.
	www.geocities.com /noelcox/NZ_Monarchy_2.htm (4902 words)

	Australian republic referendum, 1999 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 1999 Australian referendum was a two question referendum held on 6 November 1999.
		Firstly, Australians have traditionally been cautious about proposed constitutional change: only 8 out of 43 referenda since 1909 have been approved by a majority of voters in a majority of states (as they must be to succeed).
		Despite the hopes of radical republicans such as Phil Cleary, the referendum defeat was generally viewed as a setback for the republican cause and no further referenda on the subject were mooted by the Howard government.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Australian_referendum,_1999_(Preamble) (1672 words)

	Australian Republican Movement - Media Room - Release 'Call for No ads to be taken off air because they are misleading ...
		The Australian Electoral Commission was asked today by the Australian Republican Movement to seek an injunction to prevent further broadcast or publication of certain No Committee referendum advertisements because they are misleading and deceptive under provisions of the
		The Advertising Standards Board the Federation of Australian Commercial Television Stations (FACTS) were also provided with the advice and asked to cease broadcasting the advertisements.
		Senator Minchin, one of the monarchist chiefs in the Government, said last week that there will be no referendum after this one - that this is the last shot.
	www.republic.org.au /ARM-2001/mediaroom/mr34.htm (325 words)

	Constitutional amendment Summary
		Referendum: Some constitutions may only be amended with the direct consent of the electorate in a referendum.
		In referenda to amend the constitutions of Australia and Switzerland it is required that a proposal be endorsed not just by an overall majority of the electorate in the nation as a whole, but also by separate majorities in each of a majority of the states or cantons.
		By contrast, in the United States a proposed amendment originates as a joint resolution of Congress rather than a bill and, unlike a bill, is not submitted to the President for his assent.
	www.bookrags.com /Constitutional_amendment (3619 words)

	Kopassus chief's trip to Perth vetoed - www.theage.com.au
		The Australian Government has refused to allow the commander of Indonesia's Kopassus special forces to join his officers for anti-terrorism talks in Perth in a move that threatens the Government's plan to resume training Kopassus troops.
		He said Indonesia's army had been surprised when the Australian Defence Force had rejected several names proposed for a preliminary visit that were on a list compiled by the Indonesian army and then submitted to their Australian counterparts.
		While relations between Australian and Indonesian security forces have generally grown closer since the Bali bombings, considerable tension still remains over Australia's involvement in East Timor's referendum for independence and the deployment of Australian troops there.
	www.theage.com.au /articles/2003/10/12/1065917273113.html?from=storyrhs (524 words)

	Download "Economic change and the legitimation of inequality" article
		The 1999 referendum on becoming a republic with a president selected by Parliament was the first – but probably not the last – time these issues came to a vote in Australia.
		Indeed, most voters formed their opinions on these issues years before the referendum was called and few changed their opinion in the course of the referendum campaign.
		Our goal in this chapter is to describe the public’s views on these issues, show how these views combined to shape their vote on the question put to them in the referendum, and describe how opinion has developed in the first few years after the referendum.
	www.international-survey.org /Republic_chapter_2002_abstract.htm (276 words)

	Future of the Monarchy in New Zealand
		Drawing on the pro-republic campaign in Australia, Jim Bolger proposed a referendum in New Zealand and suggested that the turn of the century was an appropriate time symbolically for this country to break its remaining constitutional ties with Britain.
		In 1984, for instance, Maori by-passed the New Zealand government by appealing to Queen Elizabeth to uphold the provisions of the Treaty.
		The Australian Election Study of 1998, for example, found that 65.8 per cent of respondents favoured a republic, compared with only 34.2 per cent who favoured retention of the monarchy.
	www.geocities.com /noelcox/New_Zealands_Monarchy.htm (4324 words)

	Clinton's legal fund requests help from Lewinsky's father British Prince finds Hollywood to his liking War of words ...
		Some 11 million Australian voters will choose at a referendum scheduled for Nov. 6 whether they want the country to become a republic and replace the queen with a president elected by a two-thirds majority of Parliament.
		With the referendum considered too close to call, the British vote - expected to be overwhelmingly in favor of rejecting the republic - could be crucial.
		Adopting a new flag is not at issue in the republic referendum but Ausflag believes if it can stop British residents voting in that ballot, it will set a precedent for a possible future vote on changing the flag.
	www.turkishdailynews.com.tr /archives.php?id=13953 (3668 words)

	Wsahara
		In April 29, 1991, the United Nations approved the establishment of the Mission for the Referendum in the Western Sahara (MINURSO.) The Settlement Plan provided for a "transitional period," which was intended to commence with a cease-fire and continue until the announcement of the results of the referendum.
		In order for the referendum to be "free and fair," as agreed to in the Settlement Plan, and for its results to be accepted and recognized, it must be conducted in a transparent manner.
		Thus, while there are clear and important restrictions upon the freedoms that Sahrawi refugees can exercise, most of the difficulties they face are a result of their remote situation and the harsh climate in the desert, the economic and political difficulties of the region and the realities of being a stateless refugee population.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1995/Wsahara.htm (17155 words)

	The Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History:
		Further, the Australian League of Rights, an organisation whose stated objectives were in many ways identical to those of the Country Party in the 1940s, sought to return the Country Party to its original beliefs via a campaign based around a series of economic reforms.
		In 'Is Danzig Worth the Life of One Australian?' Butler criticised Adolf Hitler, yet added that the Nazi leader 'appears to be showing some indication of attacking the financial system, and the Jews' (9).
		The Country Party could well have done without the Australian League of Rights and its 'Save the Country Party Campaign',' Brockett writes, 'although it is doubtful that its electoral defeat in 1972 would have been averted if the League had not existed.' This is a statement as curious as it is oblique.
	www.h-net.org /~anzau/journal/articles/greason.htm (6572 words)

	Apparently, there are many ways to say 'yes' at a referendum - but not 'no' - On Line Opinion - 14/4/2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Referendum (Machinery Provisions) Act 1984 (Cth.) sets out the procedures for the holding of referendums to ask the Australian electors whether they approve of proposals to alter the Constitution.
		The last such referendum was held in 1999, when Australian electors were asked whether they wished to amend the Constitution to change Australia’s system of government from a constitutional monarchy to a republic.
		At national referendums to amend the Constitution, voters generally rely on official AEC referendum advertising for guidance on how to fill out their ballot papers correctly.
	www.onlineopinion.com.au /view.asp?article=2136 (1849 words)

	Australian referendum, 1984 (Terms of Senators) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Constitution Alteration (Terms of Senators) 1984 proposed for the third time that Senate and House elections be constitutionally enforced to occur on the same day.
		The proposal was put to a referendum in the Australian referendum, 1984.
		The results showed a narrow overall national majority acceptance for the proposal, however did not achieve the state majority required to be carried.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Australian_referendum,_1984_(Terms_of_Senators) (182 words)

	AlterNet: War on Iraq: Pacific Rift
		Opposition leader Mark Latham, who vows to pull Australian troops out of Iraq and has described George W. Bush as the most incompetent and dangerous American president in living memory, could soon lead Australia.
		Attempting to heal a potential rift, U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell emphasized, "Australia will always be a close friend of the U.S.," and that the U.S. respected the right of the Australians to choose their own leader.
		If Latham wins and goes ahead with his promise to withdraw Australian troops, it will follow a similar move by the newly elected Spanish government, which drew criticism from both the American and Australian governments.
	www.alternet.org /waroniraq/19898 (869 words)

	Bougainville Peace Agreement: Bougainville: Peace Agreements: Library and Links: U.S. Institute of Peace
		Eligibility to vote in the referendum will be the same as for national elections in Bougainville plus non-resident Bougainvilleans (detailed criteria to be finalised through consultation).
		The question(s) to be asked in the referendum should be clear and agreed by the National Government and the autonomous Bougainville Government.
		The agreed dispute resolution mechanism will be used to resolve any differences concerning any issues related to holding the referendum, including issues concerning the questions or method of choice in referendum, and the actual date of the referendum.
	www.usip.org /library/pa/bougainville/bougain_20010830_C_F.html (2616 words)

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