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Topic: Australian referendum, 1906

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	The role of Australian imperialism in the Asia-Pacific region (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Australian merchants, bankers and industrialists benefited from the wealth of the goldfields, the inflow of British capital and the growth of wage labour and of the domestic market as a result of large-scale immigration from the British Isles.
		Australian navy personnel, who help to maintain the boats and advise on their use, are considered a strategic benefit for the Australian military because they act as "eyes and ears" in the recipient countries.
		Australian imperialist policy during this period was not motivated by a desire to protect major investments or to achieve a boost in commercial activities for Australian capitalists.
	www.dsp.org.au /links/back/issue18/dsp.htm (8443 words)

	Australian referendum, 1967 (Aboriginals) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is frequently stated that the 1967 referendum gave Aboriginal people Australian citizenship and that it gave them the right to vote in federal elections.
		In his speech on the referendum legislation, the Prime Minister, Robert Menzies, said that Section 51 would not be altered so that the possibility of laws discriminating against Aborigines could not be enacted.
		The referendum was carried, with a close to ninety-one per cent of the voters supporting the alterations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Australian_referendum,_1967_(Aboriginals) (2221 words)

	Australian Unity - Company History
		The Australian Natives' Association (ANA) was founded in April 1871 and continued for one hundred and twenty-two years until September 1993, when it merged with Manchester Unity Friendly Society to become Australian Unity Friendly Society.
		With its concern for Australian interests and its vision of a country united by Federation, it attracted men with a sense of Australian destiny, many of whom were to rise to positions of national significance.
		Australian Federation: Lecture on The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia Bill, as adopted by The National Australasian Convention at Sydney, 9th April 1891.
	www.australianunity.com.au /au/info/federation.asp (901 words)

	Australian General History - History Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Referendums in Australia are written into the Constitution, and a referendum in each state agreed to federation via a referendum.
		The ANZAC myth is that the Australian soldier is a demi-god like figure, tall, bronzed, a bit of a larrakin, disdainful of authority and other traditional military practice (unless it's earned in their eyes), with an amazing bravery unseen in soldiers of other countries and an affectionate comradeship for each other.
		Australian soldiers had to trudge almost knee deep in mud with guns that mostly dated from WWI, fighting ferocious Japanese, who were starving so much they either ate off the land or ate dead Australian soldiers.
	www.simaqianstudio.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=924 (8625 words)

	Parliament of Australia: Senate: Papers on Parliament No 35 - Chapter 6
		As I mentioned earlier, approval of a referendum proposal requires the dual majority test: obtaining a national majority, which is a majority of votes on an Australia-wide basis; and also what was originally termed a federal majority, which is a majority of the votes in a majority of the states.
		Referendum scholars have traditionally held that `the balance of advantage is with the proponents of the “No” case.' [33] The onus is on the Yes case to turn things around, and the official pamphlet provides an opportunity for the No case to confuse rather than clarify.
		Referendums have a greater tendency to generate Yes votes when held separately from general elections; but at such referendums there is also a tendency for voters to stray from their traditional party loyalties.
	www.aph.gov.au /senate/pubs/pops/pop35/c06.htm (11361 words)

	Australian Quotes & Notes - The Quotes - 1901 to 1950 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Morant was an adopted Australian of dubious past (he was supposed to have been married, briefly, to Daisy Bates before she went forth to supervise the twilight of the tribes), while Handcock was a clear-eyed Australian lad (his name was quietly added to a war memorial in Bathurst, NSW, later).
		Australians did not learn of the executions until long after the men were buried and, as a consequence, passed the Australian Defence Act the following year which made certain that Australian soldiers under British command could not be executed.
		Australians, tired of the great events that had ruled their lives in the previous decade, embraced the 'pictures'.
	www.australianquotes.com /quotes_1901-1950.html (18481 words)

	Northern Territory Statehood Steering Committee
		The rules require a majority of Australians in a majority of states to record a YES vote (the ‘double majority’ rule).
		• Territorians as residents of South Australia in 1906 could vote and be counted in the first Australian referendum (A YES result about the timing of Senate elections).
		• In 1977 a referendum question asked if electors in territories, as well as electors in the States should be allowed to vote at referendums on proposed laws to alter the Constitution.
	www.dcm.nt.gov.au /dcm/statehood/factsheets/200506factsheet10.shtml (296 words)

	Dictionary of Australian Biography E (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Western Australia did not take part in the referendum held in 1898, and the government under Forrest (q.v.) was opposed to the proposals for federation even so late as the end of 1899.
		He was awarded the Wollaston Fund by the Geological Society of London in 1877, the Clarke medal by the Royal Society of New South Wales in 1895, and the von Mueller medal by the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science in 1911.
		The South Australian government sent a vessel with fresh supplies to Fowler's Bay, and, after a rest of some days, Eyre, Barter, one of the Europeans of the original party, and three aborigines with 11 horses, started on their long journey to King George's Sound.
	gutenberg.net.au /dictbiog/0-dict-biogE.html (10180 words)

	1999 Referendum Report and Statistics
		The two proposed constitutional changes put to Australian electors at the 1999 referendum were not approved by a 'double majority' of electors.
		Nationally, 95.1 per cent of eligible electors voted in the 1999 referendum. The national and State and Territory summary of turnout is on page 71 of the statistics section and the divisional turnout figures are on pages 71 through 73.
		The Australian Electoral Officer for each State and Territory produced a written statement showing the referendum results for their particular State or Territory. These statements certified the number of 'yes' votes, 'no' votes and informal votes for both of the proposed constitutional changes.
	www.aec.gov.au /_content/When/referendums/1999_report/key_results.htm (422 words)

	Australian republic referendum, 1999 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 1999 Australian referendum was a two question referendum held on 6 November 1999.
		Firstly, Australians have traditionally been cautious about proposed constitutional change: only 8 out of 43 referenda since 1909 have been approved by a majority of voters in a majority of states (as they must be to succeed).
		Despite the hopes of radical republicans such as Phil Cleary, the referendum defeat was generally viewed as a setback for the republican cause and no further referenda on the subject were mooted by the Howard government.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1999_Australian_republic_referendum (1522 words)

	Australian referendum, 1906 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Australian referendum of the 12th December, 1906 approved an amendment to the Australian constitution related to the terms of office of federal senators.
		The 1906 vote was the first referendum ever held in the Commonwealth of Australia and concerned the first amendment made to the constitution since its enactment.
		By 1906 it was felt to be unlikely that Senate terms would generally coincide with House of Representatives terms, and that for this reason a change would be beneficial.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Australian_referendum,_1906 (490 words)

	Billy Hughes
		In 1911 he married Mary Campbell, who was made a Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire in 1922 in recognition of her services during World War I. Deputy leader of the Labor Party under Fisher, Hughes held the influential Attorney-General portfolio.
		In January 1916, he set out to Britain to argue for more Australian participation in deciding the conduct of the war, and whilst there purchased, without reference to Cabinet, a fleet of 25 ships to form the basis of the government-owned shipping line (sold off in 1928).
		In the midst of heavy losses on the Somme, the first referendum on compulsory conscription was rejected by the people.
	members.tripod.com /virtaus4/volume6/prime_ministers/billy_hughes.htm (782 words)

	Australian Quotes & Notes - The Quotes - 1950 to the Present (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Extensive consideration of the problem clearly indicates that there is no one cause and we have discussed various relevant factors such as the previous preparation of students, the gap between school and university, the pressure of curricula, teaching methods, inadequate staffing and the absence of student guidance.
		Australian women embraced the contraceptive pill from the mid-1960s and they were in charge of their own bodies as never before.
		In the event of a successful introduction which may be made or arranged by you, and provided the interest for a term does not exceed eight percent per annum in total, we would be prepared to pay a brokerage fee of two and a half percent deducted at the source to you and/or you nominees.
	www.australianquotes.com /quotes_1950-present.html (18674 words)

	Read the majority judgement \| News \| The Australian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It is unnecessary for present purposes to go into the detail of the constitution of the AFPC save to say that Commissioners are appointed by the Governor General (s 38) and their terms and conditions of employment are governed by Div 2 of Pt 2 of the Act.
		Otherwise, in most Australian colonies, and later in the States, incorporation of a non profit association with limited liability was possible only under the relevant companies legislation.
		Yet it is suggested that failure of the referendum casts light on the meaning of the Constitution.
	www.theaustralian.news.com.au /story/0,20867,20754950-601,00.html (16538 words)

	First World War.com - Who's Who - Billy Hughes
		His insistence upon calling two conscription referendums (October 1916 and November/December 1917 and which he both lost) split Labor and resulted in his ejection from the party, upon which he formed the Nationalist Party.
		Hughes travelled to Britain in January 1916 to argue for greater Australian involvement in determining the conduct of the war.
		Hughes travelled to London again in April 1918 to attend the Imperial War Cabinet and was in London when the armistice was agreed.
	www.firstworldwar.com /bio/hughes.htm (730 words)

	Australian Unity: Centenary of Federation Website People
		Alfred Deakin was a life member of the Prahran Branch of the Australian Natives' Association, and although he never took a position of leadership in the Association, he worked closely with it in the quest for Federation.
		James Hume-Cook was well known in the Australian Natives' Association, as he served on the Board of Directors for 48 years -38 years as Treasurer.
		John Quick was not a native-born Australian, but came to Australia from Cornwall in 1854 at the age of 2 years, settling with his family at the goldfields town of Bendigo.
	www.australianunity.com.au /au/cofederation/people.asp (3167 words)

	The Australian Federal Constitution: Net Resources (About)
		Proceedings and appendices (the latter consisting of speeches, letters, and assorted papers, as well as poetry, a manifesto, and the draft of a bill adopted by the convention (basically the one adopted by the 1891 convention but with various amendments; eg the Senate was to be popularly elected)).
		From that time referendum questions have attained a certain importance in England, and we now study the system, not as a mere constitutional curiosity, but as a possibility of the future.
		From an Australian constitutional standpoint, the most interesting section is the one where the appointment of Sir Isaac Isaac as Governor-General is slotted into the wider evolution of Empire to Commonwealth.
	www-personal.edfac.usyd.edu.au /staff/souters/constitution/about.html (7628 words)

	Australian Trade Union Archives, Timeline
		Victorian nurses strike for fifty days in response to lack of action by the government in securing their award conditions.
		Amongst its objectives are a reduced role for the Australian Industrial Relations Commission, particularly as regards arbitral powers, a strongly-increased emphasis on direct agreements on employment matters between employers and employees at the workplace level, and a decreased role for trade unions in the industrial relations system.
		After two months an agreement is reached between the Union and Patrick, involving the dropping of all legal action against the company and their paying the expenses; Patrick also agrees not to seek to change key award conditions and to withdraw an application to the Industrial Relations Commission to reduce overtime and penalty rates.
	www.atua.org.au /atua_timeline.htm (2546 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 99055004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Since the 1967 constitutional referendum, Australian governments have moved toward policies of Indigenous self-determination.
		Obliged to Be Difficult presents the central issue of self-determination as seen by Dr. H.
		This book is both an account of government policies and a biographical slice of an outstanding Australian.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/description/cam0210/99055004.html (156 words)

	Referendums
		Any proposed alteration to the Australian Constitution must be put to the direct vote of the entire electorate in a referendum.
		This CD-ROM contains all 1999 referendum statistics to polling place level and also provides the electoral history and results to divisional level of all constitutional Referendums since 1906.
		Electoral Newsfile No. 86: Referendum 1999 - The Votes and the Count [October 1999]
	www.aec.gov.au /_content/when/referendums/index.htm (124 words)

	Lex Scripta: Australian Federal Constitution
		Australian Electoral Commission - Referendum Dates and Results 1906 - 1988
		Australian Parliament: Select sources on Constitutional change in Australia 1901-1997
		The Australian Federal Constitution - A Guide to Net Resources
	www.lexscripta.com /legal/statutes/constitution_Australia.html (136 words)

	A. V. Dicey: Law of the Constitution
		12, the Imperial Parliament has given to the Parliament of the Australian Commonwealth power to modify many provisions of the Commonwealth Act, and the Imperial Parliament, under the National Insurance Act, 1911, has given power to the Insurance Commissioners and to the Board of Trade to modify some provisions of the Insurance Act.
		These ideas are (i) Woman Suffrage, (2) Proportional Representation, (3) Federalism, (4) The Referendum.
		The brief criticism of each of these new ideas which alone in this Introduction it is possible to give, will be facilitated by attending to two general observations which apply more or less to each of the four proposed reforms or innovations.
	www.constitution.org /cmt/avd/law_con.htm (17867 words)

	Significant dates in Australian History from 1486-1945 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Fight between the SYDNEY and EMDEN at Cocos (November).
		Great battle on the Somme (August 8); capture of Mont St. Quentin by Australian forces.
		Defeat of Referendum on increased powers for Commonwealth.
	gutenberg.net.au /timeline.html (537 words)

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