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Topic: Australian referendum, 1910 (State Debts)

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	CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION - Wednesday, 11 February 1998
		If a majority of Australians and a majority of states do support a republic, it is vitally important that all states take as soon as possible the appropriate, consequential, constitutional and legislative steps to ensure they republicanise their institutions.
		Changing state constitutions to reflect a preferred republican model in the event of a successful move to a republic at Commonwealth level must be an exercise in federalist cooperation, not in centralist coercion.
		Thus, there would be a clear mandate for the parliaments of the states to cooperate in necessary amendments to the Australia acts and to change their own constitutions by legislation or by referenda as the case may be.
	www.australianpolitics.com /issues/republic/convention/11_02_2.shtml (11878 words)

	referendums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Following the approval by the electors in the Referendum of 1977 for the proposal to amend section 128, that section now allows electors in the Territories, as well as electors in the States, to vote on Referendums on proposed laws to alter the Constitution.
		State Debts - Submission to the electors of a proposed law for the alteration of the Constitution entitled Constitution Alteration (State Debts) 1909.
		State Debts - Submission to the electors of a proposed law for the alteration of the Constitution entitled Constitution Alteration (State Debts).
	www.monarchist.org.au /referendums.htm (2288 words)

	Electoral Newsfile 84: Referendum 1999 Information Guide
		The Australian Electoral Commission's role at the referendum is to provide voting services to the electors of Australia to enable them to have their say on the proposed laws to alter the Constitution.
		Australians living or travelling overseas will be able to vote at approximately 100 different overseas locations including Australian embassies, consulates and high commissions or they will be able to vote by post.
		Means the period commencing the day the writ is issued for the referendum and ending a the latest time on polling day at which an elector in Australia could enter a polling booth for the purposes of voting in the referendum.
	www.aec.gov.au /_content/How/newsfiles/084/news84.htm (2074 words)

	Read the majority judgement \| News \| The Australian
		State unfair dismissal jurisdictions are intended to be excluded by the Act in so far as they apply to s 6(1) employers and their employees.
		These concessions do not preclude the States from advancing the arguments made in the present case, but they draw attention to the fact that reliance on the corporations power to sustain parts of the new Act is not unprecedented.
		And the fact that the early proposals (of 1910 and 1912) were prompted by the decision in Huddart Parker does not confine those proposals to the questions that now fall for decision in the present matters.
	www.theaustralian.news.com.au /story/0,20867,20754950-601,00.html (16897 words)

	Parliamentary Handbook: Referendums and Plebiscites
		The referendum is used in Australia as part of the formal process of amending the Commonwealth Constitution.
		The Constitution originally provided that Bills to alter the Constitution had to be approved by referendum in a majority of States and by a majority of all electors voting.
		No proposed amendment diminishing the proportionate representation of any State in either House of the Parliament, or the minimum number of representatives of a State in the House of Representatives, or altering the boundaries of a State, may become law unless the majority of the electors voting in that State approve the proposed law.
	www.aph.gov.au /library/handbook/referendums (519 words)

	Government in Australia
		The consent of the electors has been given in regard to eight matters: election of senators (1906); state debts (1910); state debts (1928); social services (1946); Aboriginal people (1967); Senate casual vacancies (1977); retirement age for federal judges (1977); the right of territory electors to vote in constitutional referenda (1977).
		State Senators are elected for 6 year terms, territory Senators for 3 year terms.
		Under the Commonwealth Electoral Act and the related State laws, voting is compulsory in Commonwealth, State and Territory elections.
	www.spinneypress.com.au /192_book_desc.html (901 words)

	1301.0 - Year Book Australia, 2005
		Where a law of a state is inconsistent with a law of the Commonwealth, the latter law prevails and the former law is, to the extent of the inconsistency, invalid.
		It must also be submitted to a referendum of the electors in each state and territory.
		An amendment must be approved by a majority of the voters in a majority of the states and by a majority of all voters.
	www.abs.gov.au /ausstats/ABS@.nsf/00000000000000000000000000000000/0A046DEB8980550ACA256F7200832F06?opendocument (565 words)

	T\temp\asglec
		State senates in particular were heavily malapportioned, because representation in them was usually on the basis of a political unit, usually the county.
		State govt is guided by a theory of repres democr that holds democracy is most meaningful in large, urbanized and populous communities when the people periodically choose their represent.
		In state legislatures with a large professional staff it is often as important to communicate with the members of the legislator's staff as it is with the legislator.
	www.clt.astate.edu /mguffey/asglec.htm (19565 words)

	A. V. Dicey: Law of the Constitution
		Happily, crises arise from time to time in the history of any great state when, because national existence or national independence is at stake, the mass of a whole people feel that the authority of the nation is the one patent and the one certain political fact.
		In the Congress of the United States the Speaker of the House of Representatives is a man of character and of vigour, but he is an avowed partisan and may almost be called the parliamentary leader of the party which is supported by a majority in the House of Representatives.
		Before, however, any attempt is made to state the specific objections which in my judgment lie against the introduction of proportional representation into the parliamentary constitution of England, it is essential to discriminate between two different ideas which are confused together under the one demand for proportional representation.
	www.constitution.org /cmt/avd/law_con.htm (17867 words)

	TomDispatch - Tomgram: Chalmers Johnson, Coming to Terms with China
		China, Japan, and the United States are the three most productive economies on Earth, but China is the fastest growing (at an average rate of 9.5% per annum for over two decades), whereas both the U.S. and Japan are saddled with huge and mounting debts and, in the case of Japan, stagnant growth rates.
		Most important, China's external debt is relatively small and easily covered by its reserves; whereas both the U.S. and Japan are approximately $7 trillion in the red, which is worse for Japan with less than half the U.S. population and economic clout.
		The United States has also been actively negotiating with Japan to relocate the Army's 1st Corps from Fort Lewis, Washington, to Camp Zama, southwest of Tokyo in the densely populated prefecture of Kanagawa, whose capital is Yokohama.
	www.tomdispatch.com /index.mhtml?pid=2259 (7947 words)

	Prime Minister: Alfred Deakin
		His splendid oratory enlivened meetings throughout Victoria, from the annual conference of the Australian Natives Association in 1893, to the public meetings leading up to the Federation referendum in June 1898.
		Between April and September 1899, successful referendums were held in all colonies, except Western Australia, enabling the Bill to be submitted to the British parliament.
		Deakin was given a state funeral, his coffin brought from his house in Walsh Street, South Yarra to Parliament House.
	www.gavmag.com /austpm/pm_deakin.htm (1797 words)

	Parliamentary Handbook: Referendum results 1928
		Constitution Alteration (State Debts) 1928 sought to insert section 105A which would in effect ratify the Financial Agreement which had already been accepted by all the Australian Governments.
		This terminated the system of per capita payments which had been in operation since 1910, and restricted the right of each State to borrow for its own development by subjecting that borrowing to control by a Loan Council.
		Obtained majority in all six States and an overall majority of 1 463 539 votes.
	www.aph.gov.au /library/handbook/referendums/r1928.htm (128 words)

	Referendum Dates and Results 1906 - Present
		* indicates a referendum that was not held in conjunction with an election
		To implement the agreement to allow the Commonwealth to make a fixed payment out of surplus revenue to the States according to population.
		to give a vote in referendums to electors in the ACT and the Northern Territory, and to enable amendments to be made to the Constitution if approved by a majority of voters and a majority of voters in half the States
	www.aec.gov.au /_content/when/referendums/dates.htm (728 words)

	Index of The Constitution For The United States, Its Sources and Its Applications
		BILL OF RIGHTS, Preamble, 140-4; demanded by States as condition of ratification, 140-5; Constitution and Amendments do not confer Rights, 140-13; in the body of the Constitution, 140-20; in first ten Amendments, 141; of Philippine Islands, decision under, 161-4.
		DEBT, See PUBLIC DEBT, bankruptcy clause for relief of, 47; rigor of the laws respecting, 47-6; not protected by Articles of Confederation, 47-1; First Congress endorsed imprisonment of debtor, 47-11; Georgia founded for, 47-10; discharge from prison and liability recommended by Jackson, 47-6; States had aided, by stay laws and paper money, 71-2
		PUBLIC DEBT, Civil War debt retired, 44-2; highest amount after World War I, 44-2; after World War II,44-2; assumed by new government on adoption of Constitution, 132; Hamilton's estimate of, 132-2; due to Civil War made obligatory by Fourteenth Amendment, 177; of Confederate States not to be paid, 178-1
	www.barefootsworld.net /constit0.html (3952 words)

	Australian Constitution & Cyberspace: Landmarks
		This page highlights key Australian legal developments, in particular those relating to the constitution and cyberspace.
		Cases are those in the High Court unless otherwise identified.
		1926 Victoria v Commonwealth ('Roads Case') confirms that specific purpose payments from Commonwealth to States could be directed to areas of government responsibility not included in formal Commonwealth responsibilities under Constitution.
	www.caslon.com.au /constitutionprofile19.htm (1658 words)

	1301.0 - Year Book Australia, 2004
		Indigenous fishing activity in northern Australian waters (Feature Article)
		Impact of the drought on Australian production in 2002-03 (Feature Article)
		Where a law of a state is inconsistent with a law of the Commonwealth, the latter law prevails and the former law is, to the extent of the inconsistency, invalid (for state and territory government, see later sections).
	www.abs.gov.au /Ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/09154E4B1A3A15F7CA256DEA00053A4E?opendocument (447 words)

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