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	Australian republicanism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Australian republicanism is a movement within Australia to replace the country's existing status as a Commonwealth realm under a constitutional monarchy with a republican form of government.
		Australians for Constitutional Monarchy and the Australian Monarchist League, who reject republicanism, argue that no model is better than the present system and argue that the risk and difficulty of changing the constitution is best demonstrated by inability of republicans to back a definitive design.
		Four republican models were debated: two involving direct election of the head of state; one involving appointment by the Prime Minister (the McGarvie Model); and one involving appointment by a two-thirds majority of Parliament (the bi-partisan appointment model).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Australian_republicanism (2381 words)

	Australian Republican Movement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was founded as a non-partisan group advocating the constitutional change to a republic, following the Australian Labor Party's adoption of republicanism as its policy.
		Although opinion polls showed that most Australians favoured becoming a republic, divisions emerged in the Movement between those who favoured indirect election of the President by Parliament, and those who favoured direct election by the people.
		This led to Australian voters rejecting at a referendum in 1999 a constitutional amendment to a specific form of republic described by some as the "minimalist" model because it involved the least change to the constitution of the various republican models proposed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Australian_Republican_Movement (196 words)

	Australian republicanism: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The 1999 Australian republic referendum was a two question referendum (referendum: A legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate) held on 6 November 1999.
		Australians for Constitutional Monarchy (Australians for Constitutional Monarchy: australians for constitutional monarchy (acm) was founded in june 1992 to defend the...
		Republicanism in New Zealand (Republicanism in New Zealand: republicanism in new zealand is the movement to abolish the constitutional monarchy in...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/australian_republicanism (2929 words)

	Discovering Democracy - Teaching Civics - Professional Development - Articles - Glenn Davies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The republican debate has arisen at this particular point in Australia's history, the 1990s, not because of any obvious impact which a decision either way would have on the lives of Australians, but as a direct outgrowth of modern reassessments of what it means to be a liberal democracy.
		Scholars have identified three specific themes in republicanism (Carter 1993); the idea that a republic is a state without hereditary rulers, in particular a state without royalty; the rule of law and the requirement of checks and balances; and the need for republican virtue.
		The republican tradition of civic freedom and political equailty began with the ancient Greek distinction between the public space of the polis, and the private realm of the household.
	www.curriculum.edu.au /democracy/prof_dev/daviesg.htm (3698 words)

	Parliament of Australia: Senate: Papers on Parliament No 34 - Chapter 1
		The concept of republicanism, rightly understood, is essential to an appreciation of the Australian constitution, because of the way in which the framers of the constitution drew upon republican as well as monarchical models for the keystones of their edifice.
		What is now called republicanism, while aiming to dispense with the formal position of the crown, tends to adhere to the power-concentrating monarchical elements of the constitution and oppose the power-limiting republican ingredients, while the defence of the monarchy tends to rally to the republican parts of the constitution.
		Australians are constantly being told that the years leading up to the centenary of federation provide an opportunity for a review of the constitution and a consideration of whether changes should be made to the constitutional order of the country.
	www.aph.gov.au /senate/pubs/pops/pop24 (14695 words)

	Libertarian individuals in Australian republicanism - On Line Opinion - 9/8/2005
		The Australian Republican newspaper only lasted 14 months, and with the shearers focusing on establishing Labor as a political party, and as a voice for their individual and political rights, the notion of an Australian or Queensland republic was not pursued.
		Australian republicans maintained an individualistic streak, not collapsing their belief in the superiority of a republican form of government, and the precedence of individual and political rights into a popular political movement.
		For Australian republicans, it is a fait accompli - the inevitable republic - utterly rational.
	www.onlineopinion.com.au /view.asp?article=3751 (1715 words)

	Workshop Program - Previous Workshops (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Republican Movement was viewed sympolically by excluded and disadvantaged groups as an opportunity for new confirmation of rights and principles confirming equality and recognition of the Indigenous owners.
		For all Australians who wish to see the concept of a republic broadened, thereby moving the culture of Australian republicanism away from nationalism towards democratic republicanism, it is necessary to work towards achieving an open democratic process that will facilitate a full national discussion.
		He argued that a non-traditional contemporary republicanism is now required and that this republicanism needed to recognise the continuing importance of the nation state but to moderate nation state governance with cosmopolitan perspectives.
	www.assa.edu.au /Workshop/pw.asp?id=65 (1747 words)

	BBC News \| Asia-Pacific \| The birth of republicanism
		Republicanism came to Australia with the first fleet of convicts in 1788 that included Irish Nationalists exiled by the British for pushing the cause of Irish independence.
		Australian republicans would have to wait over a century before their cause gained widespread appeal.
		Although the tide of Australian History seems to be sweeping the Republicans' way, a Yes vote on 6 November is by no means certain.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/asia-pacific/491114.stm (875 words)

	Australian Parliamentary Library - 1995-96 Research Paper 31
		Reflecting this narrowing in the debate, Australian conservatives have perhaps invested too much of their democratic heritage in the British monarchy, while the Labor Party has severed the connection between republicanism and social democracy which was a part of republicanism in the early years of the labour movement.
		Whereas the conservative tradition of republicanism was able to accommodate a dual allegiance to both Crown and adopted Country, the Labor tradition has always sought to frame the issue of loyalty as a choice between Australian independence and fealty to the mother country.
		The conservative tradition of Australian republicanism is one centred on representative democracy not on the monarchy.
	www.aph.gov.au /library/pubs/rp/1995-96/96rp31.htm (7335 words)

	AUS14 Course - Week One (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It was the Australian Natives' Association in Victoria that continued to grapple with the problem of reconciling Australian nationalism with the British relationship.
		The young editor of the Australian Republican, Fred Vosper, wrote a challenging editorial, 'Bread or Blood' in which he asserted that it would be 'better to see the last squatter and the last member of this hateful Government butchered' than for the shearers to yield.
		Republicanism was not seen as a menace by the respectable.
	www.arts.monash.edu.au /ncas/teach/unit/aus/aus14wk01.html (3588 words)

	ozpolitics.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Australian republicanism is concerned with replacing the hereditary monarch and her representative, the Governor-General, with a nominated or elected head of State (however that position might be titled).
		Australian republicanism is not about instituting representative parliamentary democracy nor responsible cabinet government.
		Furthermore, republicans who wanted a President selected on the basis of a direct election, argued that if the Bipartisan Appointment Model was unsuccessful it is only a matter of time before there will be another republican referendum, given the sway of pro-republican public opinion.
	www.ozpolitics.info /topics/republic.htm (1867 words)

	Independent Publishers Group
		Countering the tendency in contemporary scholarship to conflate republicanism with nationalism and independence from Britain, this study examines Australian republicanism in terms of the different ways Australians have imagined themselves as civic beings.
		A wide range of primary material is used to illuminate the different types of republicanism that have emerged in the political and social dialogues.
		Contained are documents pertaining to republicanism, citizenship, identity, and government that cover the early colonial years to the present day.
	www.ipgbook.com /showbook.cfm?bookid=0522850707&userid=13796326 (154 words)

	The Captive Republic - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This book, the first comprehensive history of republican thought and activity in Australia, traces debate around an Australian republic from 1788 to the present.
		It explains the pivotal role played by republican philosophies in the decades before responsible government was granted to the Australian colonies in 1856 and up to Federation in 1901.
		Controversial in many ways, The Captive Republic shows that republicanism has not necessarily been a minor force in Australia’s political history and illustrates the striking similarities between the arguments of both republicans and monarchists in the 1990s and those which existed 150 years ago.
	www.cambridge.org /0521572584 (187 words)

	The Australian Republic Issue: A Guide (Issues and Opinions)
		At the Australian Bureau of Statistics site, which in turn was a "reproduction of the summary report, under the same title, of the Republic Advisory Committee, subject to minor changes in presentation for the Year Book".
		A law student's view of such issues as "what type of republican government should be adopted and what changes should be made to the constitution to affect a republic are ones that continue to spark much argument...[the] questions and also the reasons for and against Australia becoming a republic" and "the problems of interpreting s.
		Don Chipp, also a contributer to Republican Australia?, and a former Liberal member of Federal parliament from 1969 to 1977 who left the party to form the Australian Democrats, believes that republicanism is a real issue and a sensible one to discuss.
	www-personal.edfac.usyd.edu.au /staff/souters/republic1.html (12761 words)

	Whistle Stopper Political Forums - Australian Republicanism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Most Australian's probably disagreed with the Governor-General's actions though still when it came to choosing a government, they simply though the Liberal/Country Coalition would do a better job over the Labor Party.
		India is still part of the Commonwealth and they no longer have any direct connection to the crown, so I would assume the same option would be open to Australia as well, providing they wish to remain part of the Commonwealth.
		Most Australians have a terrible chip on their shoulders about their nations history...
	www.whistlestopper.com /forum/showthread.php?p=79759 (1131 words)

	Australian Republicans, Australian Republicanism Meetups, events, clubs and groups in your area (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Australian Republicans, Australian Republicanism Meetups, events, clubs and groups in your area
		28 Australian Republicans, friends, and people who want to learn more.
		Meet other locals who support the Australian Republican Movement, and its intent to replace Australia's existing status as a Commonwealth realm under a constitutional monarchy with a republican form of government.
	australianrep.meetup.com (54 words)

	Castle Hill Uprising - Birth of Australian Republicanism - History of Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Birth Of Australian Republicanism, involving convicts, (for the most part Irish political offenders) the Castle Hill uprising began with the rebels' seizure of the New South Wales convict station at Parramatta on March 4 and culminated in a clash between the rebels and government troops on the following day.
		The actual scene of this clash is now called Rouse Hill, about 10 miles (16 kilometres) from the present suburb of Castle Hill.
		As for the "less culpable" Irish, King had them worked in widely separated chain gangs on the rim of the little colony, where they were driven mercilessly "with no other intermission than the time allowed for their meals and the Sabbath."
	www.eurekatimes.net /1805-Castle_Hill_Uprising.htm (1364 words)

	Get the best australian coins information here. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		TWO new Australian coins have been minted to commemorate the 80th birthday of the Queen.
		Her face passed through my hands, on the strange bright-colored Australian bills, and the coins, and the stamps.
		Australian fined for carrying bullet - Borneo Bulletin
	www.hot-coin-collection.com /australiancoins (914 words)

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