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Topic: Australopithecus africanus

Related Topics

Australopithecus anamensis

Australopithecus

Human evolution

Aegyptopithecus

Australopithecus afarensis

Paranthropus

Paranthropus aethiopicus

Sahelanthropus tchadensis

Orrorin tugenensis

Cradle of Humanity

Hominid

Homo sapiens

Homo habilis

Chimpanzee

Miocene

	Australopithecines
		Some believe that some of the australopithecine species are directly ancestral to humans, however others hold they are a "side-branch" of the line that led to humans, and not direct human ancestors.
		africanus, which are termed "gracile." The smaller gracile forms Australopithecus africanus and Australopithecus afarensis (the species which includes the famous fossil “Lucy") are typically thought to be the most closely related to humans.
		Studies have found that Australopithecus africanus (very similar to Australopithecus afarensis), the australopithecine species often thought to be the most closely related to humans, had a body shape more similar to modern apes than to members of the genus Homo.
	www.iscid.org /encyclopedia/Australopithecines (303 words)

	Australopithecus - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Australopithecus, an extinct genus of the hominid family found in Africa between about 4 and 1 million years ago.
		africanus to be a distinct species that is descended from A.
		The large-toothed australopithecines also had skeletons indicative of a heavier build than the small-toothed australopithecines; the former are believed to have weighed 25 to 50 lb (10 to 20 kg) more than the latter, even though they were approximately the same height.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-australo.html (839 words)

	Human Ancestors Hall: Austalopithecus africanus
		The Transvaal region of South Africa was the home to the species Australopithecus africanus, which lived 3.3 to 2.5 million years ago.
		This species was the first of the australopiths to be described; Raymond Dart named the genus and species in 1925 after his discovery of the famous Taung child.
		africanus to the "robust" early human species of southern Africa, Paranthropus robustus.
	www.mnh.si.edu /anthro/humanorigins/ha/afri.html (318 words)

	Ausralopithecus africanus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Australopithecus africanus inhabited the earth roughly 3 - 1.6 million years ago.
		The characteristic difference between the Ausrtalopithicus afarenis and africanus is the height and brain capacity.
		The height of the africanus is 1.4 m and the brain capacity is approximately 400 - 600 cc.
	hannover.park.org /Canada/Museum/man/africanus.html (87 words)

	Australopithecus africanus
		The species of Australopithecus africanus was named in a February, 1925, issue of Nature by Raymond Dart.
		africanus was bipedal due to the position of the foramen magnum, and was vindicated by later finds, such as STS 14, which showed unequivocally that africanus was an obligate biped.
		Walker and M. Wolpoff claim that the africanus chewing pattern is similar to modern hunter-gatherer groups, with the molars and premolars designed to last a lifetime of wear and tear (the oldest individuals dying at about the time they have no crowns left in their mouth - max age about 35).
	www.archaeologyinfo.com /australopithecusafricanus.htm (1489 words)

	Australopithecus garhi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Australopithecus anamensis, 3.9 to 4.1 ma, from Kanapoi and Allia Bay, Lake Turkana district, northwestern Kenya.
		Australopithecus africanus, the earliest described species, from South Africa; it has long known from the sites of Taung, Sterkfontein and Makapansgat, and recently specimens have begun to be excavated at other sites in the Sterkfontein Valley (Drimolen and Gladysvale).
		The type specimen of Australopithecus garhi is a partial cranium; from nearby sites, and perhaps belonging to the same species or perhaps not, come several postcranial bones including a partial skeletons, a fragment of a second cranium, and two mandibles (one fairly complete).
	home.austarnet.com.au /stear/cg_australopithecus_garhi.htm (2032 words)

	Human Origins: The theory
		Africanus existed in the period of 3 up to 2 million years ago and already showed more resemblance to human.
		Australopitecus afarensis and africanus are known as gracile australopithecines, because of their relatively lighter build, particularly in the skull and teeth.
		Australopithecus aethiopicus, robustus and boisei are known as robust australopithecines, since their skulls in particular were more heavily built.
	library.thinkquest.org /26070/data/eng/2/2.html (1949 words)

	Evolution: Humans: Origins of Humankind
		Australopithecus africanus was nearly identical in body and brain size to A.
		africanus were also fully rounded in front, like those of modern humans, and their canine teeth were smaller on average than those of A.
		Australopithecus africanus individuals probably inhabited open woodlands, where they would have foraged for fruits, seeds, and roots.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/evolution/humans/humankind/f.html (244 words)

	Hominid Species
		Although the teeth and jaws of africanus are much larger than those of humans, they are far more similar to human teeth than to those of apes (Johanson and Edey 1981).
		Australopithecus afarensis and africanus, and the other species above, are known as gracile australopithecines, because of their relatively lighter build, especially in the skull and teeth.
		Australopithecus aethiopicus, robustus and boisei are known as robust australopithecines, because their skulls in particular are more heavily built.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/homs/species.html (3114 words)

	A. Africanus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Australopithecus africanus lived between 3 and 2.3 million years ago mostly in South Africa although remains have been found else where.
		Australopithecus africanus has a cranial capacity of between 435cc and 530cc, and the average cranial capacity of 450cc.
		When compared to Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus africanus is less prognathous with a more rounded jaw and larger back teeth and canines.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/biology/humanevolution/africanus.html (200 words)

	Human Evolution
		Australopithecus africanus was quite similar to afarensis and lived between three and two million years ago.
		Somewhere along in that last million years of the reign of africanus, someone sharpened a stick, perhaps to use to dig roots, and discovered that a spear was a much more effective weapon for some uses than a club.
		Africanus would object loudly to that statement, because that statement is not quite true.
	www.onelife.com /evolve/manev.html (8461 words)

	Australopithecus africanus
		Most postcrania material attributed to africanus is well within the range of variation of the afarensis material, however, the limb proportions may be different.
		There is a fairly large sample of africanus teeth known (though not as large a smaple as the afarensis material).
		STW 505, an indovidual with a brain esimated to have been 625 cc, and the type specimen of africanus, the Taung Child.
	www.modernhumanorigins.net /africanus.html (1541 words)

	ANTH1 - PHYSICAL ANTHRO - PRACTICE FINAL EXAM - FALL 2004
		Homo sapiens; Homo heidelbergensis; Homo erectus; Homo habilis; Australopithecus africanus; Australopithecus afarensis; Ardipithecus ramidus
		Homo sapiens; Homo erectus; Homo heidelbergensis; Australopithecus africanus; Homo habilis; Australopithecus afarensis; Ardipithecus ramidus
		Homo sapiens; Homo neanderthalensis; Homo heidelbergensis; Homo erectus; Homo habilis; Australopithecus africanus; Australopithecus afarensis; Ardipithecus ramidus
	www.cabrillo.edu /~crsmith/practice_fa04.html (1968 words)

	Human Ancestors Hall: Makapansgat Composite Skull
		The MLD 1 specimen is the occipital area, or rear portion of the skull, of an adult A. africanus.
		The MLD 6 specimen is a partial maxilla and the right side of the face of an A. africanus individual, which is visible in frontal, lateral, and three-quarters view.
		The remainder of the skull, shown here in dark brown, is based on the shape of the skull from other A. africanus finds (particularly STS 5).
	www.mnh.si.edu /anthro/humanorigins/ha/africomp.html (285 words)

	Australopithecus africanus, the Taung child - Anthropology, Lower Palaeolithic 2.5million- at The Natural History ...
		Frontal view of a cast of a skull of Australopithecus africanus from Taung, Cape Province, South Africa.
		The original skull, thought to be of a child aged between 3-4 was discovered in 1924 by Raymond Dart.
		At first the cranium was thought to be that of a pongid, but Dart?s closer inspection revealed that this specimen had once walked upright.
	piclib.nhm.ac.uk /piclib/www/image.php?img=51654 (146 words)

	Turkana prehistory - Traditional Music & Cultures of Kenya
		Forgetting that rather simplistic image for a moment, the upshot of all this is that relatively intelligent, upright, tool-using ancestors of modern man lived in eastern Africa as early as 2.5 million or 3.6 million years ago, or almost twice the time span of previous estimates.
		As far as I can gather, Australopithecus africanus, which was first found in the Taung Caves in South Africa (and is called the "Taung child"), has not been found in Kenya.
		Australopithecus anamensis (anam is the Turkana word for lake) is thus the earliest bipedal hominid yet found, and the discovery has only started to fuel more controversy about whether australopithecus could indeed have been our direct ancestor.
	www.bluegecko.org /kenya/tribes/turkana/prehistory.htm (1616 words)

	Australopithecus africanus Skull (Taung Child) Bone Clones BH-016
		Australopithecus africanus Skull (Taung Child)was the first early hominid found in Africa, discovered in Taung, Bechuanland.
		Anatomy professor Raymond Dart identified this infant skull as a new, intermediary genus and species of hominid in 1924 (Australopithecus africanus means "man-ape of Southern Africa").
		The skull, though immature, features hominid rather than apelike characteristics: a rounded, high forehead lacking browridges, rounded dental arcade, no space between canine and first lower premolar, relatively large fossilized brain and a foramen magnum (the hole under the skull from which the spinal cord emerges) positioned forwardly under the skull indicating bipedal locomotion.
	www.boneclones.com /BH-016.htm (475 words)

	africanus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Some features of the genus Australopithecus are as follows: strong prognathism(where the lower face extends far beyond the eyes), a flat cranial base, large canines, long arms relative to the rest of the body, a relatively small brain(400 cc) and curved bones in the fingers and toes.
		Australopithecus africanus is much more ape-like in its limb proportions.
		It is believed that the south, from which Australopithecus africanus comes, stayed more forest-like for a longer period of time than did the east.
	hoopermuseum.earthsci.carleton.ca /emily/fifth.html (252 words)

	Australopithecus
		Brain volumes of Australopithecus, the most primitive possible human ancestor identified, ranges from 435 to 650 cc (other say 413 to 530 cc), well within the gorilla and chimpanzee range.
		Australopithecus was a bipedal ape with a small brain (450 cubic centimeters) (Washburn, 1978), and had massive, thickly enamelled molar teeth adapted to a diet of tough plant material.
		Australopithecus ' articular ball of the hip joint exerts about half the pressure on the joint that a human's does, as it is closer to its centre of gravity
	www.ecotao.com /holism/hu_austral.htm (7660 words)

	Alta Vista: Simple Query australopithecus
		Australopithecus robustus, one of the stockier forms of Australopithecines, lived in Southern Africa 1.2 to 2 million years ago.
		Australopithecus africanus, one of the two gracile species of Australopithecus could be found inhabiting South Africa 3 to 2 million years...
		This is a cranium of Australopithecus africanus, which lived in southern Africa between about 3 and 2 million years...
	www.unipv.it /webbio/baaustra.htm (990 words)

	Australopithecus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Until recently, the footprints have generally been classified as Australopithecine because that had been the only form of pre-human known to have existed in that region at that time; however, some scholars have considered reassigning them to a yet unidentified very early species of the genus Homo.
		The fossil record seems to indicate that Australopithecus is the common ancestor of the distinct group of hominines, now called Paranthropus (the "robust australopithecines"), and most likely the genus Homo which includes modern humans.
		Australopithecus: A. anamensis • A. afarensis • A. bahrelghazali • A. africanus • A. garhi
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Australopithecus (1227 words)

	Australopithecus africanus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In the Nature paper published by Dart, he stated that the Taung individual was an earlier form of human, and named it Australopithecus africanus ("southern ape from Africa").
		Australopithecus africanus appeared to be apelike in having a protruding face and small brain, but had distinctly unapelike dentition, including small canines and large, flat molars.
		A bipedal posture was again indicated by the central position of the foramen magnum, and by the anatomy of the spine, pelvis, and femur.
	www.geocities.com /palaeoanthropology/Aafricanus.html (358 words)

	Long Foreground - Species Timeline -Australopithecus africanus - 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The first discovery of an early hominid species in Africa was by Raymond Dart, pictured at left, who found this well preserved skull of a juvenile in South Africa in 1924.
		Dart named this newly discovered species Australopthicus africanus, or "Southern Ape of Africa." This speciman of a child, often called the "Taung Baby," after the site in which it was discovered, preserves remarkable physical details.
		An imprint of the brain case is preserved in limestone, and the foramen magnum, the opening in the skull through which the spinal cord attaches to the brain, indicates that this creature walked upright like human beings.
	www.wsu.edu:8001 /vwsu/gened/learn-modules/top_longfor/timeline/africanus/africanus-a.html (158 words)

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