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Topic: Austria legislative election, 1986

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	Austria HISTORY
		Austria also created a social fund to pay pensions to survivors no longer living in the country, in the amount of $100 million.
		Although Austria will not participate in military alliances requiring mutual defense commitments, the country is gradually moving towards closer integration with European security structures, which would allow for participation in the EU rapid reaction force and NATO's Partnership for Peace program.
		Austria contributed peacekeeping forces to the former Yugoslavia, and supported NATO strikes on Serbia during the Kosovo conflict.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Europe/Austria-HISTORY.html (2354 words)

	History of Austria
		Representatives of the new Republic of Austria convinced them that it was unfair to penalize Austria for the actions of a now dissolved Empire, especially as other areas of the Empire were now perceived to be on the "victorious" side, simply because they had renounced the Empire at the end of the war.
		The German-speaking parts of western Hungary, now christianed Burgenland, joined Austria as a new state in 1921, with the exception of the city of Sopron, whose population decided in a referendum (which is sometimes considered by Austrians to have been rigged) to remain with Hungary.
		Austria joined the European Union in 1995 (Video of the signing in 1994), and Austria was set on the track towards joining the Eurozone, which it did in 2002.
	www.travelaustriaplus.com /history.html (2109 words)

	Austria. Background Notes, July 2000
		The present boundaries of Austria, once the center of the Habsburg Empire that constituted the second-largest state in Europe, were established in accordance with the Treaty of St. Germain in 1919.
		The governors of Austria's nine Laender (provinces) are elected by the provincial legislatures.
		Austria's political leaders and people recognize and appreciate the essential role played by U.S. economic assistance through the Marshall Plan in the reconstruction of their country after World War II, and by the U.S. in promoting the conclusion of the Austrian State Treaty.
	www.pdgs.org.ar /country/austria-ci.htm (2869 words)

	Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1999 - Austria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Austria is a constitutional democracy with a federal parliamentary form of government.
		Legislation went into effect to increase protection for women against domestic violence, which has been a problem and is considered to be greatly underreported.
		Legislation was passed in 1997 to provide law enforcement agencies with expanded investigative tools, such as electronic eavesdropping, merging of databases, and witness protection programs.
	www.usemb.se /human/human1999/austria.html (6512 words)

	REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA et al. v. ALTMANN, 541 U.S. 677 -- US Supreme Court Cases from Justia & Oyez
		Born in Austria in 1916, respondent Maria V. Altmann escaped the country after it was annexed by Nazi Germany in 1938.
		Austria then enacted a restitution statute allowing individuals to reclaim properties that were subject to any such false assertion of ownership or coerced donation in exchange for export permits.
		Austria replies that, even so, this part of the statute is not "retroactive." Austria means that §1605(a)(3), the expropriation exception, does not apply to events that occurred in 1948, almost 30 years before the FSIA's enactment.
	supreme.justia.com /us/541/677/case.html (16832 words)

	WomenWatch - Austria: national action plan
		Austria supports the full implementation, at the national and the international level, of the international resolutions and programmes targeted at the full and equal participation of women in all spheres of life and of society, and advocates their translation into the national systems as well as into the UN system.
		Austria is committed to the principle of equal rights for all as a supporting pillar of any system designed for the protection of fundamental human rights and for the promotion of socially weaker population groups, in particular women.
		Austria has put in place a variety of state schemes which draw the attention of girls, and also of their parents, to forms of secondary and tertiary educational and vocational training which lie outside the traditional fields of "women's occupations", and which encourage girls to opt for such occupations (see Chapter B 3).
	www.un.org /womenwatch/confer/beijing/national/austria.htm (16036 words)

	Austrian Press & Information Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In 1925 Austria issued a new currency in the form of the schilling and the rigid control exercised by the League of Nations was withdrawn.
		Austria and its politicians, who had learnt from the bitter experiences of the past, together turned their attention to the reconstruction of the country and the restoration of full sovereignty.
		Austria's efforts to join the EEC met with harsh comments from the Soviet Union as one of the signatory parties of the State Treaty.
	www.austria.org /history_rep.shtml (6034 words)

	EuroSight.Info -- Austria Government Information Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		At times, Austria's political system seemed impervious to change, but by the middle of the 1980s, it had become clear that far-reaching social and economic trends were beginning to affect the country's politics.
		In the national election of 1990, the FPÖ won 16.6 percent of the vote, establishing itself as a new power in the Nationalrat.
		The strong emotions unleashed inside Austria by this matter showed that the older generation is still reluctant to discuss the country's role in the Nazi era.
	www.eurosight.info /eurosight/austria/Agovernment.aspx (990 words)

	Austrian Press & Information Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Austria's constitutional law comprises the Federal Constitution, in the strict sense of the term, a multitude of constitutional acts and state treaties.
		Austria is involved in international matters at different levels: after the signing of the State Treaty in May 1955, and the decision in favour of permanent neutrality, Austria joined the UN at the end of 1955, and the Council of Europe in 1956.
		Austria's international role in the nineties is also attested to by other events: membership of the UN Security Council in 1991/92, coincided with the Gulf War and the incipient conflict in Yugoslavia.
	www.austria.org /political.shtml (9406 words)

	Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2000 - Austria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		National elections were held in October 1999, in which the Social Democrats (SPO) won 65 seats in Parliament; the Freedom party (FPO) 52; the People's Party (OVP) 52; and the Green Party 14.
		During the national election campaign, the Freedom Party exploited the fears of many citizens that EU expansion and a continued influx of asylum seekers and refugees from the Balkans and other areas would result in uncontrolled immigration.
		Austria is particularly attractive to traffickers due to its geographic location and to the fact that citizens of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary do not require visas to enter the country.
	www.usemb.se /human/2000/europe/austria.html (7037 words)

	Central Europe Review - On the Inside Looking out: Austria's New OVP-FPV Government, Jorg Haider and Europe
		Austria has a considerable deficit problem (which no one in office talked about before the elections of October 3 last year), and it must meet certain budgetary (or deficit management) criteria related to the "convergence criteria" stipulated by the introduction of the Euro.
		With 6% in the 1986 elections, the "third camp" of the FPÖ was of negligible size and consisted of a "liberal" and a "national" wing.
		In the election of 1994, ÖVP chairman and Vice Chancellor Erhard Busek made it perfectly clear that he was in favor of a renewal of the OVP coalition with the SPÖ "without ifs or buts" (ohne wenn oder aber), and the ÖVP and Busek paid a dear political price for their commitment to the coalition.
	www.ce-review.org /00/10/essay10.html (7039 words)

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		However, due to the League of Nations mediation and the boycott of the voting, the elections are postponed.
		Elections, boycotted by pro-Lithuanian forces, lead to the participation of parties that are more or less supporting idea of incorporation of the area into Poland - with different grades of autonomy.
		In 1986 the Trust Territory is dissolved and Micronesia,, Marshall Islands and the Northern Marianas become seperate entities.
	www.electionworld.org /former.htm (8441 words)

	France's New Five-Year Presidential Term (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Other countries hold two direct elections, for the parliament and for the president, but the presidential election has no consequence for the government.
		For Lionel Jospin and the Left, support for the five-year presidential term came naturally, since it had been a part of their campaign platform both in the 1995 presidential election and in the 1997 legislative election.
		He had his eye on the 2002 election, and because of his advanced age (he is 70 years old), he felt that winning a new five year term would be more feasible than winning a second seven year term.
	www.brookings.edu /fp/cuse/analysis/quinquennat.htm (1760 words)

	Concerns in Europe January - June 2001 - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		On 7 January, repeat elections to the Milli Mejlis (Parliament) were held for 11 single-mandate constituencies in Azerbaijan for which the results of the 5 November ballots had been annulled due to serious violations in the electoral process.
		The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe reported that the repeat elections were an improvement on the 5 November ballot, with fewer instances of intimidation of voters and observers and less interference in the electoral process.
		In both entities criminal legislation continued to be reviewed with the aim of ensuring compliance with international standards; in the RS a new draft Criminal Procedure Code was returned to the entity's working group for their consideration after having been assessed by Council of Europe experts.
	web.amnesty.org /ai.nsf/Index/EUR010032001 (17616 words)

	Information on Austria
		elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; presidential election last held 24 May 1992 (next to be held 19 April 1998); chancellor chosen by the president from the majority party in the National Council; vice chancellor chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor
		Austria's entry into the EU has drawn an influx of foreign investors attracted by Austria's access to the single European market.
		To meet increased competition from both the EU and Central European countries, Austria will need to emphasize knowledge-based sectors of the economy and deregulate the service sector, particularly telecommunications and the energy sector.
	www.photoatlas.com /info/information_austria.html (1070 words)

	Lijphart Elections Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Lijphart Elections Archive is a static research collection of district level election results for approximately 350 national legislative elections in 26 countries that was maintained through 2003.
		This was the origin of the Elections Archive in the University Library of the University of California, San Diego.
		The objective of the Archive is to systematically collect election statistics in as much detail as possible, including, as a minimum, the results at the level of the individual election districts in which votes are converted into seats.
	dodgson.ucsd.edu /lij/index.html (208 words)

	REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA V. ALTMANN
		Congress acted to bring order to this legal uncertainty: “[U]niformity in decision … is desirable since a disparate treatment of cases involving foreign governments may have adverse foreign relations consequences.” H. Rep., at 13.
		Blackstone, Commentaries *68 (“[T]he only method of proving, that this or that maxim is a rule of the common law, is by shewing that it hath been always the custom to observe it”), with Holmes, The Path of the Law, 10 Harv.
		See 317 F.3d 954, 965 (CA9 2002) (“Determining whether the FSIA may properly be applied thus turns on the question whether Austria could legitimately expect to receive immunity from the executive branch of the United States”).
	supct.law.cornell.edu /supct/html/03-13.ZD.html (6369 words)

	Austria Government 1989 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ...
		Legal system: civil law system with Roman law origin; judicial review of legislative acts by a Constitutional Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
		Elections: presidential, every six years (next 1992); parliamentary, every four years (next 1990)
		Voting strength: 1986 parliamentary election--SP0 43.1%, OVP 41.3%, FPO 9.7%, GAL 4.8%, KPO.7%, other.32%; 1986 presidential election--(53.9% of 4.7 million votes cast) SP0 80 seats, OVP 77 seats, FP0 18 seats, GAL 8 seats
	www.theodora.com /wfb1989/austria/austria_government.html (284 words)

	Austria Human Rights
		Austria's highly developed, market-based economy, with its mix of technologically advanced industry, modern agriculture,
		Austria has signed the 1951 U.N. Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol, but subscribes to
		Austria's Jewish community reported an increase in expressions of anti-Semitism in the course of the campaign leading up
	www.nationbynation.com /Austria/Human.html (5785 words)

	Austria
		Overview: Austria boasts a prosperous and stable market economy with a sizable but falling proportion of nationalized industry and with extensive welfare benefits.
		Thanks to its raw material endowment, a technically skilled labor force, and strong links to German industrial firms, Austria occupies specialized niches in European industry and services (tourism, banking) and produces almost enough food to feed itself with only 8% of the labor force in agriculture.
		To prepare for EU membership, Austria's government has taken measures to open the economy by introducing a major tax reform, privatizing state-owned firms, and liberalizing cross-border capital movements.
	www.ems.psu.edu /~williams/states/au.htm (1163 words)

	IFES Election Guide - Election Profile for Switzerland - Of Interest/Links
		Skip directly to: Site Navigation, Content, Election Search.
		In 1986, 75.7% for Swiss voters rejected a referendum calling for membership in the UN.
		The Swiss are already members of the International Court of Justice and other UN agencies.
	www.electionguide.org /interest.php?ID=410 (49 words)

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