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	Austrian State Treaty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The basis for the treaty was the Moscow Declaration of October 30, 1943.
		The signators of the treaty were the foreign ministers of the time: Vyacheslav Molotov, John Foster Dulles, Harold Macmillan and Antoine Pinay on behalf of the Allies, and Leopold Figl as the Austrian foreign minister, as well as the four High Commissioners of the occupying powers.
		Austrian neutrality was not actually in the original text of the treaty, but it was added by the Austrian parliament.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Austrian_Independence_Treaty (398 words)

	Austria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Known as the Austrian granite plateau, it is located in the central area of the Bohemian Mass, and accounts for 10% of Austria.
		The Austrian portion of the Viennese basin comprises the remaining 4%.
		The Slovenians in the Austrian state of Styria (estimated at a number between 1,600 and 5,000) are not recognized as a minority and do not enjoy special rights, although the State Treaty of July 27, 1955 states otherwise.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Austria (3365 words)

	History of Austria
		On October 20, 1920, a plebiscite in the Austrian state of Carinthia was held in which the population chose to remain a part of Austria, rejecting the territorial claims of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes to the state.
		Although the Treaty of Versailles and the Treaty of St. Germain had explicitly forbidden the unification of Austria and Germany, Nazi Germany was striving to annex Austria during the late 1930s, which was fiercely resisted by the Austrian Schuschnigg dictatorship.
		Even though under occupation, the Austrian government was officially permitted to conduct foreign relations with the approval of the four occupying governments under the agreement of June 28, 1946.
	www.travelaustriaplus.com /history.html (2109 words)

	Country Studies - Austria: Austrian National Identity
		The absence of an Austrian national identity was one of the problems confronted when Austria became a country in November 1918 (see The End of the Habsburg Empire and the Birth of the Austrian Republic).
		Austrians increasingly focused on the historical and cultural differences between Austrian and German traditions--or the uniqueness and singularity of an "Austrian nation"--and on the idea of an independent Austrian state.
		After the State Treaty of 1955 arranged for the end of the Allied occupation and a subsequent proclamation of Austria's permanent neutrality, Austrians increasingly identified themselves with their country and saw it as a state with traditions and a history distinct from those of Germany.
	www.photoglobe.info /ebooks/austria/cstudies_austria_0070.html (746 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
		South of the Danube lie the Austrian Alpine provinces and the provinces of Carinthia and Carnola; north of the Danube are the Carpathian and Sudetic provinces.
		The definition of the pope's infallibility afforded von Stremayr, the Austrian Minister of Instruction, a pretext to demand the abrogation of the Concordat, on the plea that the pope, one of the contracting parties, had received from the definition a new character, which invalidated the original agreement.
		The Austrian bishops celebrated the diamond jubilee of the consecration of Leo XIII to the priesthood and the golden jubilee of his consecration to the episcopacy by joint letters of veneration to the Holy Father and by joint pastorals to the faithful.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02121b.htm (16957 words)

	Austrian Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The treaty also excludes recognition of the results of "ethnic cleansing" and includes the right of refugees and displaced persons to return to their places of origin as well as the principle of freedom of movement throughout the entire territory of the state.
		Not only regional authorities but also municipal administrators who act in independent ways should be aware of the fact that their behavior in implementing the Dayton treaty will trigger incentives or disincentives and that they can count on support only if they cooperate.
		Typical examples are links between the economy and the governing party; harassment of the independent media, human rights activists, critical journalists, and striking workers who are characterized as "enemies of the state," manipulations of the judicial system; and the refusal to accept pluralist decisions, for example, the mayoral elections in Zagreb.
	www.austria.org /oct97/balkans.html (8016 words)

	EIoP: Text 2001-013: Full Text
		It was crucial for the fate of the Austrian, Swiss and Swedish applications for association of 15 December 1961 that the EC first negotiated the British application for membership.
		Austrians are worried that there might be unrestricted transit afterwards – a decision that would clearly not increase sympathy for European integration in the Alpine region (for relevant data, see the conclusions).
		The Austrian law on neutrality has not been formally changed during or after the membership negotiations but, as outlined, the concept of neutrality has been incrementally reinterpreted to such a large extent that a fundamental change in substance cannot be neglected.
	eiop.or.at /eiop/texte/2001-013.htm (11016 words)

	Austrian Press & Information Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The State Treaty remains one of the fundamentals of Austria's identity today, a symbol for the emergence of Austrian independence, and an important milestone in European history.
		Austrian contingents are helping bring stability and democracy to Afghanistan, and most recently, the country's generosity in providing aid to victims of the tsunami catastrophe is testimony to the humanitarian spirit that speaks to the best in the Austrian tradition.
		It was the vision of the statesmen responsible for the State Treaty who get the deserved credit for this achievement, but it was the spirit of freedom in the hearts of the Austrian people that was the inspiration for this remarkable diplomatic success.
	www.austria.org /may05/statetreaty.shtml (745 words)

	Treaty of Peace with Turkey, 24 July 1923
		PART I. From the coming into force of the present Treaty, the state of peace will be definitely re-established between the British Empire, France, Italy, Japan, Greece, Roumania and the Serb-Croat-Slovene State of the one part, and Turkey of the other part, as well as between their respective nationals.
		In the case of the islands referred to in Article 12, the annuity shall be payable as from the 1st/14th November, 1913, and, in the case of the islands referred to in Article 15, as from the 17th October, 1912.
		The inhabitants of territories detached from Turkey under the present Treaty shall, notwithstanding this transfer and the change of nationality consequent thereon, continue in complete enjoyment in Turkey of all the rights in industrial, literary and artistic property to which they were entitled under Ottoman law at the time of transfer.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/1918p/lausanne.html (8002 words)

	ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Greek Government's new policy was based on an interim period of self-government leading to independence under the UN auspices, that status not being subject to alteration without UN consent.
		Intervention: The Treaty of Guarantee provided that the guarantor powers (Turkey, Greece and Britain) had a right and obligation to intervene to re-establish the state of affairs created by the agreements.
		In the face of such clear evidence, it is absurd to imagine that the Greek Cypriot leadership abandoned their ultimate goal of uniting the island with Greece, once the independence was achieved and that instead they wanted to see the Cyprus Republic survived as a bi-communal state.
	www.charm.net /~trnc/h8.html (3595 words)

	Text of the Lateran Treaty of 1929
		All the acts necessary for the execution of the Treaty with regard to the present Convention and of the Concordat shall be exempt from every form of taxation.
		The recognitions and the authorizations foreseen in the provisions of the present Concordat and of the Treaty shall take place through a norm established by the civil law which shall be put into harmony with the dispositions of the said Concordat and Treaty.
		The Austrian law, the laws and decrees of the Italian State actually in force, in so far as they are opposed to the depositions of the present Concordat, shall be abrogated by the entry into force of the same.
	www.aloha.net /~mikesch/treaty.htm (6438 words)

	Austrian and Spanish Netherlands
		The remaining Spanish possessions in the Low Countries were transferred (1714) to the Austrian branch of the Hapsburgs by the Peace of Utrecht.
		The Austrian recovery of Belgium was short-lived, for by 1794 the
		In 1797 it was formally ceded to France in the Treaty of Campo Formio.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0835278.html (628 words)

	1955 - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		King Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia abdicates the throne in favor of his father, King Norodom Suramarit.
		May 15 - The Austrian Independence Treaty is signed.
		October 26 - Following the Austrian Independence Treaty of May 15, the last allied troops leave the country.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/1955 (1676 words)

	AllRefer.com - Austria - The 1955 State Treaty and Austrian Neutrality \| Austrian Information Resource
		The State Treaty of 1955, which ended Austria's occupation and restored the country's sovereignty, is displayed by its signatories in Vienna.
		The Indian ambassador to Moscow, acting as intermediary for the Austrians, went further and suggested permanent neutrality as the basis for a treaty.
		Austrian neutrality and a ban on foreign military bases in Austria were later incorporated into the Austrian constitution by the Law of October 26, 1955.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/austria/austria56.html (618 words)

	Austria is Free!
		Collectors of Austrian philately are not always aware of the history of the people portrayed on this country's postage stamps (unless, of course, they belong to the APS).
		The idea that Austria should regain its independence, and thereafter remain permanently neutral in foreign affairs, had first surfaced in public in Jan 1947, when Dr Karl Renner, then President of Austria, suggested it; and the Socialist Party had formally adopted it as their policy.
		Bruno Kreisky of the Foreign Ministry, 'A free and independent Austria, removed from all rivalries and not tied to either side, but only devoted to the cause of peace, will be an asset for Europe and the world.' (reported in Neues Österreich (Vienna) 13 Nov 1951).
	www.kitzbuhel.demon.co.uk /austamps/sjr01 (2029 words)

	The Versailles Treaty
		For the purposes of the obligation assumed by Germany in Part VIII (Reparation) of the present Treaty to give compensation for damages caused to the civil populations of the Allied and Associated countries in the form of fines, the inhabitants of the territories referred to in Article 51 shall be assimilated to the above-mentioned populations.
		Germany acknowledges and will respect strictly the independence of Austria, within the frontiers which may be fixed in a Treaty between that State and the Principal Allied and Associated Powers; she agrees that this independence shall be inalienable, except with the consent of the Council of the League of Nations.
		Poland accepts and agrees to embody in a Treaty with the Principal Allied and Associated Powers such provisions as may be deemed necessary by the said Powers to protect the interests of inhabitants of Poland who differ from the majority of the population in race, language, or religion.
	www.codoh.com /incon/inconversailles.html (14259 words)

	Franciscan University of Steubenville - Celebrating Austrian Independence
		And optimism was clouded over, yet many preconditions had been achieved: The will for independence, the unity of the government, the introduction of free elections, the re-institution of democracy, and the intense reconstruction of the country.
		By 1950, 200,000 Austrians were daily praying the Rosary, and by 1955, there were 500,000.
		Our prayer has been heard.” On May 15, 1955, the international treaty for Austrian independence was signed in Belvedere Castle in Vienna.
	www.franciscan.edu /home2/Content/main.aspx?id=1739 (1534 words)

	Austria - AUSTRIAN NATIONAL IDENTITY
		The absence of an Austrian national identity was one of the problems confronted when Austria became a country in November 1918.
		Nazi Germany's annexation (Anschluss) of Austria into the Third Reich in March 1938 proved to be an impetus for the development of Austrian national consciousness.
		The reestablishment of Austrian independence in 1945 set the conditions for the development of a new Austrian national identity.
	countrystudies.us /austria/61.htm (659 words)

	History of Austria: Primary Documents - EuroDocs
		The letters of Austrian and Bavarian noblewomen, set against the backdrop of their relationships and cultural status.
		Austrian constitution, including articles 23a-23f regarding the relationship of Austria to the European Union.
		An ambitious project of the Austrian National Library in cooperation with the Parlamentsbibliothek.
	eudocs.lib.byu.edu /index.php/History_of_Austria:_Primary_Documents (576 words)

	CIB - Independence - No 58
		Moreover, like the existing treaties, the draft Constitution encompasses not only the institutional structure of the EU, but also the political content, ingraining both left and right values that should otherwise be subjected to the democratic will of the people over the passage of time.
		This should demonstrate that there exists no contradiction between national political independence and liberal values, and that civil liberties can only be defended within the context of nationally based political systems that facilitate democratic accountability.
		The inherent contradictions of the Government's policy on the euro and the draft EU Constitution are exposed by Geoffrey Fitchew, a senior former Treasury and European Commission civil servant.
	www.bullen.demon.co.uk /indy58.htm (7606 words)

	Traditional Austrian Fashion - Trachten, Dirndl, Lederhosen
		After all, it was at the Marble Hall at Upper Belvedere Palace that the Austrian State Treaty ("Staatsvertrag") granting Austrian independency and neutrality was signed by the 4 foreign ministers of the Allied Forces (France, Great Britain, the Soviet Union and the United States of America) and presented on the balcony to the Austrian people.
		The exhibition covers recent Austrian history: the downfall of the Habsburg monarchy, WW I, the interwar period of First Republic, civil war and the advent auf the Dollfuß dictatorship ("Ständestaat").
		A few weeks after the signing of the Austrian State Treaty an experimental television studio was erected in Meidling, one of Vienna's suburbs.
	www.aboutvienna.org /culture/austria_2005.htm (786 words)

	Kosovar Independence
		Frank Muenzel, the author of “What Does Public International Law Have to Say About Kosovar Independence?”, is a law faculty member (extraordinarius) of the highly respected Goettingen University and is also part of the renowned Max Plank Institute.
		It is stated clearly there that the right to self-determination shall not “be construed as authorizing or encouraging any action which could dismember or impair, totally or in part, the territorial integrity or political unity of sovereign and independent States conducting themselves in compliance with the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples”.
		He concludes that this tragic war will end only “when Kosova is recognized as an independent state (which would) also demonstrate the illegality of the Yugoslav occupation of that state”.
	www.jurist.law.pitt.edu /antic.htm (2121 words)

	American/ World History 1955- 1956
		The Austrians were granted a large degree of autonomy.
		The Sudanese voted for independence and, on January 1, independence was declared.
		Following the Israeli War of Independence, the British, Americans and French, by mutual agreement, did not supply either the Israelis or the Arabs with significant quantities of armaments.
	www.multied.com /dates/1955.html (925 words)

	vesailles treaty all440 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Disputes as to the interpretation of a treaty, as to
		The provisions of the Treaties establishing the delimitation of the frontiers
		Treaty will form the subject of further conventions between France and Germany.
	history.acusd.edu /gen/text/versaillestreaty/all440.html (19544 words)

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