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	Regia Marina - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		July 20, 1866 : Sea battle against the Austrian fleet in the Battle of Lissa, near the island of Vis in the Adriatic sea - the last major sea battle that involved ramming.
		The Austrians successfully sabotaged and sank the battleships Benedetto Brin at Brindisi ( 27 September 1915) and Leonardo da Vinci at Taranto ( 2 August 1916).
		The Regia Marina attacked with insidious weapons: MAS 21 and MAS 15 sank the Hungarian battleship SMS Szent IstvÃ¡n in the Adriatic sea on 10 June 1918 ; an early type of human torpedo ( Mignatta) entered the harbour of Pola and sank the Austro-Ungarian flagship Viribus Unitis on 1 November 1918.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Regia_Marina (1086 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Austrian Succession, War of the -> Second Silesian War In 1744 Frederick II, fearing the rising power of Austria, started the Second Silesian War by invading Bohemia; he was soon expelled by Austrian and Saxon forces.
		Austrian Succession, War of the -> First Silesian War Frederick II began the war by invading and rapidly occupying Silesia.
		Austrian Succession, War of the -> Causes of the War The war broke out when, on the strength of the pragmatic sanction of 1713, the Austrian archduchess Maria Theresa succeeded her father, Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI, as ruler of the Hapsburg lands.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=Austrian+steam+battleships (578 words)

	United States battleships - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first United States battleships (though they were not called such at the time) were the armored cruisers USS Maine (ACR-1) and USS Texas.
		Two battleships have been authorized to be named for Montana, but both were cancelled before commissioning.
		The pre-dreadnoughts USS Zrinyi (formerly the Austrian SMS Zrinyi), USS Radetzky (formerly the Austrian SMS Radetzky), and USS Ostfriesland (formerly the German SMS Ostfriesland), taken as prizes of war after World War I, were commissioned in the US Navy, but were not assigned hull classification symbols.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/United_States_battleships (292 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com
		battleship battleship, large, armored warship equipped with the heaviest naval guns.
		Netherlands, Austrian and Spanish Netherlands, Austrian and Spanish, that part of the Low Countries that, from 1482 until 1794, remained under the control of the imperial house of Hapsburg.
		Dollfuss, Engelbert Dollfuss, Engelbertĕng´elbĕrt dôl´foos, 1892-1934, Austrian chancellor.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=List+of+Austrian+battleships (577 words)

	[No title]
		The yearly contingent of recruits for the army is fixed by the military bills voted by the Austrian and Hungarian parliaments, and is generally determined on the basis of the population, according to the last census returns.
		The term of service is 2 years (3 years in the cavalry) with the colours, 7 or 8 in the reserve and 2 in the Landwehr; in the case of men not drafted to the active army the same total period of service is spent in various special reserves.
		The Austrian Landwehr (which retains the old designation K.K., formerly applied to the Austrian regular army) is organized in 8 divisions of varying strength, the "Royal Hungarian" Landwehr or Honvéds in 7 divisions, both Austrian and Hungarian Landwehr having in addition cavalry (Uhlans and hussars) and artillery.
	www.mek.iif.hu /porta/szint/tarsad/tortenel/mo_1867/austria/chap35.hun (1232 words)

	EVENTS 1938
		Austrian Nazis began riots in Vienna, Linz, Gratz, and Klagenfurt; Dr. Seyss‑Inquart called on Chancellor von Schuschnigg to resign.
		the Austrian Legion of Nazi exiles be readmitted to Austria.
		The Grand Council regards the events in Austria as the outcome of a preexistent state of affairs and as the free expression of the feelings gild will of the Austrian people, unequivocally confirmed by the imposing public demonstrations with which the events were greeted.
	www.ibiblio.org /pha/events/1938.html (7268 words)

	The Fates of "Viribus Unitis" Class
		The battleships left Pula in two groups, and due to a small number of escort ships (destroyers and torpedo-boats) were poorly protected.
		The lack of reserve displacement and the insufficient underwater protection (which was not much better on other battleships of the period) were the main reasons for the loss of two out of four sister ships.
		At 6:10 AM, November 1st 1918., the 21,000 ton admiral battleship Viribus Unitis, with Croatian flag on her mast, torn apart and turned on her side, capsized and sank quickly with around 300 members of her crew and with admiral Vukovich, before the eyes of the terrified people of Pula.
	www.warship.get.net.pl /Austro-Wegry/Battleships/1912_Viribus_Unitis_class/_Viribus_Unitis_fates.html (1900 words)

	THE SINKING OF SZENT ISTVAN
		The attack was planned for June 1918, together with the operations of the Austrian army at the Italian (Soca) front.
		The battleships SMS Szent István and Tegetthoff left Pula on June 9th in the evening, escorted by one destroyer and six torpedo-boats.
		In the dawn of June 10th 1918 battleships SMS Szent István and Tegetthoff unexpectedly met Italian torpedo-boats, near the island Premuda.
	www.geocities.com /tegetthoff66/szent.html (731 words)

	History of the unification of Austria and Germany on March 12, 1938 (der Anschluss) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		It was another Austrian, Theodor Herzl, a Jewish journalist in Vienna, who first started the Zionist movement in 1896 when he wrote a book called "The Jewish State," which advocated the unification of all the Jews into their own country.
		Austrians were singing the anthem of the Pan-Germans while the Jews were singing their anthem called "Hope" which is now the national anthem of Israel.
		With only the Austrians as allies, the Germans claimed that they were fighting for their right to exist as a world power and their right to expand, while the British, French and Russians, and eventually Americans, saw it as the militaristic Prussians trying to take over the world.
	www.scrapbookpages.com /Austria/Anschluss01.html (7197 words)

	Trenches on the Web - Photo Archive: Big Guns of the Great War
		Even with such high gross weights, many battleships employed lockout mechanisms that prevented two gun turrets from firing at the same time - not as much out of fear of rolling the ship as for the possibility of altering the trajectory of the second salvo by the roll caused by the first.
		It is interesting to note that several of the large siege guns used against the Belgian fortifications had to be set in concrete before they could be fired due to their massive recoil.
		Battleships were not an option on the Western Front, but the guns they used were seen as a tool that could help break the stalemate of the trenches - especially when used against the concrete fortified German positions near the Somme and later, the Hindenburg line.
	www.worldwar1.com /pharc005.htm (1199 words)

	Combined Operations in the Adriatic, 1915-18 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The long, populous coastline of the Italian Peninsula was equally open to attack by Austrian units operating from the fortified harbors at Pola in Istria and Durazzo in Albania.
		These operations were so successful that the Austrians mounted an unsuccessful commando raid on Ancona with the express purpose of seizing MAS for their own navy.
		Austrian naval aviation was both aggressive and competent, so Peterborough’s turret roof and the rear of its turret ring were given extra protection in the form of a layer of sand bags.
	worldatwar.net /chandelle/v1/v1n2/adriatic.html (4760 words)

	Thomas Nelson Page. Italy and the World War. 1920. Chapters 21-23. Appendices.
		The Austrians still retained positions from which they had not been dislodged, which were a standing menace should they become reorganized and stiffened by German assistance; and of this, it was believed in Italy, there was serious danger when Germany should realize that she could not break through to Paris.
		The Austrian fleet had for a great while been held sequestered behind the barriers in the harbor of Pola, the Austrians preferring the certainty of the power of "a fleet in, being" to the uncertainty of one dependent on the issue of a battle on the high seas.
		She was overburdened with debt and now with the disappearance of the Austrian menace on her borders all of the internal problems which had confronted her in the past and had been laid during the war again arose to trouble her.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/comment/Italy/Page08.htm (13895 words)

	Boy Allies Under Two Flags, The (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Two together swung broadside to the Austrians, riddled with holes; the boiler of a third burst, the ship broke in two and sank almost instantly.
		Four thousand yards from the Austrian fleet the French torpedo boats launched their torpedoes; then they fled back to the protection of the battleships, still engaged with the Austrian pursuers with small guns.
		They were met by a fierce hail of fire from the French, but in spite of this they succeeded in launching their torpedoes, and the French battleship, far back, suddenly disappeared from the surface of the Adriatic.
	www.manybooks.net /pages/drakerobetext04bautf10/88.html (304 words)

	Destroyer Command - History
		A retired Austrian naval captain presented designs for an unmanned explosive boat in the early 1860's, and by the end of the decade naval engineer Robert Whitehead had perfected a self-propelled torpedo.
		The destroyer Hoel traded gunfire with the battleship Kongo, then fired her torpedoes at the pink-painted cruiser Haguro, driving her out of the battle.
		No new battleships were laid down after the war, and very few cruisers.
	www.destroyercommand.com /campaigns.html (3127 words)

	PreludeWar
		From 1905-1914 Germany and Britain built 69 battleships, speeds increased from 21 to 28 knots and armament increased from 8 x 12 inch guns to 8 x 15 inch and 16 x 5.9 inch guns.
		The Ottoman Empire were also aware of the threat of the war that seemed inevitable decided to add two battleships to their navy to assist in the defence of the empire from possible Russian attack via the Black Sea or attack via the Dardanelles.
		Their reply was compassionate and apologetic and they agreed to all the terms of the agreement, but tried to explain that they could not control the freedom of speech of their people nor of their press.
	www.anzacs.net /PreludeWar.htm (2053 words)

	Avalanche Press
		I even had a run-in with the dean of Austrian naval historians, Anthony Sokol, a rite of passage for all such specialists until the Old Man of the Adriatic died in the mid-1980s.
		Dreadnoughts has an article on Austrian naval construction, and some new ship types: the huge battleships and fast battlecruisers designed by Austrian engineers long after any hope of completing them had been extinguished.
		The Austrian aircraft carrier, with airplanes to operate from it including the famous armored helicopter.
	www.avalanchepress.com /ode_austrian.php (1114 words)

	ANTE'S TEGETTHOFF CLASS DREADNOUGHTS
		The Austrian commander of the fleet, admiral Rudolf Montecuccoli Polinago, had on February 20th 1908, during the meeting of parliament representatives, announced the building of battleships of 18 - 19, 000 tons of displacement.
		It seems that Austrians did not even wait for Koudelka's report, as the project was chosen and the building of the ships approved before the report could have been read.
		While on the German battleships of the period there was 4,5 metres inter space between the outer hull and the inner anti-torpedo bulkhead, the Austrian battleships of the Tegetthoff class had only 2.45 metres of inter space.
	www.geocities.com /pentagon/bunker/5294/constr.html (1593 words)

	Boy Allies Under Two Flags, The (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		It was an Austrian craft, and it was first blood for the French.
		The submarines of both fleets suddenly sank from sight, and it was evident to Jack that the first blows probably would be struck from under water.
		The first French battleship, flagship of the squadron, was now engaged with the first ship of the Austrian squadron.
	www.manybooks.net /pages/drakerobetext04bautf10/87.html (314 words)

	Austro-Hungarian Navy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The official name in German was the Kaiserlich und kÃ¶nigliche Kriegsmarine (Imperial and Royal Navy, also known by the acronym K.u.K).
		This navy existed from establishment of the Dual Monarchy in 1867 until the end of World War I. Prior to 1867, Austria's naval forces were those of the Austrian Empire.
		The Genesis of the Austrian Navy - A Chronology
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Navy (146 words)

	Battle of Lissa
		The image is of the Austrian triple-decker wooden battleship Kaiser (centre of picture) ramming the Italian ironclad Re di Portogallo.
		Steel engraving print, showing the Austrian triple-decker wooden battleship Kaiser engaged in close gunfire with Italian ironclad Re di Portogallo in the middle ground, and to the right the masts of the sinking Re d'Italia can be seen.
		The damaged Austrian triple-decker Kaiser is seen in the central foreground.
	www.lissa.net /orleans/LIsola_di_Lissa/lissab.html (1331 words)

	1859 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The departure from government of the Liberal faction in the Austrian Reichskabinet has left the Emperor’s Chief Minister, the esteemed Count of Fasswerden Julius Von Kleinemann, free to eschew the social spending mandated by the previous tripartite consensus.
		Following a triumphal year in which his attentions were chiefly focused on doctrinal issues, Pope Pius was pleased to welcome the plan for the administration of the Papal states presented to him by his capable advisor and servant Cardinal Alberto Montepergo (Pap Nat PM —1 Prestige).
		Austrian Prime Minister Julius Von Kleinemann reassured many by his reassurances that Austria does not seek to stir the Italian pot (Aus Con PM +3 Prestige), although he was warned for veering very close to public diplomacy, a sin the Austrian Kaiser is intolerant of, even among such favoured servants as Von Kleinemann.
	www.users.interport.net /q/w/qwerty123/1859.htm (8310 words)

	FranzFerdinand & The Navy
		Some Austrian ships transported the 'Austrian Volunteer Legion' to Mexico where Maximilian von Habsburg (brother of Emperor Franz Josef) was installed by Napoléon III as Empéreur during the ill-conceived and ill-fated 'Mexican Adventure' (1862-67); Emperor Maximilian and Empress Charlotte arrived at Veracruz on board the frigate SMS Novarra...
		Responding to urgent appeals from the Austrian Minister in Peking, 30 sailors, 2 midshipmen and 5 officers were sent, including the ship's captain, von Thomann.
		So, initially the Imperial Austrian Navy was intended for little more than coastal defence with occasional raiding as the secondary purpose.
	www.btinternet.com /~j.pasteur/Navy.html (1644 words)

	SUPERIOR FORCE Chapter 1
		Concomitant with the introduction of the new class of battleship was another type of ship featuring a similar heavy main armament and higher speed, at the expense of protection: the battle cruiser.
		In August 1904, Fisher had provocatively argued that there was no function of a battleship that could not be fulfilled by what he termed ‘a first class armoured cruiser’; [6] however, this extreme view was met with a certain amount of scepticism and it is possible that Fisher compromised by agreeing to the construction of
		Now confident, despite the Austrian and Italian dreadnought building programmes, that they could command the sea, the French took up where Fisher had left off in 1908 and announced that they would now be able to extend their zone to cover the whole of the Mediterranean.
	www.manorhouse.clara.net /book1/chapter1.htm (7897 words)

	Military Art , Battle of Morengo
		The Austrian pursuit of the French was to slow which gave Napoleon time to re organize and with the arrival of General Louis Desaix with a Fresh Corp. The French Counter attacked late in the afternoon.
		The Austrian forces had been surprised by the counter attack, and with a French furious attack and the French cavalry under General Francois E Kellerman slashing their way through the Austrian infantry.
		The Austrian advance was turned into a retreat and with the French cavalry repeatedly attacking their lines, it was turned into a rout.
	www.napoleon-art.com /battle_of_morengo.htm (998 words)

	World War I in the Adriatic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Less well known is the war in the Adriatic where the Habsburg empire of Austria-Hungary had a navy consisting of four dreadnoughts, six 20 knot battleships, seven 2nd class battleships, four cruisers, four old cruisers (two armoured and two torpedo rams) with numerous destroyers and torpedo boats and eighteen submarines.
		In May 1917 the Austrian Navy carried out a series of attacks on the barrage, The clash which took place on the 14th/15th will be the subject of a separate article.
		The Austrian harbours were well protected and, apart from the regular air raids, the conventional wisdom was that they were impregnble.
	www.cronab.demon.co.uk /ah1.htm (1103 words)

	"Viribus Unitis" Class Battleships
		On the other hand, his boldness also showed a great sense of responsibility towards the skilled workers of the shipyard, as a large proportion of them would otherwise have had to be laid off.
		Since the two designs separated only a few years and their main characteristics were laid down under the direction os Siegfred Popper, the chief of Austrian naval construction, they had an unmistakable similarity to the Radetzky class.
		By using this name, the Austrians took into account the feelings of Hungary, whose representatives had agreed to the great naval construction programme of 1911 with the proviso that the Danubius yard at Fiume, the only large Hungarian shipyard, should take part.
	www.warship.get.net.pl /Austro-Wegry/Battleships/1912_Viribus_Unitis_class/_Viribus_Unitis_class.html (819 words)

	PRINZ EUGEN history page
		These contracts were a start for the armament of the eventual Bismarck Class battleships and of the heavy cruisers of the Admiral Hipper Class.
		This addition was occasioned by the Soviet Union's declaration of her intention to build seven cruisers with an armament of 18cm calibre.
		In 1866, the Austrian Navy was one of the two navies then in existence in the German Federation.
	www.prinzeugen.com /PGHistory.htm (1875 words)

	Isonzo: The Forgotten Sacrifice of the Great War: Current Amazon U.S.A. One-Edition Data (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In sharp contrast to claims that neither the Italian nor the Austrian armies were viable fighting forces, Schindler aims to bring the terrible sacrifices endured by both armies back to their rightful place in the history of 20th century Europe.
		However, during almost every battle many Austrian units were heavily decimated by shelling and what few Austrian reserves existed were instantly committed.
		With German assistance, the Austrian army astounded the world and shocked the Allies by its stunning and complete victory over the Italians at Caporetto.
	www.worldwar1.co.uk /books-plain/0275972046.html (1984 words)

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