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Topic: Austrian offices in Crete

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	Jay Smith & Associates: World: Europe: Austrian Offices Abroad Stamps
		Austrian Offices Abroad: Crete Scott #6, 1904 2fr on 2k gray lilac Emperor Franz Josef.
		Austrian Offices Abroad: Turkish Empire Scott #5, 1867 15sld brown Emperor Franz Josef.
		Austrian Offices Abroad: Turkish Empire Scott #35, 1900 2pi on 50h overprint gray blue Emperor Franz Josef.
	www.jaysmith.com /Specials/World/World-Europe-Austrian-Offices-Abroad-Stamps.html (889 words)

	Austrian Post in Turkey and in Crete (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, having post offices abroad was often considered one of the hallmarks of a great power.
		In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the Ottoman Empire was often referred to as "the Sick Man of Europe." By the middle of the 19th century, the Ottomans had to concede extraterritorial rights, including postal operations, to the great powers as well as to some powers that were not so great.
		Austrian stamps for use in offices in the Ottoman Empire often had the same designs as stamps for use in Austria, but they were denominated in different currencies.
	www.cybamall.com /philaworld/gallery1/AU/austria_po.htm (236 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Venice
		In 742 the office of doge was restored and entrusted to Deusdedit, son of Ursus I, who transferred the capital to Malamocco.
		At this time the office of procurator of St. Mark was instituted, instead of that of state treasurer, making a clear separation between the personal patrimony of the doge and the state revenues.
		The possession of Crete had to be defended by force of arms in 1307 and 1365.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15333a.htm (6645 words)

	The Nation, 02/13/1896 - The Eastern Question in Crete by Alden, John
		Crete fell to Boniface of Montferrat, who sold it to Venice and from Venice, after twenty four year of bitter resistance, in 1669, Turks wrested it.
		...For centuries the people of Crete have lived under oppressive and despotic aliens Masters not of their choosing have been forced upon them, and, although the Venetians were hard drivers, the latest comer has been the worst...
		...Greece wants Crete but cannot get her," a Cretan said to me on the steamer, and it is the keynote of the situation...
	www.archive.thenation.com /Summaries/v062i1598_07.htm (2847 words)

	Dergi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		However, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, having offices abroad was often considered one of the hallmarks of a great power.
		Austrian stamps of the period are denominated in neu-kreuzer and gulden and later in heller and krone.
		Stamps for the French Offices in the Ottoman Empire for the Levant, Cavalle, Dedeagh and Vathy are shown in Figure 3.
	www.tandemir.8m.com /custom4.html (3420 words)

	LINNS.COM: The website of the world's largest weekly stamp newspaper-Linn's Stamp News
		After Germany's defeat in World War II, the Austrian Republic was re-established, and the country was divided into zones of occupation by the United States, the Soviet Union, Britain and France.
		Although intended for use in Crete, these issues were available for use at Austrian post offices throughout the Turkish Empire.
		Austrian post offices in the Turkish Empire were closed Dec. 15, 1914.
	www.linns.com /reference/entities/entity_a.asp (3695 words)

	Ken Lawrence: Before the Penny Black
		For purposes of this essay, mail is defined as written communication carried from one predetermined place (post or post office) to another on scheduled rounds at uniform rates by a disinterested third party (the postal system), and stamps are printed tokens that denote the franking privilege or prepayment of postage.
		The next inventor of postage stamps was Laurenz Koschier, an Austrian civil servant, who submitted his proposals for postage stamps to the Austro-Hungarian General Imperial Chamber and the Ministry of Finance.
		These mailboxes were cleared three times a day, the letters delivered to the central post office, the billets removed (so they could not be used again), and the letters sent on their way.
	www.norbyhus.dk /btpb.html (3164 words)

	AskPhil -- Stamp Collecting starts here.
		Offices abroad: postal agency of one country in another, usually because of the poor local postal network; special stamps were usually overprinted for these offices, mainly from the country maintaining the office.
		Offices Abroad, China: The German offices were shut in March 1917 after China entered WW I on the Allied side.
		Austrian postage stamps were used in Hungary from 1 June 1850 through 1871.
	www.askphil.org /b25o.htm (5143 words)

	Glossaire de termes philatéliques, lettre An-Az
		Austrian Italy: provinces of Lombardy and Venice administered by Austria; 1850: stamps first issued, 1859: Lombardy ceded to Sardinia, 1866: Venetia annexed to Italy.
		Austrian Offices in Crete: Austrian post offices in Crete and Turkish Empire; 1903-14: Austrian stamps valued in French currency, available throughout the Turkish Empire, 1913: island given to Greece and post offices closed.
		Austrian Offices in Turkish Empire: Austrian post offices in the Turkish Empire; 1867-pre: used its issues for Lombardy-Venetia, 1867: used special stamps for its Turkish Empire Offices, 1903-14: Austrian stamps valued in French currency, available throughout the Turkish Empire, 1914, Dec. 15: offices closed.
	rodolphe.hipp.free.fr /utilitaires/glossaire/b25an_az.htm (4304 words)

	Lots 1201-1280
		R.A.F. POST OFFICE 002: Three covers with fine strikes of the elusive '002' c.d.s.
		GREEK ISLANDS: 1902-05 Selection of covers, stationery & PPCs used at the Austrian P.O.s at Scios (4), Vathy (2) & Canea (2) the latter inc.French Occupation Forces in Crete printed E used through the Austrian PO.
		CRETE - FRENCH MILITARY OCCUPATION, 1899: E to infantry officer in Paris endorsed Troupes franÁaises dÈtachÈes en Crete, with mainly fine blue cachet '4eme REGIMENT D'INFANTERIE FRAN«AISES DETACH A L'ILE DE CRETE' and (partly smudged) dotted c.d.s.
	www.cavendish-auctions.com /sale633_7dec02/a1201_1280.html (3101 words)

	Glossaire philatelique, lettre Bn-Bz
		British Offices in China; various cities; 1844: consular treaty port post offices opened, 1862-post: all mail canceled B62 in Hong Kong, 1862-1917: first stamps, Hong Kong, 1917: first overprinted stamps of Hong Kong, "China," 1922, Nov. 30: all offices were closed except for Wei-hai-wei, 1930, Oct. 1: stamps withdrawn, handed back to China.
		British Offices in Crete: British zone of joint administration includes France, Italy, Russia; 1898-1900: stamps issued until establishment of autonomous government.
		British Offices in Japan: 1859-Dec.1879: Yokohama, used stamps of Hong Kong from 1864, 1860-Dec.1879: Nagasaki, used stamps of Hong Kong from 1866, 1869-Dec.: (Hyogo), used stamps of Hong Kong from 1876.
	france-timbres.net /utilitaires/glossaire/b25bn_bz.htm (4548 words)

	AskPhil -- Stamp Collecting starts here.
		Italian Offices in Africa: currency: 40 paras = 1 piaster, 100 centesimi = 1 lira (1910) 1901-11: first stamps issued at Italian post office, Ottoman Empire, 1909: stamps of Italy overprinted "Tripoli di Barberia," 1910: stamps of Italy with surcharge "Bengasi" and 1 Piastra, 1912: Libyan issues used, now spelled Banghazi, Libya.
		Italian Offices in Constantinople: 1909: stamps of Italy overprinted "Constantinopoli," 1922: stamps of Italy overprinted for postage due.
		Italian Post Offices Abroad: currency: 100 centesimi = 1 lira 1874-89: Italian stamps overprinted "Estero" (Foreign) for use in Italian offices in Egypt, Eritrea, Tripolitania, Tunisia, Argentina, and Uruguay, 1924: Italian Offices in Crete, first postage due stamp issued.
	www.askphil.org /b25i.htm (6846 words)

	Christian History Handbook: Early Modern: Lecture Eight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Beginning with the careers of Giovanni di Medici (1360-1429) and Cosimo di Medici (1389-1464) the family grew in prominence and established branch offices in all the western European states.
		In 1487-88 the bank was able to advance nearly 175,000 florins to the Hapsburg Archduke Sigismund of Austria in return for a share in the Archduke's royalties on the silver and copper mines in the Tyrol region as repayment.
		The Greek master and probably the primary editor of the New Testament volume was the Greek, Demetrius Ducas, born in Crete, lately a Greek text editor at the printing firm of Aldus Minutius in Venice where he had worked side by side with Disiderius Erasmus in 1508.
	www.sbuniv.edu /~hgallatin/ht34633e08.html (9795 words)

	ISWSC Worldwide Stamp Identifier: C-E (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		(overprint on stamps of Indo-China): France- Offices in China- Canton (1901-23).
		CENT(S) (currency overprint): Russia- Offices in China (1901-22).
		(overprint on stamps of Russia): Russia- Offices in Turkey- Constantinople (1909-10).
	www.geocities.com /iswsc1/iswsc_identce.html (1393 words)

	eBay.co.uk - crete, crete Europe, Greece, Italy Area items at low prices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		AUSTRIA (CRETE) 1908 Anniversary of Accession 1 Fr.
		Greece 1922 Ovpt on Crete 1905 Pictorials UMM cv380
		Greece 1922 Ovpt on Crete 1909/10 Pictorials UMMcv600+
	stamps.search.ebay.co.uk /crete_Europe_W0QQfmcZ1QQfsooZ1QQfsopZ1QQsacatZ4742 (342 words)

	Athens News Agency: News in English (AM), 98-12-28
		The Greek liaison office in Skopje has issued 1,300,000 entry visas to citizens of the neighbouring former Yugoslav republic wishing to visit Greece in the three years since the office was established.
		The figure is equal to more than two entry visas for each of the 500,000 households in the country, and, according to Foreign Minister Theodoros Pangalos, speaking during his visit last week to Skopje, is an indication of Greece's willingness to further improveties between the two countries.
		The liaison office was established under the terms of a 1995 interim agreement which also states that Greece and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia are to proceed to talks under UN auspices to find a mutually acceptable solution to the name of the former Yugoslav republic.
	www.hri.org /cgi-bin/brief?/news/greek/apeen/1998/98-12-28.apeen.html (1961 words)

	Glossaire de termes philatéliques, lettre c-cm
		Canton: Chinese treaty port; 1844-1922: British Post Office used stamps of Hong Kong, 1856: occupied by French and British forces, 1886-98: use stamps of Germany, 1900, Jan. 1-1917, Mar.17: German Post offices in China, 1901, June 15,-1922, Dec. 31: overprint on stamps of Indo-China, French Offices in China, 1949, Oct.: occupied by Communist armies.
		China, French Offices: 1862-94: used stamps of France, 1894: "Chine" overprinted on stamps of France, 1904-22: "Chine" overprinted on stamps of Indo-China, 1906, Oct.: stamps used for French naval base at Kwang-Chow.
		China, German Offices: 1898, Jan. 26-Dec. 31, 1901: overprint on stamps of Germany, overprint plus surcharge, "5pf" for use in Foochow and Tientsin, 1898, Mar. 6: Kiaochow (Kiautschou) leased to Germany, 1914, Nov. 7: Kiaochow (Kiautschou) surrendered to Japan, 1917, Mar. 17: all post offices closed.
	rodolphe.hipp.free.fr /utilitaires/glossaire/b25c_cm.htm (7107 words)

	FOREIGN: Sale 393 - June 30, 2004 - R. Maresch & Son Auctions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Australia, Germany, U.S.A., Post Office packs, new Issues, used, F.D.C.'s, postal stationery, literature, etc., careful inspection will be rewarded.
		WESTERN EUROPE and COLONIES: Old European dealer's stock and accumulation of several countries and their related colonies, interesting Austrian and Italian Offices, French Colonies, France, Italy, Spain and Belgium.
		German and Polish locals, Austrian Consular Seal, 5 G.B. George V Stamp Exhibition labels, etc., most interesting group.
	www.maresch.com /392/to1053.htm (2363 words)

	Annotations for Arundhati Roy's _The God of Small Things_ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The fact that someone who belonged to the Indian National Army was later recognized and honored for his efforts seems very unlikely, since all other sources said that the former members of the Indian National Army were punished.
		Their escape was popularized in the 1965 film by 20th Century Fox, The Sound of Music, in which Christopher Plummer played Baron von Trapp.
		When Cronus discovered his mistake, he looked everywhere for Zeus, Rhea had hidden Zeus in a cave on Mount Dicte, in Crete, and the Curetes danced about clashing their spears and shields so that Cronus would not hear the boy crying.
	www.sjsu.edu /depts/jwss/annotations/gost/gostanot.html (7773 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		A very clean post office fresh lot of lots of modern face value including post office year sets and little folders with modern blocks, 1990's era issues, plus some older material, some of which was collected by topic such as 2c reds.
		Then the Russian post offices abroad covers with 4 lovely postal history items, two of which have Russian stamps accompanying the postal stationery with a combination of cyrillic and roman alphabets and some extraordinary cancels including a diamond zig-zag on a 4 kop Russian postal stationery.
		They include post office openings, covers related to various wars and military actions, special cancels and cachets, plus postal stationery, etc. There are a few regular first day covers including a nice set of #1-9 Doar Ivri on small size FDC plus there several larger covers with portions of booklet pane sheets.
	www.gregmanning.com /gma173/sout173.txt (15153 words)

	FoFy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		In the spring of 1848 he served with the Austrian forces in Italy, where Lombardy-Venetia, supported by King Charles Albert of Sardinia, had rebelled against Austrian rule.
		When revolution spread to the capitals of the Austrian Empire, Francis Joseph was proclaimed emperor at Olmütz (Olomouc) on Dec. 2, 1848, after the abdication of the emperor Ferdinand--the rights of his father, the archduke, to the throne having been passed over.
		After graduating, in 1882, he joined the staff of the Vienna General Hospital, specializing in neurology, and collaborating with the Austrian neurologist Josef Breuer in the treatment of hysteria by the recall of painful experiences under hypnosis.
	www.philately.com /philately/biofofy.htm (6873 words)

	Athens News Agency: News in English (PM), 98-04-15
		An anarchist group has publicly apologised to the students of a private technical college trapped during a fire-bomb attack on the offices of the Retired Army Officers Association in downtown Athens last night.
		Earlier in the day, some 30 activists of the international environmental advocasy group blocked the gates of the Soy Mills Co., demanding an end to the importation of genetically altered products.
		Fine weather is forecast in most parts of Greece today with the possibility of scattered showers in Crete, the Dodecanese islands and the islands of the eastern Aegean Sea.
	www.hri.org /cgi-bin/brief?/news/greek/apeen/1998/98-04-15_1.apeen.html (907 words)

	List of entities that have issued postage stamps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		This is a list of entities that have issued postage stamps at some point since 1840.
		The list includes any kind of governmental entity that issued a distinct type of stamp, including post offices in foreign countries, military occupations, colonies, and city-states.
		The list excludes the current members of the UPU that are listed at postal organizations.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/L/List-of-entities-that-have-issued-postage-stamps.htm (362 words)

	Crete Products (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Crete and Greece: complete CD-ROM guide to living there
		GREECE - SG 385 - 1923 5d of Crete opt'd - GREECE
		GREECE CRETE MAP col. etching Mercator Hondius 1607
	www.knoxferatu.net /crete.html (235 words)

	The APS library - Austria Philatelic Society (US)
		Vol 1 No 2: the Vienna-Kiev airmail service continued; Austrian Post Office in Crete; 1890 issue translated from Ferch.2000; disputed colour variations on ANK844, the 1.9.1947 75gr-on-38gr and 140gr-on-16gr overprints; thimble cancels (all with colour illustrations); an Auction to be begun.
		Vol 1 No 3: Austrian Post Office in Crete concluded; Losenstein 'bridge rebuilding' 1945 overprints; Bosnia-Herzegowina 1879/99 issues translated from Ferch.2000; 'Adressezettel' postcard; A. Guttag's Tante Mina.
		Vol 3 No 1: the Ergänzungsmarke; the Spital 'stamp'; Revenue stamps used for Postage and conversely (a translation of Ferch2K pp263-273); Austrian offices in Neum.
	www.kitzbuhel.demon.co.uk /austamps/notbooks/apsus.htm (634 words)

	Czech Republic Population, Map and Flag
		Because of this, the evolution of the Czechs' literary Interesting Places language became historically linked to their efforts to maintain their ethnic identity.
		Travel Information and Best Sites Beforethere was no independent nation of Czechoslovakia, Interesting Places and Bohemia and Moravia, the Czech-speaking regions that now constitute theinternet caucasus liechtenstein europa, cultura romenia argentino latin america.
		Because of this, the evolution of the Czechs' literary language became historically linked to their efforts to maintain their ethnic identity.
	cyprus.europe-countries.com /travel/czech-republic.htm (1763 words)

	Timeline of postal history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		1825 - The US establishes a dead letter office.
		1938 - Austrian stamps are phased out after the Anschluss.
		1974 - United States ends its use of highway post offices.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Timeline_of_postal_history.htm (1519 words)

	Harmers of London Sale - 4701 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The auction commences with a good section of Collections and mixed lots followed by Ai Mail Crash covers and an interesting section of Cinderella lots.
		AUSTRIA Lots (214-226) Lombardy and Venetia, Austrian Post Offices in the Turkish Empire.
		ITALY Lots (369-400) Naples, Papal States, Romagna, Sardinia, Sicily, Tuscany, Fiume, Italian Post Offices in the Turkish Empire.
	stampauctionnetwork.com /ar/ar4701.cfm (444 words)

	Sale 2953: US and Worldwide Stamps & Postal History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Great Britain - Offices in the Turkish Empire
		New Zealand Post Office Yearbooks, 1984-95, complete for period plus the limited edition "The Emerging Years", "New Zealand Art", "New Zealand Heritage" and "Scenic Trains" book, stamps NH, VF.
		British Commonwealth / Channel Islands Collection, 1840/2001, interesting collection of predominantly mint stamps, nice variety of early issues beginning with the British "Penny Black" (used) and progressing forward from there, strong in face material especially in complete booklets plus a wide variety of Machins, countries incl.
	www.gregmanning.com /hrharmer/sales/2953/HTML/2953_24.html (3224 words)

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