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	Austro-Hungarian Empire
		Austria-Hungary originated in 1867 in a compromise between the Hungarian nobility and the Habsburg monarchy in an attempt to maintain the old Austrian Empire of 1804.
		The disputes between the halves of the empire culminated in the mid-1900s in a prolonged constitutional crisis -- triggered by disagreement over the language of command in Hungarian army units, and deepened by the advent to power in Budapest (April 1906) of a Hungarian nationalist coalition.
		The Empire annexed this territory in October 1908 as a common holding under the control of the finance ministry rather than attaching it to either territorial government.
	abcworld.net /Austro-Hungarian_Empire.html (3197 words)

	Austro-Hungarian Empire
		Note the missing yellow fimbration of the Hungarian coat of arms as well as the more rounded form of the shields, all according to the image in the decree.
		Diem (1995) wrote about the white pearls in the crown of the war ensign: ""The originally 30 pearls of the war flag, however, became in the course of the decades 18 which were supposed to symbolize the Crown Lands."
		As to its colours unchanged naval ensign the ancient Hungarian red-and-white coat of arms is to be shown next to the coat of arms of the "Austrian House".
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/ah.html (1676 words)

	Austria-Hungary - MSN Encarta
		At this time, the Ottoman Empire, which had once controlled much of southeastern Europe and still controlled the Straits of Bosporus at Constantinople (present-day İstanbul), was in its final stages of disintegration.
		On June 28, 1914, Archduke Francis Ferdinand, the presumed heir to the Austrian and Hungarian crowns, was assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia, by a Serbian patriot.
		Recognizing that the collapse of the monarchy was inevitable, the nationalist groups within the empire organized national councils that acted as separate governments.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761579967_2/Austria-Hungary.html (1337 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Relations over the next half-century between the two halves of the Empire (in fact the Cisleithan part contained about 57% of the combined realm's population and a rather larger share of its economic resources) were punctuated by repeated disputes over shared external tariff arrangements and the financial contribution of each government to the common treasury.
		The disputes between the halves of the empire culminated in the mid-1900s in a prolonged constitutional crisis triggered by disagreement over the language of command in Hungarian army units, and deepened by the advent to power in Budapest (April 1906) of a Hungarian nationalist coalition.
		The Empire had previously lost ethnically Italian areas to Piedmont due to nationalist movements sweeping through Italy, and the threat of losing the southern territories inhabited by Slavs to Serbia was rather imminent.
	www.informationgenius.com /encyclopedia/a/au/austria_hungary.html (1074 words)

	Austria-Hungary -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The disputes between the halves of the empire culminated in the mid- (The decade from 1900 to 1909) 1900s in a prolonged constitutional crisis -- triggered by disagreement over the language of command in Hungarian army units, and deepened by the advent to power in Budapest (April 1906) of a Hungarian nationalist coalition.
		The Empire annexed this territory in October 1908 as a common holding under the control of the finance ministry rather than attaching it to either territorial government.
		Both (A mountainous republic in central Europe; under the Habsburgs (1278-1918) Austria maintained control of the Holy Roman Empire and was a leader in European politics until the 19th century) Austria and (A republic in central Europe) Hungary became republics, exiling the Habsburg family in perpetuity.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/A/Au/Austria-Hungary1.htm (3428 words)

	Sandafayre Stamp Auctions \| Stamp Atlas \| Austro-Hungarian Empire
		Hungary was linked to Austria and the Holy Roman Empire as a subject state from the mid- 16th century.
		In 1806, after the battle of Austerlitz, the Holy Roman Empire disappeared and in 1810, Napoleon married an Austrian princess.
		This led to intervention by Russia and the embryo Hungarian government was suppressed.
	www.sandafayre.com /atlas/ahempir.htm (760 words)

	Austria-Hungary - MSN Encarta
		Austria was formed during the Napoleonic Wars, a series of wars fought from 1799 to 1815 between France, led by Napoleon I, and a number of European nations.
		The Austrian Empire included the kingdom of Hungary, although the ruling class of Hungary, the Magyars, persistently pressed for more control in the years leading up to the compromise.
		In the Austrian part of the new empire, the constitutional monarchy that was established in the old Austrian empire by an agreement called the February Patent of 1861 remained in force.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761579967/Austria-Hungary.html (1407 words)

	Europa: The History of the White Race :Chapter 39 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The collapse of the Roman Empire left the peoples of Hungary more or less to its own devices: by this time it was a mish mash of contesting Slavic tribes with small pockets of Asiatics, leftovers from the Hunnish and Avar invasions, scattered throughout the land.
		Although the Byzantines seized control of the Hungarian throne, they were themselves too weak to hold on to it indefinitely, and Byzantine influence declined with the 1180 death of the Emperor Manuel I Commenus, who had initiated the Byzantine invasion in the first place.
		In the midst of the suppression other Hungarian uprising, Austria became embroiled in a short conflict with Prussia: so weakened, Austria was forced to agree to a compromise with Hungary: the country could have its own legislature, language and constitution, but in exchange the two countries would share a common emperor.
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/fowles/500/hwr39.htm (3534 words)

	2d. The Austro-Hungarian Empire [Beyond Books - Modern European History]
		Although the revolution was crushed, Hungarian nationalist sentiment remained a persistent problem for the ruling Austrians.
		Leader of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, Lajos Kossuth was the first president of the new Hungarian Republic.
		And though in principle the new empire was a constitutional monarchy, the emperor retained considerable powers, especially that of dissolving the parliaments by fiat.
	www.beyondbooks.com /eur12/2d.asp (913 words)

	From the Austro
		The use of the “Hungarian Mosaic confession” wording, introduced by Hungarian policy makers who intended to transform the empire into a nation-state, had a tremendous effect on the Jews, especially in the regions under Hungarian jurisdiction.
		The ratio between the German and the Hungarian as spoken languages by the Jews of Banat, from 1880 to 1910, was inverted.
		Their prestige during the last decades of the Empire show the acknowledgement of the social and economic usefulness of their activity and confidence in their practice of these professions.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series04/IVA-15/from_the_austro.htm (11058 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
		During the period of migrations which followed the fall of the Roman Empire, Austria was the fighting-ground of the barbaric hordes which poured through it.
		Most of the Hungarian bishops had falleen at the battle of Mohács, and the subsequent disputes concerning the succession to the throne distracted the monarchy.
		Even when Louis XIV forced his way in from the West, bringing calamity in his train, and the war cry of the Osmanli was heard within the imperial citadel, the rulers of Austria still trusted in God.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02121b.htm (16978 words)

	Austro-Hungarian Empire
		Note the missing yellow fimbration of the Hungarian coat of arms as well as the more rounded form of the shields, all according to the image in the decree.
		Diem (1995) wrote about the white pearls in the crown of the war ensign: ""The originally 30 pearls of the war flag, however, became in the course of the decades 18 which were supposed to symbolize the Crown Lands."
		As to its colours unchanged naval ensign the ancient Hungarian red-and-white coat of arms is to be shown next to the coat of arms of the "Austrian House".
	www.fotw.net /flags/ah.html (1703 words)

	wbur.org Arts - Books - Empire's End
		Joseph Roth (1894-1939) is the supreme elegist of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
		Many of Roth's fifteen novels are steeped in nostalgia for the utopia the monarchy might have been, but his sure eye for flaws in the social fabric and his unflinching regard for the downtrodden temper the sentimentality that could easily have overwhelmed his fiction.
		Roth was born to a Jewish family in Brody in Galicia, on the easternmost edge of the Hapsburg Empire.
	www.wbur.org /arts/2003/49758_20030827.asp (1177 words)

	Origins and History Bosnia-Hercegovina Under the Austro-Hungarian Empire, 1878-1918: Prelude to World War I \| Carl ...
		Instead, at the Congress of Berlin in 1878, sponsored by Germany and Britain and Austria, under Article XXV of the Treaty of Berlin, Bosnia-Hercegovina was placed under the administration and occupation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
		These Moslems were the traditional enemies of the Christian Serbs, and in 1941 their religious zeal had urged them to join in the massacres of SerbsÖ; As pillage was followed by discipline, the energy of the Mujos was canalized into the Waffen SS.
		Austria-Hungary was unstable because of the large Slavic population of the Empire which sought self-determination and autonomy or independence.
	www.serbianna.com /columns/savich/015.shtml (4147 words)

	Austro-hungarian Empire - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ethnic Nationalism and the Fall of Empires: Central Europe, Russia and the Middle East, 1914-1923
		The Habsburg Empire; The World of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in Original Photographs, 1840-1916.
		Twilight of the Habsburgs;: The collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (Library of the 20th century)
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /austro-hungarian_empire.htm (108 words)

	Austro-Hungarian Army - Bosnian-Herzegovina Commemorative Medal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		After some mutinies, the most serious one in 1882, the situation in these provinces normalized, the army ran the postal service as well as the railways, they built roads, bridges as well as schools and hospitals.
		Thirty years after the occupation of the area, which had still the legal status of occupied territory, was annexed by the Austro-Hungarian Empire on the 5th of October 1908.
		The new provinces became neither part of the Austrian nor of the Hungarian part of the monarchy, they were administrated by newly created federal authorities.
	www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk /bosmed.htm (413 words)

	Researching Your Hungarian Ancestors
		Hungarian Genealogy List and Help is the genealogy page of Hungarotips where you will find a fun page of information about the country.
		She also provides a fill in the blank letter (in Hungarian) that can be sent to the Hungarian Archives.
		German Genealogy: Habsburg Empire provides links to information on the area as it was from 1814-1918.
	www.barbsnow.net /Hungary.htm (665 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Austro-Hungarian
		WAR IN EUROPE.(historical background about the Austro-Hungarian empire and the creation of Yugoslavia that is part of the Kosovo military crisis)
		(the Austro-Hungarian empire's navy of multi-national personnel including Ritter von Trapp, were all loyal to the Emperor Franz Josef I)
		Hungarian refugees fleeing the National insurgency in a temporary shelter.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Austro-Hungarian (260 words)

	[No title]
		Many of the component nationalities of the Austro-Hungarian empire and therefore its armed forces were Slavs and had no desire at all to fight the Russians and actually quite often deserted and joined the Russians instead.
		But those Hungarians were in better connection with the opressed locals then with their hated Austrian officers.(The Poles are the best friends of the Hungarians.) So the Hungarian companies were watched by Austrian companies.
		On the other hand, if you read Joseph Roth's Radetzkymarch link and his other works you see that, while being useless as a modern fighting force, the AH Empire had many virtues and was in some ways preferable to all the supernationalisms that replaced it.
	www.strategypage.com /militaryforums/30-31756.aspx (2088 words)

	NWC Elective 5205 Topic 9
		It belongs to the paradoxes of which the history of the Habsburg empire is so rich that its official birthday in 1804 does not mark the beginning of an era of leadership in Central Europe.
		The largely Germanic Holy Roman Empire continued to be presided over by a (usually) Habsburg emperor, while the Habsburg family ruled more directly over its hereditary collection of lands and peoples.
		Austria considered itself the traditional leader of the German Empire, and during the revolutions of 1848 the Hohenzollerns rejected liberal attempts to make Prussia the center of a new Empire.
	www.ndu.edu /nwc/facstaff/Bassford/5205Empires-FallAY05-06/TOPICS/T9/T-9.html (800 words)

	Austro-Hungarian Army - The Armistice 1918
		The Hungarian Minister for War had in the meantime addressed himself to the emperor personally, with the result that at ten o'clock that evening Arz issued an order that Linder's order might now be obeyed.
		Troops of all nationalities of the vanishing empire passing through the valley of the Inn on their way to Salzburg encountered the Bavarian regiments commanded by General Krafft von Delmensingen, formerly the renowned commander of the Bavarian Alpine Corps, which were on their way to the Brenner and the Tauern Mountains.
		Even had the German-Austrian troops not intermingled with the Slavs and the Hungarians, it would have been impossible for the Council of State to have taken upon itself the responsibility for a continuance of the war; especially a continuance of the war within their own country.
	www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk /armistice.html (3990 words)

	United States boys clothes : immigration Slovak Slovakia Slovakian
		The Empire was a dual monarchy with the Austrians sharing power with the Hungarians.
		A very large number were illiterate, primarily because Hungarian authorities did not encourafe school attendance which they belieced, probany correctly, would cause a greater degree of ethnic identity.
		This may have reflected the evolving policies of the Astro-Hungarian Empire to accomodate the desires of the various national groups in the Empire.
	www.histclo.com /country/us/imm/cou/imm-slovak.html (1647 words)

	Austro-Hungarian Empire - Yacht Club Flags
		The difference is in the crown and the COA used - for Austria the Austrian imperial crown and the fl double eagle, and for Hungary the St. Stephen's crown and the Hungarian COA.
		I do not know how many such flags were in use, possibly more in Italian parts of the empire (Venice, Trieste) and maybe in Pula - being important military port where certainly was quite a number of high ranking Austrian naval officers living, which were naturally (probably) highest ranking YC officers' too.
		Regarding Hungarian ensigns, apart from Rijeka, and maybe Kraljevica (Porto Re) I doubt that there was importan port that would hav YC members.
	www.hampshireflag.co.uk /world-flags/allflags/ah~yct.html (330 words)

	Headlines@Hopkins: Johns Hopkins University News Releases
		There were numerous infringements of borders, and the diversity of the empire was in large part due to the creation for the first time of a cosmopolitan culture.
		When the empire Roth loved began to crumble at the beginning of the 20th century, people experienced a feeling of loss that was evident in the work of Roth and his contemporaries, says Spinner, who is majoring in German.
		As an Orthodox Jew whose mother is from Long Island and whose father is from Czernowitz, a city in the former Austro-Hungarian empire that is now part of the Ukraine, Spinner says he was drawn to Roth's novels.
	www.jhu.edu /news_info/news/home02/mar02/spinner.html (679 words)

	The Doomed Empire -The creation of Austria and Hungary
		The Hungarian Parliament buildings, the largest in the world, on the banks of the Danube river which flows through Budapest.
		German defeat led to Soviet occupation of the country in late 1944, despite Hungarian SS units putting up a desperate and heroic defense of Budapest to the very last man. Many hundreds of thousands of ethnic Germans and pro-German Hungarians fled Hungary at this time.
		Economic decline followed the Sovietization of Hungarian society, which saw the country being forced to pay reparations to the Soviet Union for its pro-German stance during the war adding to the country's struggling economic woes.
	www.white-history.com /hwr39ii.htm (2095 words)

	Austria Europe - Pictures, Sites and Maps
		Once the center of power for the large Austro-Hungarian Empire, Austria was reduced to a small republic after its defeat in World War I. Following annexation by Nazi Germany in 1938 and subsequent occupation by the victorious Allies in 1945, Austria's status remained unclear for a decade.
		German (official nationwide), Slovene (official in Carinthia), Croatian (official in Burgenland), Hungarian (official in Burgenland).
		A key issue is the encouragement of much greater participation in the labor market by its aging population.
	austria.europe-countries.com (2652 words)

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