Austro-Hungarian Empire

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	Austria-Hungary -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		The disputes between the halves of the empire culminated in the mid- (The decade from 1900 to 1909) 1900s in a prolonged constitutional crisis -- triggered by disagreement over the language of command in Hungarian army units, and deepened by the advent to power in Budapest (April 1906) of a Hungarian nationalist coalition.
		Both (A mountainous republic in central Europe; under the Habsburgs (1278-1918) Austria maintained control of the Holy Roman Empire and was a leader in European politics until the 19th century) Austria and (A republic in central Europe) Hungary became republics, exiling the Habsburg family in perpetuity.
		Hungarian dissatisfaction grew partially from Austria's suppression, with (A federation in northeastern Europe and northern Asia; formerly Soviet Russia; since 1991 an independent state) Russian support, of the (Click link for more info and facts about Hungarian liberal revolution) Hungarian liberal revolution of 1848 – 1849.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/A/Au/Austria-Hungary1.htm

	Austro-hungarian Empire - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch
		Twilight of the Habsburgs;: The collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (Library of the 20th century)
		The Habsburg Empire; The World of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in Original Photographs, 1840-1916.
		Ethnic Nationalism and the Fall of Empires: Central Europe, Russia and the Middle East, 1914-1923
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /austro-hungarian_empire.htm

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
		Most of the Hungarian bishops had falleen at the battle of Mohács, and the subsequent disputes concerning the succession to the throne distracted the monarchy.
		During the period of migrations which followed the fall of the Roman Empire, Austria was the fighting-ground of the barbaric hordes which poured through it.
		This visit (1782) was very oportune for the emperor and the leaders of the new tendency in the empire.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02121b.htm

	Austro-Hungarian Monarchy -> The Nature of Austria-Hungary on Encyclopedia.com 2002
		The reorganization of Austria and Hungary was made possible by the Ausgleich [compromise] of 1867, a constitutional compromise between Hungarian aspirations for independence and Emperor Francis Joseph 's desire for a strong, centralized empire as a source of power after Austria's defeat in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866.
		Slovenians go for the gold: tourism, trade with the West; Once ruled by the Austro-Hungarian empire, then part of the Communist Yugoslavian federation, Slovenia has been independent only since 1991.
		The Hungarians gained control of their internal affairs in return for agreeing to a centralized foreign policy and continued union of the Austrian and Hungarian crowns in the Hapsburg ruler.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/AustroHu_TheNatureofAustria-Hungary.asp

	Austro-Hungarian Empire - Imperial Standards
		The flag of the archdukes is an orangeish color, slightly redder than the bottom stripe of the current German flag, very much like that of the flag of the emperor (of the Holy Roman Empire) on Znamierowski (1999), p.55.
		The flag of the emperor and empress was called "purpur" and the illustration is a violet color very close to the Romanian royal flag as illustrated in Znamierowski (1999) "World Encyclopedia", p.58.
		Pennant Red over White over Red, ratio 1:100.
	flagspot.net /flags/ah-imper.html

	Austro-Hungarian Land Forces - Links
		Its aims are to represent Hungarian veterans, to preserve their history, and to perpetuate their valuable ideals.
		Detailing units and organisation of the Imperial German Army, both Pre and during World War I. Decorations of the States of the German Empire.
		The MHBK is the World Federation of Hungarian Veterans, or Magyar Harcosok Bajtársi Közössége.
	www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk /links.htm

	Austria-Hungary - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The disputes between the halves of the empire culminated in the mid-1900s in a prolonged constitutional crisis -- triggered by disagreement over the language of command in Hungarian army units, and deepened by the advent to power in Budapest (April 1906) of a Hungarian nationalist coalition.
		The Austro-Hungarian Army suffered very serious casualties throughout the war.
		Although the unified government determined overall military direction, the Austrian and Hungarian governments each remained in charge of "the quota of recruits, legislation concerning compulsory military service, transfer and provision of the armed forces, and regulation of the civic, non-military affairs of members of the armed forces".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Austria-Hungary (3223 words)

	N%20-%20Austria%20First%202K.html
		Following a tradition ( from the Austro - Hungarian Empire) of featuring female portraits on the notes, this new Two - Krone note depicts a young woman.
		By 1918 Austro-Hungarian forces were broadly defeated, and Austria and Hungary separated and declared themselves republics.
		In the late 19th century the Habsburgs struggled to protect the empire from nationalism, particularly in Hungary, Italy, and Prussia.
	www.pomexport.com /N-Austria%20First%202K/N%20-%20Austria%20First%202K.html (3223 words)

	History Today: Fran Josef's forgotten U-boat captains. (the Austro-Hungarian empire's navy of multi-national personnel including Ritter von Trapp, were all loyal to the Emperor Franz Josef I)@ HighBeam Research
		The Austro-Hungarian navy - a curious concept for an empire whose centre was landlocked - but John Harbron argues that its U-boats at least, manned by multi-national crews, not only worked, but worked well.
		(the Austro-Hungarian empire's navy of multi-national personnel including Ritter von Trapp, were all loyal to the Emperor Franz Josef I) «Read the Full Article, get a FREE TRIAL for instant access» This is a premium article.
		The Hapsburg empire's navy included U-boats with 50 captains leading the multi-ethnic crews.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:18381682&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (228 words)

	Austria-Hungary - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Imperial (Austrian) and Royal (Hungarian) governments differed also to some extent in their attitude toward the Empire's common foreign policy, leaders in Budapest fearing particularly annexations of territory which would add to the kingdom's non-Hungarian populations, though the Empire's alliance with Germany against
		1859) and Germany ( Austro-Prussian War, 1866) as well as continued Hungarian dissatisfaction with rule from Vienna, and increasing national consciousness on the part of other nationalities.
		Transleithanian ("Hungarian") half also consisted of more than simply Hungary, and was referred to as the "Lands of the Holy Hungarian Stephen's Crown," a reference to the sainted first Christian king of Hungary.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Austria-Hungary (228 words)

	Austria-Hungary - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The disputes between the halves of the empire culminated in the mid- 1900s in a prolonged constitutional crisis triggered by disagreement over the language of command in Hungarian army units, and deepened by the advent to power in Budapest (April 1906) of a Hungarian nationalist coalition.
		Austria-Hungary had been established by a compromise between the Hungarian nobility and the Habsburg monarchy in an attempt to maintain the old Austrian Empire.
		Although military direction was determined by the unified government, the Austrian and Hungarian governments each remained in charge of "the quota of recruits, legislation concerning compulsory military service, transfer and provision of the armed forces, and regulation of the civic, non-military affairs of members of the armed forces".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Empire (228 words)

	AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN NAVAL ENSIGNS & FLAGS
		Though the Austrian Empire (known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy after the constitutional reforms of 1867) was never major sea power, it had since the eighteenth century maintained a small but efficient navy.
		When the Dual Monarchy collapsed in 1918, the ships of its navy were allocated to the victorious Entente powers.
		It is unlikely that either the 1915 ensign and jack or the 1915 rank flags were much used before the war (and the Dual Monarchy) came to an end in 1918.
	tmg110.tripod.com /austria1.htm (228 words)

	Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
		The reorganization of Austria and Hungary was made possible by the Ausgleich [compromise] of 1867, a constitutional compromise between Hungarian aspirations for independence and Emperor Francis Joseph ’s desire for a strong, centralized empire as a source of power after Austria’s defeat in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866.
		The agreement to establish the Dual Monarchy, which was worked out primarily by the Austrian foreign minister, Count Beust, and two Hungarians, the elder Count Andrássy and Francis Deak, divided the Hapsburg empire into two states.
		The Hungarians gained control of their internal affairs in return for agreeing to a centralized foreign policy and continued union of the Austrian and Hungarian crowns in the Hapsburg ruler.
	www.bartleby.com /65/au/AustroHu.html (228 words)

	STATI LIBERO di FIUME FREE STATE of FIUME
		The Adriatic city was the chief port of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, seat of the Royal Naval Academy and a shipbuilding center.
		Fiume came under Hungarian rule with the institution of the dual monarchy in 1867.
		The town was a fiefdom of the Holy Roman Empire in medieval times, fell under Hapsburg rule in 1466 and remained so until the end of World War I except for a brief period of Venetian rule during the 15th century and an eight year French reign during the Napoleonic wars.
	worldatwar.net /nations/other/fiume (2047 words)

	The Nitpickers Site: Movie Nitpick - Sound of Music, The - 1965
		Second: At the time of the Captain's service (probably during World War I), Austria was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which certainly had a navy and ports in the Balkans.
		Yes, von Trapp was an officer in the Austro-Hungarian Navy in WW I. But in the movie the Nazis quickly realize that in order to get him to accept a commission in the German Navy he needs to be ambushed by SS/SA men outside his home at night and forcibly escorted to Bremerhaven.
		Austria was a part of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire and lost her sea cost in the Treaty of Versailles that redrew the boundaries of Europe when the Americans and the British won the war.
	www.nitpickers.com /movies/nitpick.cgi?np=2752 (688 words)

	Radetzky Models
		The navy’s problems were further exacerbated by the eleven different ethnic groups comprising the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
		The Dual Monarchy of the Empire, in which the Emperor of Austria was also the King of Hungary, was reflected in the navy’s title, the Imperial and Royal Austrian Navy.
		Germans and Czechs generally were in signals and engine room duties, Hungarians became gunners while Croats and Italians were seamen or stokers.
	www.steelnavy.com /Radetzky.htm (2120 words)

	Hapsburg Empire, The: The World of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in Original Photographs 1840-1916 - HUBMANN, FRANZ
		Hapsburg Empire, The: The World of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in Original Photographs 1840-1916 - HUBMANN, FRANZ
		HUBMANN, FRANZ Hapsburg Empire, The: The World of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in Original Photographs 1840-1916
		They offer full satisfaction and normal prices - no markups, no hidden costs, no overcharged shipping costs.
	www.antiqbook.co.uk /boox/pbi/23463.shtml (2120 words)

	gulden3.txt
		Is there any connection between the "florin and the Hungarian "forint?" If >there is a connection, is it through the Habsburg empire or Calvinists?
		Subject: Re: LL-L: "Currencies" [E] LOWLANDS-L, 18.MAY.1998 (02) > Is there any connection between the "florin and the Hungarian "forint?" If > there is a connection, is it through the Habsburg empire or Calvinists?
		The Dutch word "florijn" and the Hungarian "forint" are both ultimately of the same origin: Du.
	instruct1.cit.cornell.edu /courses/dutch/gulden3.txt (2120 words)

	Austria-Hungary - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Austria-Hungary originated in 1867 in a compromise between the Hungarian nobility and the Habsburg monarchy in an attempt to maintain the old Austrian Empire of 1804.
		Although the unified government determined overall military direction, the Austrian and Hungarian governments each remained in charge of "the quota of recruits, legislation concerning compulsory military service, transfer and provision of the armed forces, and regulation of the civic, non-military affairs of members of the armed forces".
		Hungarian dissatisfaction grew partially from Austria's suppression, with Russian support, of the Hungarian liberal revolution of 1848 – 1849.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Austria-Hungary (2120 words)

	Austro-Hungarian krone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Consumer prices rose sixteen-fold during the war, as the government had no hesitation in running the Austro-Hungarian Bank's printing presses to pay its bills and triggering a higher inflation rate than in the other combatant countries.
		gold standard in 1892 when the new currency of the Krone (Crown, also known in Hungarian and other imperial languages as the Koruna) of 100 hellers was introduced.
		From 1900 onwards, Krone notes were the only legal banknotes of the Empire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Austro-Hungarian_krone (2120 words)

	Mises, Finance and Banking in the Austrian Empire and the Republic of Austria: Essays from the Encyclopedia Britannica: Library of Economics and Liberty
		The suspension of cash payment by the Austro-Hungarian Bank was continued, but the bank was bound to provide, by every means at its disposal, that the value of its notes as quoted on foreign bourses should be permanently secured in proportion to the parity of the legal mint standard of the krone currency.
		Hungary, on the other hand, striving for access to the money markets of the West, desired that the obligation of the Austro-Hungarian Bank to cash its notes should be explicitly mentioned in the law, in order to make the public loans rank as easily negotiable securities on foreign bourses.
		It could not wait until all the other states had passed from the Austro-Hungarian krone to a national krone.
	www.econlib.org /library/Mises/msEnc1.html (2120 words)

	Austro-Hungarian Empire
		This was the joint Austro-Hungarian flag brought in sometime after the 1867 "Ausgleich" or "Compromise", which gave Hungary home rule.
		As to its colours unchanged naval ensign the ancient Hungarian red-and-white coat of arms is to be shown next to the coat of arms of the "Austrian House".
		Note the missing yellow fimbration of the Hungarian coat of arms as well as the more rounded form of the shields, all according to the image in the decree.
	www.fotw.net /flags/ah.html (2120 words)

	Austro-Hungarian Army - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Austro-Hungarian Army was the ground force of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
		It was composed of the common army (recruited from everywhere), the Austrian Landwehr (recruited only from Cisleithania), and the Hungarian Honvédség (recruited only from Transleithania).
		This army existed from establishment of the Dual Monarchy in 1867 until the end of World War I in 1918.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Austro-Hungarian_army (156 words)

	2d. The Austro-Hungarian Empire [Beyond Books - Modern European History]
		Leader of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, Lajos Kossuth was the first president of the new Hungarian Republic.
		Although the revolution was crushed, Hungarian nationalist sentiment remained a persistent problem for the ruling Austrians.
		As minority nationalities stepped up their campaigns for independence, the response from Austrian and Hungarian rulers was repression — in particular, the end of press freedoms and trial by jury.
	www.beyondbooks.com /eur12/2d.asp (156 words)

	AUSTRIA-HUNGARY - LoveToKnow Article on AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
		The story of the Hungarian wars is a monotonous record of forays, of assistance given at times to the Babenbcrgs by the forces of the Empire, and.
		The Hungarian retreat after the bloody battle of Kapolna (February 2627, 1849) was followed by the dissolution of the Kremsier assembly, and a proclamation in which the emperor announced his intention of granting a constitution to the whole monarchy one and indivisible.
		The Hungarians laid down the principle that they were in no way responsible for debts contracted during a time when they had been deprived of their constitutional liberties; they consented, however, to pay each year 291/2 million gulden towards the interest.
	2.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AU/AUSTRIA_HUNGARY.htm (20402 words)

	Krone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Krone - the former currency of the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1892.
		This is a disambiguation page, i.e., a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title.
	www.greatestinfo.org /Krone (20402 words)

	Austro-Hungarian Aircraft of World War One
		The Austro-Hungarian Empire's Aircraft were marked with the black Cross Patee and later the Balkan Cross upon a white stripe and on the tail upon a white stripe between two red stripes.
		Naval Aircraft would have the Hungarian Coat of Arms imposed upon the stripes as set forth in the upper left corner of this page
	members.aol.com /jkjustin/aushun.html (20402 words)

	German Genealogy: Habsburg Empire
		Retained were West and Central Hungary plus a small western portion of the Banat, the northern portion of the Batschka, the Central Hungarian Highlands, and the northern portion of Swabian Turkey.
		In Burgenland, records are mostly in Hungarian and some secular records are still in the state archives in Budapest.
		[This is the gazetteer used by the Family History Library to catalog the Hungarian collection.
	www.genealogienetz.de /reg/AUT/aut-hun.html (20402 words)

	Austro-Hungarian Empire and Franz Ferdinand - Stormfront White Nationalist Community
		But he also was a person, who was eager to turn Austria from dual to triple monarchy - including Slavs, as well as Hungarians, into the name of the country and turning the whole empire into a federation.
		As far as I read, Hungarians were quite satisfied with the status they got in Austria-Hungary.
		It would not only benefit and protect the white race from the outside but also propagate distinctive cultures within the race.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?p=1698292 (20402 words)

	Austria-Hungary -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Furthermore, the Hungarian army proved more than a match for the...
		Its boundaries, however, have changed repeatedly over the centuries as events in Europe precipitated the reduction, expansion, and partition of Hungarian territory.
		After centuries as one of the most powerful nations of Europe, proud Austria was forced to divide its empire with Hungary in 1867.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9011340?tocId=9011340 (20402 words)

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In the News (Wed 22 May 13)