Austro-Ottoman War

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Topic: Austro-Ottoman War

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In the News (Mon 28 May 12)

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	World Almanac for Kids
		WORLD WAR I, military conflict, from 1914 to 1918, that began as a local European war between Austria-Hungary and Serbia on July 28, 1914; was transformed into a general European struggle by declaration of war against Russia on Aug. 1, 1914; and eventually became a global war involving 32 nations.
		The immediate cause of the war between Austria-Hungary and Serbia was the assassination on June 28, 1914, at Sarajevo in Bosnia (together with Hercegovina, then part of Austria-Hungary), of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir-presumptive to the Austrian and Hungarian thrones, by Gavrilo Princip (1893?–1918), a Serb nationalist.
		The underlying causes of World War I were the intense nationalism that permeated Europe throughout the 19th and into the 20th century, the political and economic rivalry among nations, and the military buildup that occurred after 1871, when Germany emerged as a great world power.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/us_history/worldwar1.html (4451 words)

	1762-96. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		WAR WITH THE OTTOMANS (See 1768–74), as a result of Russian advances into Poland (See 1772, Aug. 5), in which the Russians won unprecedented victories.
		The Ottoman leaders were with difficulty dissuaded by Britain and Austria from declaring war on Russia.
		Helped by the war with the Ottomans, Pugachev was initially successful in gaining support and territory.
	www.bartleby.com /67/789.html (599 words)

	AllRefer.com - Berlin, Congress of (Turkish And Ottoman History) - Encyclopedia
		Bosnia and Hercegovina, original cause of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78, were assigned to Austria-Hungary for administration and military occupation.
		Greater Bulgaria, which had been created at San Stefano, was divided into N Bulgaria, a principality under nominal Ottoman suzerainty; Eastern Rumelia, to be governed, with certain autonomous rights, by a Christian appointee of the Ottoman emperor; and Macedonia (including Adrianople), under unrestricted Ottoman sovereignty.
		In Asia, Russia acquired Ardahan, Batum, and Kars from the Ottomans.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/BerlinCong.html (414 words)

	WHKMLA : Austro-Ottoman War 1592-1606
		When war broke out between the Ottoman Empire and Persia, the Habsburg-Ottoman War was concluded by the Peace of Zsitva Torok.
		Early in the war, Transylvania had sided with the Habsburgs; attempts to introduce the Counterreformation in Transylvanian areas defended by Habsburg mercenary troops, commanded by Gen. Basta (an ethnic Albanian), as well as atrocities committed by the latter, alienated the Transylvanians.
		The areas adjacent to Ottoman Hungary and Bosnia were constantly exposed to the threat of raids undertaken from Ottoman soil.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/16cen/austroott15921606.html (373 words)

	SANE Serbian-American Alliance of New England
		The new wars with the Habsburg Empire during the 18th century and the weakening of the central authorities in Constantinople stimulated the growth of anarchy which prior to the 19th century acquired large proportions.
		The wars Serbia and Montenegro supported by the Russian Empire waged against Turkey (1876-1878) resulted in the defeat of Albanian troops and the migration, either voluntarily or forcibly, of Albanians from the liberated territories in southeast Serbia.
		Kosovo-Metohija was located deep inside the Ottoman possessions in Europe and it resembled typical province where different religious and ethnic communities coexisted under the surveillance of the centralized administration under the supreme power of the sultan.
	www.sane-boston.org /aboutserbs_kos.html (6054 words)

	Austro-Ottoman War, 1716-1718
		Austria lost Serbia and Oltenia (= Little Wallachia) again in 1739, following another Austro-Ottoman War..
		The war was terminated by the Treaty of Passarowitz (July 21st 1718); the Ottoman Empire ceded the Banat, Oltenia (Little Wallachia) and Serbia.
		In 1715 Ottoman forces had retaken the Morea (Ottoman-Venetian War, 1714-1718) from Venice; Austria exerted diplomatic pressure on the Sublime Porte to return the peninsula.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/18cen/austott17161718.html (194 words)

	Vojska Srbije i Crne Gore
		On August 4th 1791, a four-year Austro-Ottoman War ended with a Treaty of Sistova, which determined the borders of the two countries.
		On August 4th 1914, Serbian Supreme Command sent the proclamation to the soldiers, which introduced them to the intentions of Austro-Hungary following the proclamation of war to Serbia.
		The Ottoman Empire was obligated to secure the river traffic and trade and Austria to evacuate the Turkish area.
	www.vj.yu /english/en_aktuelno/vesti/avgust2003/v0804e.htm (720 words)

	spulaha
		Although the Ottoman documents are numerous, the situation is better described by the registers of the cadastral office and the census data of the Ottoman Empire.
		The publication of the Ottoman cadastral registers has been instrumental in the creation of a thorough set of data for all the population of the Plain of Dukagjini and for the population of the towns of Kosova during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
		With the Ottoman occupation, a situation which was not very favorable to the colonization of these areas by the Slavs and to the Slavization of the Albanian population was created.
	members.aol.com /dxhezo/spulaha.htm (18124 words)

	Pre-war crises
		War seemed imminent but Russia was obliged to back down because England and France were unwilling to become involved in this issue and because Germany promised to give military support to Austria (The Kaiser said, "a knight in shining armour will be found by her [Austrian side.").
		In 1912, Britain and France made a naval agreement that in the event of a war, the British fleet should guard the North Sea and the English channel, while the French fleet was to be deployed in the Mediterranean.
		Firstly, Serbia was twice victorious in the Balkan wars and was larger than ever--her area doubled as she got a large part of Macedonia.
	www.thecorner.org /wwi/crises.htm (2186 words)

	Art History - History of Art - Art History in Ottoman Empire - Ottoman Art History
		Serbia and Montenegro declared war on the Ottoman Empire in 1876, and Russia came into the war on their behalf in the following year.
		The social consequences of war also included a change in the system of land tenure: increasingly, the old feudal timar estates were converted into a type of private estate known as a ciftlik, in response to the imperial treasury's need for cash instead of old-style feudal service.
		During these final decades of Ottoman rule, Muslims were violently expelled from Serbia; the rise of Serbia as a quasi-autonomous Christian province made Bosnian Muslims feel more isolated and vulnerable, and the increasing role of foreign powers (especially Austria and Russia) as "protectors" of the interests of Christians in the Balkans also raised their suspicions.
	www.easterncorner.com /Bosnia.htm (2203 words)

	SFOR - History of Bosnia and Herzegovina
		By the time of the Crimean war against Russia in 1853, the Ottoman Empire had begun to lose power in the region, allowing Russia to gain influence in the Balkans, particularly with Serbia and Montenegro.
		In 1877 the Russians successfully waged war against the Ottomans along the Danube and in Armenia.
		World War I is said to have started in Sarajevo with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in the summer of 1914.
	www.nato.int /sfor/indexinf/120/p03a/chapter4.htm (700 words)

	first.htm
		Palestinian deputies from Jerusalem, Jaffa, Nablus and Acre elected to Ottoman parliament of 1908 in Constantinople.
		Ottoman Sultan Abd-al Hamid II rejects Herzl's proposal that Palestine be granted to the Jews.
		Ottoman government sends commission of inquiry to Palestine to study implications of Zionist mass immigration and land acquisition.
	www.alnakba.org /chronology/first.htm (820 words)

	Mehmed III - TheBestLinks.com - December 22, Hungary, Habsburg, May 26, ...
		The major event of his reign was the Austro-Ottoman War in Hungary (1596–1605).
		Mehmed III (May 26, 1566 – December 22, 1603) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1595 until his death.
		Mehmed's armies conquered Erlau (1596) and defeated the Habsburg and Transylvanian forces at the Battle of Mezokeresztes during which the Sultan had to be dissuaded from fleeing the field halfway through the battle.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Mehmed_III.html (186 words)

	Austro-Ottoman War -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		any number of other Austro- (additional info and facts about Ottoman wars in Europe) Ottoman wars in Europe
		Austro-Ottoman War -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		the so-called (additional info and facts about Great Turkish war) Great Turkish war of 1683-1699, and/or the subsequent 1716-1718 war
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/au/austro-ottoman_war1.htm (46 words)

	Ottoman Empire - 3 - 1881 - Conservative Party
		It is Austria and not the Ottoman Empire (and, incidently, not Germany or Italy) that has pursued a militaristic policy and has consistenly threatened the less warlike countries around her.
		Votes were cast by the leaders the Ottoman Empire's political parties on a declaration of war on Austria-Hungary.
		By the terms of the Treaty of Ancona the Ottoman Empire agreed to aid Italy in the defense of her nation.
	www.cse.sc.edu /~girard/1881/OE_3_1881_ConA.html (717 words)

	Crimean War
		The Crimean War ended the dominant role of Russia in SE Europe; the cooling of Austro-Russian relations was an important factor in subsequent European history.
		Austria remained neutral, but by threatening to enter the war on the Ottoman side forced Russia to evacuate Moldavia and Walachia, which were occupied (Aug., 1854) by Austrian troops.
		In July, 1853, Russia retorted by occupying the Ottoman vassal states of Moldavia and Walachia, and in October, after futile negotiations, the Ottomans declared war.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0814043.html (610 words)

	American Leaders Speak: From War to Normalcy, p.2
		The addition of America's forces to the war effort ended a bloody stalemate, and the fighting came to an end with the Armistice of November 11, 1918.
		The war effort inspired high patriotic fervor and vicious campaigns against pacifists, radicals, and citizens of German origin.
		During World War I, Gompers sought to unite labor behind the war effort, forming the War Committee on Labor.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/nfhtml/nfexww1.html (503 words)

	Mir svoj dajem vam
		Following the Austro-Ottoman war, the Karlovac Peace Treaty and the Great Migration of the Serbs under the Patriarch Arsenije Carnojevic, The Becej area went under the rule of the Austrian Monarchy.
		The renowned Ottoman military leader and Great Vizier Mehmed-Pasha Sokolovic conquered Becej in 1551 and the town remains under the Turkish rule until 1687.
		By mid 17th century the feudal town had changed about a dozen of rulers, including the two sanctified Serbian despots, Stefan Lazarevic and Djuradj Brankovic.
	www.spc.org.yu /mir/gradovi-eng.html (1144 words)

	CalendarHome.com - September 12 - Calendar Encyclopedia
		1683 - Austro-Ottoman War: Battle of Vienna - Several European armies join forces to defeat the Ottoman Empire.
		1814 - Battle of North Point: An American detachment halts the British land advance to Baltimore in the War of 1812.
		1847 - Mexican-American War: The Battle of Chapultepec begins.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /September_12.htm (1122 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Burgundy the Mighty, an AAR
		The same year as the Dutch war begun our allies Austria was attacked by the Ottomans and their lackeys the Hafsids.
		The war lasted for four years, and facing vast Ottoman armies we were beaten back.
		During this war Burgundy expanded her armies to almost four times its size, and was surely becoming a force to be considered.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=15523 (5882 words)

	World War I: Causes
		Nonetheless, a false optimism regarding peace prevailed almost until the onset of the war, an optimism stimulated by the long period during which major wars had been avoided, by the close dynastic ties and cultural intercourse in Europe, and by the advance of industrialization and economic prosperity.
		World War I was immediately precipitated by the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist in 1914.
		In twenty-eight actions by former World War II slave laborers for Germany and Japan, Ninth Circuit concludes that 1999 California statute providing for cause of action for such claims unconstitutionally interferes with federal government's foreign affairs powers.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0862003.html (553 words)

	CBC News Indepth: Iraq
		Today the country and its people are scarred by more than two decades of war: an eight-year conflict with Iran that cost a million lives, the failed invasion of Kuwait in 1990 and the crushing attack by U.S.-led forces in 2003.
		During the Cold War, the United States needed an Islamic ally strong enough to counterbalance Gamal Abdel Nasser's Egypt, and by 1956 the U.S. began sending technical and military assistance to Iraq.
		With its infrastructure all but destroyed and its leader deposed, Iraq is now the centre of a tug of war between the U.S. coalition and opposition forces.
	www.cbc.ca /news/background/iraq (2810 words)

	ipedia.com: Battle of Vienna Article
		He covered this with a stern warning to Count Teckley, the leader of Hungary (then an Ottoman satellite), whom he threatened with destruction if he tried to take advantage of the situation.
		In the confusion, they made straight for the Ottoman camps, while the Vienna garrison sallied out of its defenses and joined in the assault.
		The Ottomans fought on for another 16 years before giving up, losing vast territories in the process.
	www.ipedia.com /battle_of_vienna.html (581 words)

	History On-Line
		English and Welsh mercenaries in the European wars of religion: France and the Netherlands.
		Cambridge Ph.D. Britain and the Greek-Turkish war and settlement of 1919-23: the pursuit of security by 'proxy' in western Asia Minor.
		Prisoner of war families and the British government during the Second World War.
	www.history.ac.uk /ihr/Resources/Theses/tc03.html (8420 words)

	World War I
		Four empires collapsed: the Russian Empire in 1917, the German and the Austro-Hungarian in 1918, and the Ottoman in 1922.
		Under the peace settlement, Germany was required to pay reparations eventually set at $33 billion; accept responsibility for the war; cede territory to Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, and Poland; give up its overseas colonies; and accept an allied military force on the west bank of the Rhine River for 15 years.
		Examines the impact of the war on the home front, including its impact on labor, dissenters, intellectuals, and African Americans, and assesses Wilson's presidential leadership.
	www.digitalhistory.uh.edu /modules/ww1/index.cfm (554 words)

	ww1map - turn 2
		Although it seems that Italian declaration of war is not related by former Ottoman-Arabian war, it is our oppinion that Italians listened plea for help of their Lybian servants, Italian government, of course, denied any connection between these two
		On October 14th Italy declared war on Ottoman Empire.
		Yesterday, in 2000 hours, our Italian ambassador brought to our wise president Kemal Pasha declaration or war in which they demanded that we forfeit them control over Bosporus and Dardanelle strait and submit to their power.
	www.pbem-portal.com /war/1483/WW1game1/wwTurn02.htm (1299 words)

	Balkan Timeline
		1850 The Ottomans intervene in Bosnia and suppress the revolt
		1390 Queen Milica of Serbia, as the guardian of her son Stefan Lazarevic, agrees to Ottoman vassalage; the Serbian Orthodox Church endorses the new agreement; Stefan’s sister Olivera is married formally to Bayezid; Milica retires as a nun
		1456 Athens conquered by the Ottomans; Ottoman siege of Belgrade, defended by Hunyadi, fails; Hunyadi dies of plague; Djuradj Brankovic dies
	www.geohistory.com /geoworld/1913.htm (4837 words)

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In the News (Mon 28 May 12)