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Topic: Authentication (law)

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	Authentication (law) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Authentication, in the law of evidence, is the process by which documentary evidence and other physical evidence is proven to be genuine, and not a forgery.
		Second, the evidence can be authenticated by the opinion of an expert witness examining the evidence to determine if it has all of the properties that it would be expected to have if it were authentic.
		A special category of evidence called an ancient document will be deemed authentic if it can be shown to be more than twenty years old, and found in a place and condition that a document of that age would likely be found.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Authentication_(law) (238 words)

	Evidence (law) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The bulk of the law of evidence regulates the types of evidence that may be sought from witnesses and the manner in which the interrogation of witnesses is conducted during direct examination and cross-examination of witnesses.
		For example, neither a judge nor a juror is competent to testify in a trial in which they are serving in that capacity; and in jurisdictions with a dead man statute, a person is deemed not competent to testify as to statements of or transactions with a deceased opposing party.
		Because of its importance to the practice of law, all American law schools offer a course in evidence, and most require the subject either as a first year class, or as an upper-level class, or as a prerequisite to later courses.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Evidence_(law) (1206 words)

	5-20-98, Statement of Lisa A. Broderick (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Electronic authentication law must not create legal presumptions as to identity and intent that are adverse to the users of any technology, but should rely on the quality and quantity of evidence actually provided by a given technology on those key evidentiary factors.
		Given the early stage of electronic authentication development, it is desirable to have a variety of legal approaches tested as the states perform their traditional role as laboratories for change.
		Further, even where an authentication law does not specify the utilization of cryptography, it is implicitly called for to the degree that non-repudiation is required or given special status.
	financialservices.house.gov /banking/52098lab.htm (3718 words)

	Background and Issues Concerning Authentication and the ITU
		In this paradigm, the main purpose of authentication technologies is to confirm the identity or other attributes of a certificate holder for a set of specifically defined purposes, and within a defined community of potentially relying parties who are subject to common terms and conditions for the use of the technology.
		In the Bounded Authentication paradigm, the extent to which, and the circumstances under which, a person may rely on a certificate for a particular purpose are defined almost exclusively by a relevant agreement or series of agreements among the parties that use the technology.
		Although national law may permit the telecommunications company to limit its liability for these assertions either by contract or through devices such as CPSs, the provision of authentication services nonetheless exposes the telecommunications company to new forms of risk — a factor that may be of concern to corporate executives and regulators alike.
	www.itu.int /osg/spu/ni/esca/meetingdec9-101999/briefingpaper.html (7119 words)

	"Authentication" Defined & Explained
		The 'Lectric Law Library's Legal Lexicon On AUTHENTICATION - An attestation made by a proper officer, by which he certifies that a record is in due form of law, and that the person who certifies it is the officer appointed by law to do so.
		And congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts,, records and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof.' The object of the authentication is to supply all other proof of the record.
		By authentication is also understood whatever act is done either by the party or some other person with a view of causing an instrument to be known and identified as for example, the acknowledgment of a deed by the grantor; the attesting a deed by witnesses.
	www.lectlaw.com /def/a223.htm (336 words)

	Written Signature Requirements and Electronic Authentication
		US law emphasizes the intent of the parties, rather than the security of the manner by which the signature is affixed, as long as certain minimum requirements (such as the use of a "tangible medium", which includes electronic media) are observed.
		Under German law there are no formal requirements for a contract to be valid, unless explicitly provided for by law, and it is possible for the parties to agree that a signature will have a particular evidentiary value.
		For example, the German Digital Signature Law is based on a high security standard, which is at least partially owing to the high level of security required to satisfy statutory signature requirements in German law and the intention to tie later relaxation of such requirements to the statutory digital signature standard.
	www.kuner.com /data/articles/signature_perspective.html (3850 words)

	UK law will demand better authentication for online banking \| OUT-LAW.COM
		My bank is using single-factor authentication, in effect it is only using one means of checking who I am by asking me to provide details of something that I know (my password).
		US banks are currently working together on a standardised fob for account access, according to Michael Jackson, associate director of technology supervision at the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. UK banks are working together on a card reader for account access, according to APACS, with a standard likely to be agreed by the end of 2005.
		The law will evolve to recognise that and the lawmaker is neither judge nor politician – it's the banks and their security suppliers.
	www.out-law.com /page-6241 (995 words)

	Cybercrime Law - Category (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The idea behind this new method of authentication is that users have problems remembering long passwords while the human brain is much more likely to successfully remember a face or series of faces.
		First, one of the major problems with the new system is that it would require organizations to spend substantial amounts of money to retrofit their authentication systems and to educate their users.
		I believe that while we should seek and adopt alternative ways to authenticate users, especially the ones who use 'password' as their password, but I believe the focus should still be on creating harder to penetrate operating systems, routers, and server applications.
	www.cybercrimelaw.org /category/9/Authentication.html (2013 words)

	Core Criminal Law Subjects: Evidence: Authentication
		Harris, No. 00-0553 (the "silent witness" theory allows authentication of photographs by demonstrating the reliability of the process that created them, without the need of a human witness to the events shown by the film).
		Harris, No. 00-0553 (the "silent witness" theory of authentication allows photographs to substantively speak for themselves after being authenticated by evidence that supports the reliability of the process or system that produced the photographs).
		Harris, No. 00-0553 (the requirement of authentication is satisfied by evidence sufficient to support a finding that the matter in question is what its proponent claims, and authentication may be provided by evidence describing a process or system used to produce a result and showing that the process or system produces an accurate result.
	www.armfor.uscourts.gov /digest/2001dig/IIIC2.htm (165 words)

	Internet Law & Policy Forum: Bringing law, policy, business and technology together
		While almost all the laws give basic legal effect to electronic signatures independent of the technology used, very often the most important legal effects are only recognized when the certificate is issued by a service provider that is accredited or certified in some way, or that meets certain standards.
		Some electronic authentication laws are focused uniquely on electronic signatures (for example, some of those that derive from the EU Electronic Signatures Directive), while others also cover contract formation and related issues.
		In particular, while almost all the laws give basic legal effect to electronic signatures independent of the technology used, very often the most important legal effects are only recognized when the certificate is issued by a service provider that is accredited or certified in some way, or that meets certain standards.
	www.ilpf.org /groups/analysis_IEDSII.htm (6652 words)

	Authentication Law and Legal Definition - USlegalforms.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Authentication is testimony by a proper party that a document is what it is purported to be and that the party attesting to it is qualified to do so.
		Certified by the clerk of Court of the County in which the document is commissioned.
		And congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts,, records and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof.'
	www.uslegalforms.com /legaldefinitions/authentication (258 words)

	3 Approaches in electronic authentication legislation
		Compared to its Italian and Utah counterparts, the German law is, therefore, a strange kind of legislation in that a legal instrument is used to set technical standards and legal consequences are left to be dealt with at a later stage.
		The Model Law offers national legislators a set of internationally recognised rules as to how a number of legal obstacles may be removed and a more secure legal environment for electronic commerce could be achieved.
		The Victorian draft law is one of the most recent initiatives, which falls back on one of the first initiatives, namely the UNCITRAL Model Law, in the field of electronic authentication.
	rechten.uvt.nl /simone/Ds-art4.htm (6265 words)

	Identity, Authentication & Digital Certificates
		However, CDT asked the agency to expand on cases when authentication may not be necessary at all, to better ensure anonymity.
		CDT is reviewing the proposal to determine whether it is consistent with the authentication privacy principles released in May of this year by a working group convened by CDT.
		Government Paperwork Elimination Act, a law that would expand the use of digital signatures and authentication in the Federal Government.
	www.cdt.org /digsig (783 words)

	LawTechTalk - Digital signatures and Authentication law - Baker&McKenzie Cyberspace Law and Policy Centre UNSW
		Yee Fen is a Senior Lecturer in Law at Macquarie University where she teaches Cyberspace Law and Intellectual Property Law to LLB students.
		She holds a double degree in computer science and law and is currently an Associate at Galexia Consulting.
		Yee Fen is a Fellow and Visiting Professor at the Centre for Asia Pacific Technology Law and Policy (CAPTEL), based at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, a multi-disciplinary regional think-tank and research centre focussing on technology law and policy issues.
	www.bakercyberlawcentre.org /2004/talks/LTT_04_lim.htm (335 words)

	Localized Lossless Authentication Watermark (LAW) (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: A novel framework is proposed for lossless authentication watermarking of images which allows authentication and recovery of original images without any distortions.
		This overcomes a significant limitation of traditional authentication watermarks that irreversibly alter image data in the process of watermarking and authenticate the watermarked image rather than the original.
		In particular, authenticity is verified before full reconstruction of the original image, whose integrity is inferred...
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /584889.html (248 words)

	Cybercrime Law - Monthly View (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Not necessarily illegal under current laws, but highly annoying and potentially dangerous practice by online scammers is gaining speed and attention.
		Typosquatters are people who register a domain name which is just a slight variation (usually misspelling) of a famous domain name hoping to attract users inadvertently misspell the name of a large or popular domain name.
		It is a sad fact that state and federal law enforcement agencies often do not have the resources and expertise to conduct these investigations on their own, so they have to rely on ISPs' security teams to identify and track suspects.
	www.cybercrimelaw.org /archive/2005/9/September_2005.html (2662 words)

	Liberty Alliance pushes authentication standard \| OUT-LAW.COM
		The new guidance calls on banks to improve their authentication mechanisms by the end of 2006, though it gave no particular direction on what technology financial institutions might decide to use.
		"The lack of strong authentication in the online space is demonstrably one of the most significant causes of identity theft,” said Michael Barrett, co-chair of the Liberty Alliance Identity Theft Prevention Group, and VP of security strategy at American Express.
		In related news, UK bank Lloyds TSB announced that it gone live with a trial of two-factor authentication using technology from Cryptomathic.
	www.out-law.com /page-6329 (358 words)

	Cargill Law Deploys DigitalPersona's U.are.U Pro Authentication Solution
		The Cargill Law implementation utilizes Microsoft's Active Directory Application Mode (ADAM), which allows customers to leverage Active Directory's security and authentication features at a divisional or departmental level without impacting their global directory infrastructure.
		Cargill Law has deployed ADAM and U.are.U Pro in its legal department to simplify user log-ins while creating a secure, end-to-end authentication system.
		As the only end-to-end biometric authentication system that is fully integrated with Microsoft Active Directory and ADAM, U.are.U Pro allows companies to implement a highly secure enterprise-wide, divisional or departmental fingerprint authentication system within hours or days, rather than months.
	www.digitalpersona.com /news/releases/072203.php (571 words)

	CL&M -- Ronald D. Spencer Joins CL&M
		He will continue his work with numerous art foundations, art authentication boards and committees as well as artists and their estates, art galleries and art scholars.
		Spencer is also legal counsel to numerous foundations established by artists or their estates, and is currently helping two highly regarded contemporary sculptors to establish private foundations to aid sculptors and other visual artists.
		The group offers complete legal services to varied tax-exempt organizations, providing advice that is specific to not-for-profit organizations and advice on the general activities of these organizations with sensitivity to the unique issues and concerns of the not-for-profit sector.
	www.clm.com /news/new-1066565.html (640 words)

	Wisconsin State Law Library - Notaries, Electronic Signatures, Authentication
		Authentications and Apostilles (WI Office of the Secretary of State)
		Information on who is eligible to become a notary public and forms to apply for notary public, attorney notary public and change a name for notary purposes.
		The Law (Additional statutes, regulations and opinions may apply to your specific situation.)
	wsll.state.wi.us /topic/notary.html (116 words)

	MT Law Blog: Authentication in an Internet Banking Environment
		The Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) has issued the attached guidance, “Authentication in an Internet Banking Environment (PDF).” For banks offering Internet-based financial services, the guidance describes enhanced authentication methods that regulators expect banks to use when authenticating the identity of customers using the on-line products and services.
		The FFIEC agencies consider single-factor authentication, when used as the only control mechanism, to be inadequate for high-risk transactions involving access to customer information or the movement of funds to other parties.
		Risk assessments should provide the basis for determining an effective authentication strategy according to the risks associated with the various products and services available to on-line customers.
	www.mt-law.com /blog/2005/10/authentication-in-internet-banking.html (306 words)

	authentication - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Authentication : eyefortransport e-commerce transportation glossary [home, info]
		Phrases that include authentication: authentication header, two-factor authentication, keyed-hashing message authentication, simple authentication and security layer, andy warhol art authentication board, more...
		Words similar to authentication: assay-mark, authenticate, certification, hallmark, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=authentication (265 words)

	Strong Authentication for Law Firms — WiKID Strong Authentication (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Law firms are under increasing pressure to maintain the same security levels as their clients.
		In today's environment, law firms compete for clients and for recruits.
		To provide appropriate access while maintaining security across international boundaries and doing so in a cost effective way is a challenge.
	www.wikidsystems.com /industry/legal_two_factor_auth (206 words)

	Internet Law & Policy Forum: Bringing law, policy, business and technology together
		ILPF Statement on the Preliminary Draft Convention on Jurisdiction and Foreign Judgments In Civil and Commercial Matters of the Hague Conference on Private International Law (Ottawa II).
		Translation of the draft communication on the law of non-contractual obligations - Rome Treaty II (English version)
		ILPF Preliminary Statement on the Preliminary Draft Convention on Jurisdiction and Foreign Judgments In Civil and Commercial Matters of the Hague Conference on Private International Law
	www.ilpf.org /groups (311 words)

	Anti-terrorism law covers encryption (and authentication) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This item from Dr. Edward Felten's weblog discusses a proposed US law that would criminalize the use of "encryption" (defined to include all cryptography, including authentication techniques that don't actually conceal anything) to commit crimes.
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	ansuz.sooke.bc.ca /lebwog/2003021202.php (85 words)

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