Author's intention

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Topic: Author's intention

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	CHAPTER II
		Since language is too flexible to refer to the determinate intention of the historical author, and the accomplishment of the historical author is reflected in the language of the text, the ac-complishment is too ambiguous to refer to the determinate historical intention or wish of the author.
		In other words, moving from authorial intention to textual meaning is in fact irrelevant to the nature of their identity because it presupposes either an intentionless language or the priority of language to intention.
		It seems that this distinction between intention and the accomplishment of it is related to the gap between language (universal) and the particularity of the author’s intention as indicated above.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series02/IIA-5/chapter_ii.htm

	Global Journal of Classical Theology Poggemiller's Paper
		With this definitive understanding of the authorial intention theory of meaning as presented by Hirsch, it would seem that such a view of meaning would be basic to the task of communication.
		The view that Hirsch's authorial intention theory of meaning is rooted in the epistemic theory of foundationalism is never explicitly stated in his work.
		[29] However, as already shown, the intention of the author is revealed in the text itself and not in outside information concerning the author, his mental states, plans, etc. The text is what is to be interpreted and it is also the text that the reader finds the author's intentions clearly delineated.
	www.trinitysem.edu /journal/poggemillerpap.html

	Textual Theory Projects Page: Intention: Mailloux
		Even an author's stated intentions can be wrested out of his or her control by a discerning editor on the basis of … authorial intention relative to speech–act theory.
		He begins by noting that despite the work of New Critics, in which authorial intention was declared an interpretive fallacy (fallacy of intention), the concept of an author's final intention was central to American textual studies, not to mention the standard accepted by the Center for Editions of American Authors, for the previous 30 years.
		Mailloux goes on to define "operative intention" as characterizing "the actions that the author, as he writes the text, understands himself to be performing in the text and the immediate effects he understands these actions will achieve in his projected reader" (99).
	depts.washington.edu /texts/txttheoproj/mailloux.shtml

	A Publishing History of Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Ann Jacobs
		Authorial intention is frequently defined as the author's "original" or "final" intention for the text, or, in other words, how the author wanted the text to be read.
		This paper is a brief examination of the text's transmission, with emphasis on the concept of authorial intention and the role of the text's transcribers and its editor, Lydia Maria Child.
		Scholarly editors working from a sociological orientation toward intention also refer to the "'the text the author wanted the public to have,' but when they say these words, they mean that authors enter into working agreements with publishers and editors" (21).
	www.drizzle.com /~tmercer/Jacobs/history.shtml

	Textual Theory Projects Page: Intention: Tanselle
		Tanselle uses Greg's "Rationale" as a foundation from which he builds a methodology for determining "final authorial intention." Tanselle's purpose is the establishment of clear editorial criteria to be used in the decision-making processes that first determine what the author's intention in a work might be and then to determine final intention.
		He specifically adopts Hancher's definition of "active intention" as his working definition of authorial intention: "[t]he author's intention to be (understood as) acting in some way or other" (174).
		Following Hancher, Tanselle believes that "[a]ctive intentions characterize the actions that the author, at the time he finishes his text, understands himself to be performing in that text" (Hancher as quoted by Tanselle, 175).
	depts.washington.edu /texts/txttheoproj/tanselle.shtml

	The Valve - A Literary Organ Near Theory (My creation, is it real?)
		Authorial intention may be a simple rule to the meaning game, but it’s still seems to me to be the only game in town.
		Here are sentences; the meaning of the sentences is completely determinate without any need to consult authorial intention.
		But the first five pages contain the thesis, relevant definitions, and full statement of the argument to the conclusion that, necessarily, meaning just IS authorial intention; that "The meaning of a text is simply identical to the author’s intended meaning" (p.
	www.thevalve.org /go/valve/article/near_theory_my_creation_is_it_real

	SHAKSPER 2002: Re: Authorial Intention
		Authorial intention is a problem, one we have to deal with.
		Recovery of the authorial intention is one thing; acknowledgment of the author’s involvement is another.
		[5]------------------------------------------------------------- From: Takashi Kozuka Date: Sunday, 6 Oct 2002 13:13:54 +0100 (BST) Subject: Re: Authorial Intentions As we are in fact receiving too many posts (some of which are posted by the same person and consist of just one sentence or two), I’ll make mine as concise as possible.
	www.shaksper.net /archives/2002/2024.html

	CONCLUSION
		Hence, while treating textual meaning and authorial intention as different entities to be identified, Hirsch stops in the discussion of the identity of the latter by taking that of the former for granted.
		He clearly argues that the interpreter should aim at understanding the author’s intention in the case of the failure of appreciating the truth of the written text.
		Even though Beardsley and Wimsatt accept the semantic autonomy and thus reject the identification of meaning with authorial intention, they fail to see the fact that the interpretive context is a constitutive element of textual meaning.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series02/IIA-5/conclusion.htm

	Textual Theory Projects Page: Intention: McLaverty
		By interpreting Husserl's understanding of intentionality as "mental awareness" (123), he arrives at the formulation that the editor is bound to the reading the author "was aware of; if we had been able to stop him and ask him what he had written." (127).
		The danger in editing on the basis of something other than active intentions, say programmatic intent or final intentions, is that editor would be attempting to fulfill intentions that were beyond the control of the author.
		And intentions express the nature of those actions while motives express only the spirit of the man that may or may not be realized in a particular work.
	depts.washington.edu /texts/txttheoproj/mclaverty.shtml

	Denis Dutton on intentionalism in literary theory
		Authorial intentions are not desirable as a “standard” or “criterion” for assessing a literary text because the text itself will always speak with greater authority than any suppositions or speculations about the author’s purposes.
		But the assertion that authorial intention is not a stable, identifiable mental state that can be appealed to in interpretation suggests another line of argument different from this epistemic consideration of the uncertainties about intentions.
		That authors have intentions, and that those intentions are found embodied in texts, is something he does not seriously question.
	www.denisdutton.com /intentionalism.htm

	JOSE ANGEL GARCIA LANDA: Authorial intention in literary hermeneutics: On Two American Theories
		Authorial intention is a central concept in the classical theory of hermeneutics developed in the Romantic age.
		Intention is not merely something which precedes the work or exists apart from it; neither is intentionalism a blind submission to any meaning an author may claim for his work.
		This is not the main sense in which I hold authorial intention to be decisive to the critical enterprise.
	www.unizar.es /departamentos/filologia_inglesa/garciala/publicaciones/intention.html

	Interpreting Prophecy: The Canonical Principle - TheologyWeb Campus - Curriculum
		Authorial intention is thus something of an ideal (and perhaps a very elusive ideal).
		Before we examine NT teaching on this subject, however, we need to confront the question of authorial intention.
		The thoroughgoing historico-critical exegete believes the evangelical practitioner of historical-grammatical exegesis is quite inconsistent; authorial intent is restricted to the human author and thus intends only to address those who are his intended, primary audience/readers and their context of understanding.
	www.theologyweb.com /article/CanPrinciple

	CSC Conferences & Symposia
		The differences, then, between intention of the author and intention of the text for the conception of what constitutes a text and how it should be interpreted are not very significant.
		This task in some sense not only demands a privileging of intention but also that the reader become the author of the text on which he works.
		[21] While this is essentially a deconstructive project that refuses to assume either the primacy of authorial intention or the coherence of the text, it does not, as Barbara Johnson keeps arguing, signal wanton self-indulgence.
	cohesion.rice.edu /humanities/csc/conferences.cfm?doc_id=367

	knapp
		This assumption is shared by theorists who, denying the possibility of recovering authorial intentions, also deny the possibility of valid interpretations.
		Theory attempts to solve--or to celebrate the impossibilitv of solving--a set of familiar problems: the function of authorial intention, the status of literary language, the role of interpretive assumptlons, and so on.
		Some theorists have claimed that valid interpretations can only be obtained through an appeal to authorial intentions.
	www.uchicago.edu /research/jnl-crit-inq/issues/v8/v8n4.knapp.html

	WWP Transcription and Editorial Principles
		Our choice of copytext indirectly relies on authorial intention, to some degree, in that we would usually choose to encode an edition in which the author had had direct input before one in which the author's text was substantially altered.
		We remain agnostic about authorial intention; we do not consult authorial intention insofar as we do not emend the text or indicate variant readings.
		In cases where a later edition is of equal or greater scholarly importance (because of authorial revision, censorship, etc.), we also aim to encode the later edition, although we may not be able to do so immediately.
	www.wwp.brown.edu /texts/help/ed_principles.html

	Divine Meaning and Authorial Intention
		It is my opinion an appreciation of the authorial intention both in the meaning and its significance is sufficient to deal with the challenges of how the New uses the Old.
		Walter Kaiser has been as vociferous as any scholar in his defence of meaning as a function of authorial intention.
		“we must draw that crucial distinction between ‘meaning’ and significance’: ‘meaning’ is that which is represented by a text, its grammar, and the author’s truth intentions as indicated by his use of words, while ‘significance’ merely denotes a relationship between (note well, it must be linked) the meaning and another person, time, situation or idea.
	www.pressiechurch.org /Theol_2/divine_meaning_and_authorial_int.htm

	The New York Review of Books: HIDE AND SEEK
		It is far better to understand the critical act as one which consciously acknowledges our inability to ever reach the "origin" of meaning or intention, rather than to see it, impossibly and even undesirably, as a quest for some single, historically verifiable authorial intention.
		There are many points on which one could attack Hirsch, not the least of which is his insistence that anyone can know what an author's intention is in writing a work; here, I will direct my comments to one of Hirsch's criticisms which typifies the inherent problems of his position.
		Who invests them with such authority that their "agreements [as] to the persuasiveness of the evidence" about the author's intention is seen as empirically sound and verifiable?
	www.nybooks.com /articles/7607

	Johann Gottfried von Herder
		For Herder, genres are in large measure socially pregiven, but they always play their role in a work via authorial intention (not autonomously thereof), and are not something the individual artist is inexorably locked into but something he can and often does modify.
		(c) Skinner implies that one can determine linguistic meanings prior to establishing authorial intentions.
		the parables of the New Testament -- where there is clear textual evidence of a biblical author's intention to convey an allegorical meaning).
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/herder

	2001 Pacific Division Meeting Program: Abstracts of Invited and Symposium Papers
		Having worked out the arguments against intentionalism, I then show why Gadamer still considers the author’s intention relevant and helpful to grasping textual meaning.
		The primary goal of this paper is to isolate and identify the arguments against intentionalism that are present (though not systematically so) in Gadamer’s work.
		In the end, Gadamer turns out to be not an extreme, but a moderate anti-intentionalist and a consistent one at that.
	www.apa.udel.edu /apa/divisions/pacific/2001meeting/abInvited.html

	Summit Ministries: Resources: Essays
		But if authorial intention is a fallacy, if meaning is the reader's prerogative, then graded instruction of any kind is an injustice because it credits the student with the instructor's insight and holds the student responsible for the instructor's mistaken meanings.
		If authorial intention is not the measure of meaning, then teachers can no longer count students wrong when the teachers themselves are responsible for what the student's test answers or research papers actually mean.
		The professor cannot escape this difficulty by saying that authorial intention applies to syllabi but not to epic poems or to elegies because syllabi are prose and epics and elegies are not.
	www.summit.org /resource/essay/show_essay.php?essay_id=48

	20th WCP: On Reading Valedictory Texts: Suicide Notes, Last Wills and Testaments
		When one reads a literary text in order to discover the authorial intention, one has tacitly adopted the view that literary texts are, like valedictory texts, an expression of the authors dying wishes.
		Without disavowing authorial intention, readers discover multiple readings at their great spiritual peril.
		Such texts are particularly sensitive to the problem of limited information, the potential for miscommunication, the inscrutability of authorial intention, and the real consequences to others of the author's irrevocable absence.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Cont/ContBene.htm

	Schiffman: Temple Scroll and Halakhic Pseudepigrapha
		Yadin goes further with the observation that the intention of the author was to present the law as handed down directly by God without the intermediacy of Moses.
		Yadin argued against this claim by saying that this author thought he was presenting the true law, and that there was no reason to assume that his activity was any more bold in his literary stance than that of the original editors of the Pentateuch.
		If the scroll was the product of one author, then it would have been possible to say that even the slightest oblique reference to Moses shows that he is meant to be everywhere present in the second person pronouns.
	orion.mscc.huji.ac.il /symposiums/2nd/papers/Schiffman97.html

	[New-Poetry] MB / BG
		If that is indeed the test, as you say it is, then your claim that you're evaluating "verbal expressions" without regard to authorial intention, while acknowledging that authorial intention will "contribute to" those concerns is not mere nonsense, it's nonsense in a clown suit.
		> > The intentional claim of the author is contextual -- > > and thus almost endlessly interpretable.
		> Intention has nothing to do with (d).< Well the people who are trying to convey nothing meaningful make the claim that it is their intention to convey nothing meaningful, as I understand it.
	ebbs.english.vt.edu /pipermail/new-poetry/2003-October/014492.html

	WALTER BENN MICHAELS
		The central thrust of his position was not completely to deny the relevance of authorial intention but rather to limit what would be allowed to count as evidence of that intention to the work itself.
		And the debate which followed this assertion has usually (and quite naturally) taken the form of arguments for or against the proposition that knowledge of the author's intention is relevant to the determination of what his poem or novel means.
		The major thrust of "The Intentional Fallacy" was, as we have seen, to establish the priority of the text, insisting simultaneously on the intrinsic and objective character of meaning.
	www.tau.ac.il /humanities/publications/poetics/art/aga3.html

	Amazon.com: Books: The Shape of the Signifier : 1967 to the End of History
		Worse still, as long as Michaels goes beyond authorial intention in his critical reading, his reading is no longer a reading, in his strict sense of this word, but only an experience based on his own subject position, the very thing Michaels spent a whole book trying to discredit.
		Michaels's dilemma suggests that while the dismissal of authorial intention historically led to the rise of identitarian politics, this need not mean that authorial intention is the only thing that can bring back disagreement that transcends the difference in identity.
		While I agree with Michaels's convincing descriptions about the "consequences" of theory's dismissal of authorial intention, it is difficult to follow his agenda that we should fall back on authorial intention, as if the problematization of the categories of "author," "intention," "meaning" has never occurred in the last three or four decades.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0691118728?v=glance

	Textual Criticism and Non-Fictional Prose: The Case of Matthew Arnold
		Authorial intention and textual authority become in this view secondary to matters of dissemination and readership.
		In 1983 Jerome McGann declared that 'textual criticism is in the process of reconceiving its discipline' and cited revisionist views of copy-text, authorial intention, and textual authority to support his claims.
		In addition, he noted that an author's intentions towards his manuscript may differ from his intentions towards his published text.
	www.utpjournals.com /product/utq/582/582_nadel.html

	Literary Criticism and Authorial Intent
		Even among "classical" critics (if we may use that word) there was quite a common position that held that the text in itself is the thing, and that the intention of the author does not determine the meaning of the text.
		Indeed, if anybody wants to take a doctrine of inspiration seriously then authorial intention must be viewed suspiciously--remember, for example, what Caiaphas said unknowing in John 11:49-50.
		The entire school of deconstructive criticism denies the relevance of authorial intention.
	www.ibiblio.org /bgreek/archives/greek-1/msg00131.html

	Text Analysis with Compare
		Of course, defining allusion without reference to authorial intention is nearly as problematic as defining it with reference to authorial intention, but as it is impossible for a computer ever to have access to authorial intention, the question is merely theoretical.
		If intention is inscrutable to human readers, it must be even more so to a computer; and this forces us to fall back on a notion of similarity without regard to the author.
		A working definition of "allusion," then, that makes no appeal to authorial intention, might begin with the idea of "shared information," although this begs the question: what is "information"?
	www.english.upenn.edu /~jlynch/Computing/compare.html

	SHAKSPER 2002: Re: Authorial Intention
		Cheers, JVK [5]------------------------------------------------------------- From: Martin Steward Date: Saturday, 26 Jan 2002 13:40:07 -0000 Subject: 13.0182 Authorial Intention Comment: Re: SHK 13.0182 Authorial Intention Laura Blankenship confessed to us all that she "got into a huge discussion" with her husband "about how much one should take into account the director's/screenwriter's comments on the film".
		Said author may explain intentions but, as any reader knows, there's many a slip 'twix cup and lip, or between intention and reception.
		When it comes to critical approaches which specifically counter the "intentional fallacy", the classic is an essay by the "New Critics" W. Wimsatt and M. Beardsley published in "The Verbal Icon" (1954).
	www.shaksper.net /archives/2002/0199.html

	Interview with Jay Russell, Director of Tuck Everlasting and My Dog Skip
		I would argue that it's not pagan or naturalistic at all, and that was never the intention of Natalie Babbitt the author.
		In one sentence he states the theme which is "Do not fear death; fear the unlived life." In fact that's a tough scene for an actor to play because you're asking the actor to state the theme of the movie and I believe that's hard to pull off in a believable and conversational way.
		Williams: The gravesite burial scene at the end of the movie is very Christian.
	www.catholicexchange.com /vm/index.asp?vm_id=2&art_id=15824

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In the News (Tue 2 Dec 08)