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Topic: Author surrogate

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	Author surrogate: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		Frequently, the author surrogate is the same as the main character[?] and/or the protagonist.
		As an example, the author surrogate may be the one who delivers political diatribe, expressing the author's beliefs at an appropriate time, or expound on the strengths and weakness of other characters, thereby communicating directly the author's opinion on the characters in question.
		Most stories have an author surrogate, in that the author is usually capable of pointing to one character (major or minor) whom he or she identifies with to a much greater degree than any other character.
	www.encyclopedian.com /au/Author-surrogate.html (288 words)

	Author surrogate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Frequently, the author surrogate is the same as the main character and/or the protagonist, and is also often the narrator.
		Most stories have an author surrogate, insofar as the author is usually capable of pointing to one character (major or minor) whom he or she identifies with to a much greater degree than any other character.
		Author surrogacy is a frequently observed phenomenon in hobbyist and amateur writing, so much that fan fiction critics have evolved the term Mary Sue to refer to an idealized author surrogate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Author_surrogate (440 words)

	Literary technique
		Author surrogate, a character who acts as the author's spokesman.
		Autobiographical novel, tales of the author's life as seen by the author in fictional form; sometimes significant changes are made.
		Authors also manipulate the language of their works to create a desired response from the reader.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/li/Literary_technique.html (489 words)

	OPTS
		Indeed, the bill irrationally would have made it procedurally more difficult to terminate the parental rights of the surrogate mother and her husband and assign parental rights to the intended parents than in a conventional adoption where neither adopting parent is biologically related to the child.
		Accordingly, even where the surrogate mother is married, it is possible for the originally issued birth certificate to identify the biological and intended father as the father.
		Consent from the surrogate mother's husband will not be required, however, if he has received notice of the hearing and the court is satisfied, based upon the evidence presented, that he is not the natural father of the child.
	www.opts.com /penn.htm (1441 words)

	Surrogate Motherhood
		It provides the modern view of treating the surrogate mother as the "real mother" during the pregnancy based on the relationship that develops between the surrogate mother and the child during pregnancy which is the same as any woman carrying a child.
		The author asserts that surrogate mothers should not be merely "fetal containers" and that rearing parents assume some risk that she may exercise her rights in conflict with their interests.
		She asserts that this failure is due to the assumption that all surrogates are entitled to parental rights, and concludes in Part II-A that the genetic mother, and not the gestator, should be the legal mother of the child.
	academic.udayton.edu /health/05bioethics/98qurais.htm (6174 words)

	Surrogate Parenting Overview
		The surrogate mom is not being compensated for selling a full-term child, but for taking the risks associated with a pregnancy, for putting her life on hold for almost a year while she undergoes various medical tests and procedures, and submitting to psychological testing and extensive background checks.
		The surrogate mother also needs the support of her close friends and family to be able to adjust to all the changes in her life, before, during and after the pregnancy.
		It is important that both the couple and the surrogate mother do their homework in choosing the kind of program to go with, if at all, and for them to look deep within their hearts and judge whether or not they have what it takes to go ahead.
	www.surrogacy.com /agencies/articles/holmes (1810 words)

	Halpern-Amaru: Naming of Levi
		The author does this by creating a family story that intersects wi th, but is independent of, the deception that empowers the third generation of the patriarchal line.
		The author deliberately constructs the narrative of the births of the children such that the two women experi ence common situations and common emotions.
		The author of Jubilees reworks those narratives such that each matriarch is aware of the covenantal promises an d of the place of her son within them.
	orion.mscc.huji.ac.il /symposiums/2nd/papers/Halpern-Amaru97.html (3614 words)

	Audience surrogate
		In the study of literature, an audience surrogate is a character who expresses the questions and confusion of the reader.
		In detective fiction, the audience surrogate is usually a minor character that asks a central character how he or she accomplished certain deeds, for the purpose of inciting that character to explain (for the curious audience) his or her methods.
		In superhero comics, the audience surrogate is often the sidekick of the hero.
	www.kiwipedia.com /audience-surrogate.html (228 words)

	A Glossary of Terms Useful in Critiquing Science Fiction
		When an author encourages the reader to invest attention in a developing emotional or suspenseful situation ('bait'), only to substitute ('switch') a high-action payoff which has nothing to do with the previous development, or a POV cut so that the expected climax is unresolved but instead left to the reader's imagination.
		An author will often use mystery as a means of propelling a reader forward: characters speak of things that are opaque to the reader, a character goes offstage to do something important, or a development is referred to indirectly ("I was just heading out the door when the phone rang, with terrible news").
		Authors who intend such devices as throwaways introduce them into their stories at great peril, because eventually the author must either abruptly chop off exploration of the gadget (frustrating the reader) or make it the focus of the entire story (frustrating the author).
	www.sfwa.org /writing/glossary.html (8194 words)

	TASC: THE LEGAL STATUS OF SURROGACY IN GEORGIA
		The only instance in which the author has been able to denote any anticipation that an infertile couple would have an interest in a child to be born in which one of the married couple did not have a genetic tie, lies in the area of traditional artificial insemination.
		The author has represented numerous couples in drafting of gestational surrogacy contracts, artificial insemination contracts, and egg donation contracts, and in conducting of judicial hearings which result in declaration of paternity, maternity, parental rights, authorization to consent to medical treatment, and the appropriate issuance of birth certificates.
		A contract for gestational surrogacy shall not be binding and enforceable unless the gestational surrogate is 18 years of age or older and the commissioning couple are legally married and are both 18 years of age or older.
	www.surrogacy.com /legals/article/gaoverv.html (5054 words)

	Term Papers 2000, Term papers, 061207
		In conclusion the author states his opinion that the existing laws and public policies regarding surrogacy and surrogate arrangements were created and established primarily for the purpose of justifying the end and existence of surrogate motherhood.
		In conclusion, the author communicates that when faced with issues that are so controversial, it is difficult for the human community not to let emotions of anger and rage overtake but it is important not to condemn the sinner and condone the sin.
		The author stresses that by the time a child reaches school age, which in the U.S. is as young as four years old for pre-kindergarten classes, children should have a beginning understanding of basic morals.
	www.termpapers2000.com /lib/essay/85.html (3721 words)

	Aphorisms for Writing Science Fiction
		Unless the author is using the omniscient narrator who sits outside events (rare), in which case the narrator becomes a character, the POV will usually be vested in one character per scene.
		An author is always trying to create in his reader images so strong that the reader is mentally transported.
		Much fiction suffers from tactile deficiency because its author is concentrating so hard on moving characters around that he forgets to stage their environment.
	www.sfwa.org /writing/aphorisms.html (2004 words)

	Author (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		In biology, the author of the scientific name of a taxon is the person or team who first makes the name available by publication and description.
		In Sprite Comics, the term "Author" is used to refer to an omnipotent character who bears the semblance of the actual author of the comic or their screename (a breach of the Fourth Wall).
		The Author Character is related to the Author surrogate.
	www.bblo.net /Author.html (412 words)

	MyJewishLearning.com - Ideas & Belief: Surrogate Mothers
		Surrogate mothers, the studies found, are not generally fl and poor; on the contrary,
		Her husband was supportive of her decision to serve as a surrogate.
		The concern that surrogate mothers might be virtual slaves has largely been allayed by developments in American civil law.
	www.myjewishlearning.com /ideas_belief/bioethics/Bioethics_Fertility_TO/Bioethics_Surrogacy.htm (967 words)

	Jungian Novel Writing - Narration
		The author should keep this in mind throughout the planning of the novel because the limitations placed on the narrator, depending on the narrative technique, determine much of the novel’s structure.
		And the answer is that the author is the craftsman and practices his trade as a wordsmith.
		But the author is also the first reader of the work, and as a craftsman the author tries to read the work-in-progress as a reader, so that he might gain some perspective on it.
	greek-myth.com /Novel_Writing/narration.htm (5008 words)

	Reclaiming Literature — www.greenwood.com
		In Reclaiming Literarure Glasser presents a well-documented analysis of the role of the author in shaping the action of a novel....this is a valuable book for English teachers.
		By using Glasser's ideas, students will be better able to grasp an author's awareness in a novel while still being fascinated with the events of the book.
		Theorists have moved away from the primary text to dwell upon and give value to each reader's response to that text, however variant or contradictory it might be.
	www.greenwood.com /catalog/C4959.aspx (303 words)

	Stacy's Surrogate Journeys
		A Gestational Surrogate is a woman that carries a baby for another woman who can not carry herself.
		The surrogate goes through an IVF cycle where an embryo(s) is transferred into her uterus and hopefully that results in a pregnancy.
		It gives a chance to have a biological connection to your child or just the piece of mind that the surrogate is not related to the child.
	www.surromommy.com (410 words)

	get out of MY FANDOM, you MARY SUE YOU!! [][][] A Mary Sue Hatelisting
		Authors of such characters (of either sex) are sometimes referred to as Suethors.
		It's also an extreme form of narcissm; the implication is that the author looks at himself / herself as on a par, or even greater than the canon characters (existing characters of a series / genre) being written about, and assumes that everyone regards him / her in the same way.
		Some authors do get away with writing Mary Sues that are audience-friendly, and therefore do not spark an immediate dislike for the Mary Sue in question.
	hate.artificial-soul.net /marysue/about.php (670 words)

	The Criterion Collection: 39 Steps, The (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Death and exposure to being viewed are among the consequences, or risks, that human beings (characters, actors) face in his universe.
		Other important surrogate author figures in Hitchcock’s work include Vandamm and the Professor in North by Northwest, the enigmatic Gavin Elster in Vertigo, Brandon in Rope, Prescott in Notorious and, in the same film, Mrs.
		But it is also true that, in most cases, these surrogate authors also lack his humanism and faith in love.
	www.criterionco.com /asp/release.asp?id=56&eid=82§ion=essay (539 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		This information seems irrelevant to the reading of the work, but it is one clear example of how much the author and his or her life has acquired heavy significance over the past century.
		It is becoming increasingly hard for authors to meet the conditions and requirements in order to produce a literary text—now more than ever—due to the heavy collaboration required.
		The problem is that curators are often confused about the complexity of the New Media author: “Since the creative space is shared with scientists and other technologists, curators are challenged this time by the necessity to understand the new media authoring process and not apply individual creation assumptions” (Mcyclopedia).
	www.uweb.ucsb.edu /~michelle_barbeau/page2.htm (2467 words)

	Mary Sue - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Authors of such characters (of either sex) are sometimes referred to as Suethors, a portmanteau of Sue and author.
		Later, the concept was expanded to include almost any author surrogate character or highly idealized character that plays a major role in the plot, especially those who upstage the canon characters and occupy the spotlight.
		Though some author surrogates have been thought to "work" in fiction, self-inserts, as a rule, are frequently seen as the most blatant form of Mary Sue-ness, most particularly in fan fiction, where self-inserts are generally heavily idealized.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Mary_Sue (3140 words)

	Author surrogate biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		This can take the form of a realistic depiction of the author (Benjamin in Animal Farm), or a negative (Woody Allen) or positive depiction of the author.
		Other notable author surrogates include Geoffrey Chaucer in The Canterbury Tales, Dante Alighieri in The Divine Comedy, Paul Auster in the New York Trilogy, Isaac Asimov in Murder at the ABA, Martin Amis in Money, Jorge Luis Borges in The Book of Sand and Charlie Kaufman in the film Adaptation.
		In fan fiction, an idealised author surrogate is known as a Mary Sue.
	www.biography.ms /Author_surrogate.html (257 words)

	Amazon.com: Between Strangers: Surrogate Mothers, Expectant Fathers, and Brave New Babies: Books: Lori Andrews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The author discusses the many complex legal and ethical aspects of the procedure as viewed by physicians, legislators, clergy and sharply divided feminists, and the role of surrogate arrangers, clinics and special interest lawyers.
		She also cites examples of the delicate but often close relationship that develops between the surrogates and the couples involved, and cases, such as the sensational "Baby M" trial, in which the mother refuses to give up the child.
		If you are a publisher or author and hold the digital rights to a book, you can make it available as an eBook on Amazon.com.
	www.amazon.com /Between-Strangers-Surrogate-Mothers-Expectant/dp/0060160586 (779 words)

	Cloned
		Before the banning of human cloning in the States, unbeknown to three surrogate mothers, they were implanted with cloned embryos by devious doctors.
		She is the author of, “Sweet Essence of Murder.”
		The only problem he could foresee was in finding another surrogate mother.
	www.authorhouse.com /BookStore/ItemDetail~bookid~19253.aspx (827 words)

	MATLAB Central File Exchange - Surrogate Data
		This is a fairly specialised bunch of MATLAB code, with the sole intention of helping out people who really want to apply surrogate data testing in their projects.
		It is not a tutorial on what surrogate data is, or how they should be used.
		Under no circumstances will The MathWorks be liable in any way for any content not authored by The MathWorks, or any loss or damage of any kind incurred as a result of the use of any content posted, e-mailed, transmitted or otherwise made available via MATLAB Central.
	mathworks.com /matlabcentral/fileexchange/loadFile.do?objectId=4612&... (339 words)

	The Escort III-Son of an Escort
		Son of an Escort." Theresa E. Liggins presents this alluring follow-up to her heart-felt dramas by continuing the trials of Sebastién Marcelis, as he attempts to live up to his devoted lover’s wishes—to raise their son nobly.
		He could see that more pages were written about their uninhibited escapades, but he only thumbed through them, feeling a little embarrassed about what he was reading, until he found one entry that caught his attention.
		The Escort II - Princess and the Surrogate
	www.authorhouse.com /BookStore/ItemDetail.aspx?bookid=36440 (1814 words)

	Aphorisms for Writing Science Fiction
		The POV character could be someone who (i) faces crucial choices which cannot be staged externally, (ii) observes best, (iii) is the author surrogate, or (iv) is the reader surrogate.
		No fiction appeals to every reader, so the wise author makes sure that the story's opening fairly reflects its overall style — that is, what the author signals in the first sentence, paragraph, page or chapter, effectively presages that more of the same will be forthcoming.
		As the author, you want to do this because you do not want to entrap readers with a bait-and-switch approach; if they do not like the way you presented the early material, you should have no expectation of continuing to hold them or please them later on.
	www.davidalexandersmith.com /writing/aphorsci.html (2385 words)

	AMERICAS SOCIETY
		Size may explain why the author encases his tales in an editorial apparatus, but it does nothing to elucidate his reasons for making the English translation so different from the Spanish.
		An adulterous couple is having lunch during a rainstorm, in exactly the same way Silvestre Isla, the author’s surrogate, and Arsenio Cué in Three Trapped Tigers have a conversation in a restaurant during a rainstorm at the moment their friendship is about to disintegrate.
		It is as if the author were turning an emotionally charged event from real life (his own perhaps) into fiction and allowing us to witness the process, as if we were on a movie set watching a scene unfold, engrossed in the drama yet aware that it is being filmed.
	www.americas-society.org /as/literature/br67infante.html (1643 words)

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