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Topic: Authorship of the Johannine works

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	Testing for Johannine Authorship by Examining Use of Conjunctions
		Hence this occurrence of asyndeton is not at all against Johannine authorship.
		The use of kai is in conformity to the Johannine pattern (§12(1)).
		The Johannine epistles, 1–2-3 John, are instances of expository discourse.
	www.frame-poythress.org /poythress_articles/1984Testing.htm (5346 words)

	Authorship of The Johannine Works Encyclopedia Article @ Hopelessly.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Today the texts continue to be approached separately; viewpoints on the issue of authorship in each of the Johannine works range from affirming the authorship of the Apostle, to affirming the authorship of another author, called "John" for convenience, to theories of group authorship.
		Thus H. Holtzmann hypothesized a dependence of the work on Philo Judaeus; Albert Schweitzer considered the work to be a Hellenized version of Pauline mysticism, while R. Reitzenstein sought the work's origin in Egyptian and Persian mystery religions.
		Both works have a very Semitic flavor to the Greek -- many sentences begin with "all" or with "and", use of "literary inclusion" (the repetition of a phrase to indicate that the material between the inclusions belongs together), minimal use of the Greek illative particles.
	www.hopelessly.net /encyclopedia/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works (4403 words)

	Authorship of The Pauline Epistles Encyclopedia Article @ Hopelessly.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		For example, that the Epistle to the Hebrews is anonymous became a cause for debate concerning Pauline authorship as early as the writings of Origen in the 3rd Century.
		However, since the style is so different, the authorship was distinctly disputed even in ancient times; early church authorities even went so far as to acknowledge the distinct appearance of a different author.
		This variance led many to name other candidates for authorship, such as the fellow traveller of Paul called Barnabas (favoured by Tertullian), a follower of John the Baptist called Apollos (favoured by Martin Luther and several modern scholars), as well as less likely candidates such as Silas.
	www.hopelessly.net /encyclopedia/Authorship_of_the_Pauline_epistles (3993 words)

	John, Gospel of - International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
		As to the time of the appearance of the Johannine literature, apart from the question as to the authorship of these writings, there is now a growing consensus of opinion that it arose at the end of the 1st century, or at the beginning of the 2nd century.
		For there is evidence of the belief in the apostolic authorship of two Gospels by apostles, and of two by companions of the apostles, as an existing fact in the churches long before the end of the 2nd century.
		The scenes depicted, the works done, the words spoken, and the reflections made by the writer, are all directed toward the aim of enabling the readers to believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God.
	www.studylight.org /enc/isb/view.cgi?number=T5098 (8288 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Biblical Criticism (Higher)
		The Apostolic authorship and historicity of the Fourth Gospel have been vindicated by such critical scholars as Sanday, Stanton, and Drummond in England, and Zahn and B. Weiss in Germany.
		Orthodox Catholic exegetes, while always holding to the Catholic tradition of the Johannine authorship and historical quality of the Fourth Gospel, admit that St. John's theology indicates reflection and a development over and beyond that of the Synoptists.
		In "Le Quatrième Evangile" (1903) Loisy rejects the Johannine authorship and the historicity of the Fourth Gospel, both of which were affirmed by the Biblical Commission (29 May, 1907).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04491c.htm (6025 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Gospel of Saint John
		Among this indirect evidence the most prominent place must be assigned to the numerous citations of texts from the Gospel which demonstrate its existence and the recognition of its claim to form a portion of the canonical writings of the New Testament, as early as the beginning of the second century.
		For the Christians of the third generation in Asia living in the midst of flourishing schools, the Fourth Evangelist was forced to adopt an entirely different style from that employed by his predecessors in writing for the newly-converted Jews and pagans of the earlier period.
		Another difficulty raised is the fact that the peculiar Johannine style is found not only in the narrative portions of the Gospel, but also in the discourses of Jesus and in the words of the Baptist and other personages.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08438a.htm (6104 words)

	THE JOHANNINE LETTERS
		Before examining the internal and external data relating to authorship of the Johannine Letters, it is necessary to investigate whether there is evidence that the Johannine Letters were written by the same author as the Gospel of John.
		As in the gospel, in the Johannine letters the favored connectives are favored are hoti ("that, because") and kai ("and").
		The conceptual parallels between the Johannine letters and the Gospel of John imply that the Johannine Letters come from the author of the Gospel of John.
	www.abu.nb.ca /courses/NTIntro/JohLet.htm (4992 words)

	New Testament - Free net encyclopedia
		These works are considered "apocryphal", and are therefore referred to in singular as the New Testament Apocrypha.
		The Johannine writings, particularly the Gospel and the first epistle, have been accepted by many as coming from circles around John the Evangelist; the question there is whether Revelation is ascribed to the circles.
		Those who are more liberal view the Bible as a human witness to the glory of God, the work of fallible humans who wrote from a limited experience unusual only for the insight they have gained through their inspired struggle to know God in the midst of a troubled world.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/New_Testament (5592 words)

	Johannine Epistles
		Authorship, background, purpose, intended readers, methodology and theology will be the focus of this analysis of the Johannine letters.
		Bultmann, Rudolf, The Johannine Epistles: A Commentary on the Johannine Epistles.
		Lieu, Judith, The Theology of the Johannine Epistles.
	personal.ashland.edu /~rmorton2/Johannine_Epistles.html (1663 words)

	bible.org: The Authorship of 1 John (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The point of introducing this into a discussion of authorship is to serve as a reminder that to some extent discussions of authorship of 1 John are inextricably linked to discussions of authorship of the Fourth Gospel.
		Clearly the most widespread alternative to authorship of 1 John by John the Apostle is authorship by a second person whose name is John, usually designated John the Elder (or Presbyter, from the Greek word).
		In moderately critical circles it is becoming common to ascribe authorship of the Gospel to a follower of the Apostle John (or the Beloved Disciple), which allows one to say that the witness behind the Fourth Gospel was apostolic or near-apostolic, while the actual authorship was not.
	www.bible.org /page.php?page_id=2057 (3211 words)

	John the Evangelist Summary
		Numerous modern scholars dispute that these were the same person (see authorship of the Johannine works).
		The author of this Gospel is also sometimes presumed to be the author of 1 John, and rarely also 2 John and 3 John, though the fourth century Council of Rome decreed that the author of 1 John and that of 2and3 John should be regarded as distinct individuals, and modern textual criticism agrees.
		Collectively, the Gospel, the three Epistles, and Revelation are known as Johannine literature, and there is some internal textual evidence to suggest they may have been authored by the same person (see textual criticism).
	www.bookrags.com /John_the_Evangelist (1289 words)

	Gospel of John - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Critical scholarship starting in the 19th century questioned the apostle John's authorship, arguing that the work was written decades after the events it describes.
		The differences in the composition of the Greek within the Gospel, such as breaks and inconsistencies in sequence, repetitions in the discourse, as well as passages that clearly do not belong to their context, suggest redaction.
		This date is assumed in large part because John 21, the so-called "appendix" to John, is largely concerned with explaining the death of the "beloved disciple," probably the leader of the Johannine community that produced the text.
	www.knowledgehunter.info /wiki/Gospel_of_John (2728 words)

	RHC-REV-p1
		Furthermore he would not have ventured to claim the name and authorship of a prophet in the very lifetime of that prophet and in the immediate sphere of that prophet's activity.
		Thus the theory of Dionysius as to the diversity of authorship has passed out of the region of hypothesis and may not be safely regarded as an established conclusion.
		For in its enumeration of the works of St. Paul it proceeds: "Ex quibus singulis (non) necesse est a nobis disputari, cum ipse beatus apostolos Paulus, sequens prodecessoris sui Johannis ordinem, nonnisi nominatim septem ecclesiis scribat.
	www.dabar.org /RHCharles/Revelation/intro-III.htm (5176 words)

	REVELATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The authorship and date of Revelation are somewhat inter-related to the historical and sociological setting of the Seven Churches of Asia addressed in the book of Revelation.
		Although the Greek in Revelation is vastly different from that of the Gospel of John and the Johannine Epistles, there are some terms used that indicate that the author of Revelation was either the same, or from the same Johannine community.
		The result of Dionysius' work was that a tradition developed, especially in the 19th century, that the Apostle could not have been the author of Revelation.
	www.centerce.org /BIBL666/AuthorshipAndDate.htm (1234 words)

	John the Evangelist - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The most widely accepted view is that - whether or not the same man wrote all the Johannine literature - it all came out of the same community in Asia Minor, which had some connection to John.
		He is generally assumed to be the "beloved disciple" repeatedly referred to in the work.
		Of the Johannine literature, Revelation bears the least grammatical similarity to the Gospel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_the_Evangelist (476 words)

	John, The Epistles Of, Part 4-9 (International Standard Bible Encyclopedia) :: Bible Tools (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		All the Fathers already mentioned as quoting the Epistle (excepting Polycarp, but including Irenaeus) quote it as the work of John; and, until the end of the 16th century, this opinion was held as unquestionable.
		Whether the arguments brought against the apostolic authorship of the Johannine writings as a whole possess this character is too large a question to be investigated here.
		Again, it is urged that in the Epistle the conception of the logos is modified in the direction of conformity to traditional doctrine.
	bibletools.org /index.cfm/fuseaction/Def.show/RTD/ISBE/ID/5101 (3562 words)

	John the Evangelist
		In addition to the Gospel, he is also presumed to be the author of other books in the New Testament: 1 John, 2 John, 3 John, and the Book of Revelation.
		Collectively, these books are known as Johannine literature.
		For a discussion of the problems in identifying the authorship of the Johannine works, see [1] (http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/john.html).
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/jo/John_the_Divine.html (83 words)

	Saint John the Evangelist - SaintJohntheEvangelist
		Tradition says that he was one of Christs disciples, and after a long life was exiled to Patmos between 90-95, where he wrote the Book of Revelation.
		The author of this Gospel is also sometimes presumed to be the author of other books in the New Testament: 1 John, 2 John, and 3 John.
		There are also schools of thought which attribute some of these five works (always including The Gospel of John) to John the Apostle and others (usually including the 2nd and 3rd epistles) to another John.
	www.kopete.org /Saint-John-the-Evangelist.html (198 words)

	The Gospel of John - TheologyWeb Campus
		The two references to the Beloved Disciple that are pertinant to questions of authorship come in John 19:35 and 21:24, which both claim that the Beloved Disciple is the main source (if not the only source) from which the gospel was composed.
		They may or may not claim that the disciple actually wrote the gospel, but at the very least, they say that he is the source of the tradition contained in the gospel.
		If this is the case, we can say then that he either dictated it to an amneusis (a secretary, which was a common practice in those days) OR that a disciple of John wrote the gospel based on what he had heard from John's teaching over his lifetime.
	www.theologyweb.com /campus/showthread.php?t=61411 (3473 words)

	CADRE Comments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Bautlmann's work on form criticism is understood as a condemnation to any eye witness appeal, and the Gospels are dismissed as a mass of unintelligible gibberish.
		It is the whole community of the early faithful that produced the Gospels through this process of oral tradition and redaction, and they were working from a carefully controlled process through which real eye witnesses corrected the mistakes of transmission.
		The word and work of Jesus were an important albeit distinct part of these apostolic traditions.
	christiancadre.blogspot.com /2005/06/why-i-do-not-find-authorship.html (3111 words)

	John, Gospel Of (International Standard Bible Encyclopedia) :: Bible Tools (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The words He speaks are the Father's words; the works He does are the Father's (John 5:19-20; John 7:16, John 7:18, etc.): "This commandment received I from my Father" (John 10:18).
		We find also that when John "heard in the prison the works of the Christ," and "sent by his disciples and said unto him, Art thou he that cometh, or look we for another?" (Matthew 11:2), the answer of Jesus was a reference to a passage in Isa.
		On the other hand, the culmination of faith is seen in the word of the Lord to Thomas: "Because thou hast seen me, thou hast believed: blessed are they that have not seen, and yet have believed" (John 20:29).
	bibletools.org /index.cfm/fuseaction/Def.show/RTD/ISBE/ID/5098 (8433 words)

	[No title]
		A number of Church Fathers weighed in on the authorship of Revelation.
		Lastly, the Gospel is written in nearly flawless Greek, but Revelation contains grammatical errors and stylistic abnormalities which indicate its author may not have been as familiar with the Greek language as the Gospel's author.
		Lacunza wrote under the pen name "Ben Ezra", and his work was banned by the Catholic Church.
	www.gamecheatz.net /games.php?title=Book_of_Revelation (4165 words)

	Book of Revelation - Deistpedia, the Deist encyclopedia
		For example, both works frequently refer to Jesus as a lamb or as a shepherd.
		Recently, aesthetic and literary modes of interpretation focus on Revelation as a work of art and imagination, viewing the imagery as symbolic depictions of timeless truths and the victory of good over evil.
		According to some historicists, the second beast represents the personal Roman Imperial Cult, whose office was to assist the beast from the sea, probably signifying the work of seduction carried on by apostate Christians.
	www.templeofreason.org /test1/Book_of_Revelation.htm (4558 words)

	NEW TESTAMENT : Encyclopedia Entry
		These works are considered "apocryphal", and are therefore referred to as the New Testament Apocrypha.
		The traditional view is that all the books were written by Apostles or disciples working under their direction (e.g.
		Those who hold a more liberal view of the Bible as a human witness to the glory of God, the work of fallible humans who wrote from a limited experience unusual only for the insight they have gained through their inspired struggle to know God in the midst of a troubled world.
	bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/New_Testament (6226 words)

	Body Cleanses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The study of the working of a Bosy is anatomy.
		A Boxy is also a held-together collection or group of physical objects or abstract ideas, and in particular an organisation.
		Authorship of the Johannine works 40: are pointed to.
	www.super8filmmaking.com /tail/35039-body-cleanses.html (446 words)

	The Gospel of John, an overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		For a discussion of the problems in identifying the authorship of the Johannine works, see http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/john.html.
		Philo's work bridged this gap, postulating an ousia of God, or a singular essence, which is the unknowable, and an energeiai (energy) which was the very thoughts of God.
		These victims of Jesus' spiritual revelations and allusions are caricatured for the benefit of the Christianized Johannine reader, who is well aware of the role they wish their nonhuman savior to play.
	www.sullivan-county.com /news/mine/john_gospel.htm (4574 words)

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