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Topic: Autocatalytic

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	Surface Treatments: Autocatalytic Plating (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Autocatalytic (Electroless) plating, also known as electroless plating, is a plating process which involves deposition without any current applied.
		Autocatalytic platings are widely used for machine frames, base plates, fixtures, some machine parts where metal-to-metal wear applications are needed and the conventional oils and greases can not be used.
		In autocatalytic platings, the metal ion is reduced to a metal only on a specific surface, which must have a catalyst present before the reaction can begin.
	www.efunda.com /processes/surface/electrolessplatings.cfm (212 words)

	Autocatalytic set - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An autocatalytic set is a collection of entities, each of which is able to catalyze the creation of others within the set, such that as a whole, the set is able to catalyze its own replication.
		Autocatalytic sets were originally and most concretely defined in terms of entities which are replicating molecules, but have more recently been metaphorically extended to the study of systems in sociology and economics.
		Such studies make autocatalytic sets candidates for a theoretical explanation of the very early origin of life, but are empirically unsupported in real chemistry.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Autocatalytic_set (535 words)

	At Home in the Universe. (Stuart Kauffman).
		Autocatalytic set theory is an absolute simple model with absolutely non-trivial properties.
		And further: the fortunate set of proteins becoming an autocatalytic set, is a random subset of all possible autocatalytic sets [2].
		Recently Yao et al [16] described a four-component peptide system that is capable of auto- and cross-catalysis and which supports the suggestion that self-replicating peptides may have played a role in the origin of life.
	home.wxs.nl /~gkorthof/kortho32.htm (3435 words)

	Autocatalytic set -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		In this way the set as a whole is said to be (additional info and facts about autocatalytic) autocatalytic.
		Autocatalytic sets were originally and most concretely defined in terms of entities which are replicating ((physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound) molecules, but have more recently been metaphorically extended to the study of systems in sociology and economics.
		Several models of the (additional info and facts about origin of life) origin of life are based on the notion that life may have arose through the development of an molecular autocatalytic set.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/au/autocatalytic_set.htm (183 words)

	The origin of a sign
		Autocatalytic systems usually are considered not alive because they do not have coded information about their structure (Von Neumann 1966, Rosen 1991).
		Autocatalytic systems transfer the information about their structure and function to offspring systems, which is vertical semiosis, according to Hoffmeyer (1996).
		Systems in which genotype and phenotype are not separated (e.g., simple autocatalytic systems) are not considered alive, but systems with differentiated genotype and phenotype are too complex to explain their origin via random aggregation of molecules.
	www.gypsymoth.ento.vt.edu /~sharov/biosem/txt/origsign.html (6229 words)

	Autocatalytic Networks with Translation - Happel, Hecht, Stadler (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: We consider the kinetics of an autocatalytic reaction network in which replication and catalytic action is separatedby a translation step.
		We find that the behavior of such a system is closely related to second order replicator equations, which describe the kinetic of autocatalytic reaction networks in which the replicators act also as catalysts.
		10 Autocatalytic Replication in a CSTR and Constant Organizatio..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /happel96autocatalytic.html (980 words)

	Psycoloquy 9(67): Autocatalytic Closure in a Cognitive System:
		An autocatalytic system is a set of molecules which, as a group, catalyze their own replication.
		The autocatalytic origin of life theory circumvents the chicken-and-egg problem by positing that the same collective entity is both code and decoder.
		Since autocatalytic sets appear to be a predictable, emergent outcome in any sufficiently complex set of polymers, the theory suggests that life is an expected outcome rather than a lucky long-shot.
	www.mega.nu:8080 /ampp/gabora2/gabora2.html (13814 words)

	At Home In the Universe
		Autocatalytic set theory suggests that life arose from a critical mass of diverse molecules, each of which had the ability to catalyze a reaction.
		Kauffman projects that the concept of an autocatalytic set can be projected to a number of other naturally complex systems such as biological extinction, the development of technological economy, or even politics.
		For biological extinction, autocatalytic set theory is tied closely with co-evolution and in a way, with economics.
	www.stanford.edu /class/symbsys205/Kauffman.htm (2051 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		The term"quasi- autocatalytic" (and" (quasi-) autocatalytic" denoting"autocatalytic or more correctly quasi-autocatalytic") is employed to distinguish the process from truly autocatalytic processes as when a ribozyme replicates itself.
		The sequence forming the template in a complex substrate for synthesis of an autocatalytically replicatable RNA catalyzed by the DDRP activity of an RNA replicase, is referred to as a"complex segment,""complex sequence segment"or"complex template."In the methods of the invention, the"complex segments"preferably comprise at least one 2'-deoxyribonucleotide or analog thereof.
		Although commonly referred to as autocatalytic the replicase does not replicate itself, thus the process is not autocatalytic in the common sense of the word, but rather quasi-autocatalytic.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/59162.010816&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (10902 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION One aspect of the present invention is to use a grid arrangement of injection lances to define a zonal injection matrix permitting the controlled injection of polluant reducing chemicals to each of a plurality of zones to treat flue gas in a convective pass of a furnace.
		Autocatalytic processes have a wide reaction temperature window with lower temperatures compensated for by a slight increase in hydrocarbon injection such that ammonia slip is
		Ammonia-based reagents and hydrocarbon within a carrier gas, in the case of autocatalytic processes, are injected into flue gases through numerous apertures or nozzles along a plurality of lance/injector tubes in a grid arrangement.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=04/105928.041209&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (6801 words)

	Fire of 1532 Did Not Start Long-Term Autocatalytic Decomposition
		Autocatalytic chemical reactions are those in which the rate increases as the amounts of reactants decrease, i.e., while the materials are reacting.
		Any autocatalytic decomposition that occurred then has long since stopped as the Shroud is stored at normal temperatures.
		No impurities that could start autocatalytic decomposition were found, confirming what was observed through the 470 years of history.
	www.historicaljesusquest.com /faq/turin-shroud-faq-06.htm (2088 words)

	Fire of 1532 Did Not Start Long-Term Autocatalytic Decomposition
		Autocatalytic chemical reactions are those in which the rate increases as the amounts of reactants decrease, i.e., while the materials are reacting.
		Any autocatalytic decomposition that occurred then has long since stopped as the Shroud is stored at normal temperatures.
		No impurities that could start autocatalytic decomposition were found, confirming what was observed through the 470 years of history.
	www.shroudstory.com /faq/turin-shroud-faq-06.htm (2064 words)

	Some Remarks on Autocatalysis and Autopoiesis
		The autocatalytic molecules which play this role, in modern organisms at least, are the nucleic acids.
		So while autocatalytic molecules, per se, can be very useful and play a key role in modern organisms, it is doubtful whether such molecules could participate in the spontaneous emergence or origin of life.
		Autocatalytic processes do not constitute autopoietic systems because among other things, they do not determine their topology.
	www.eeng.dcu.ie /~alife/bmcm9901/html-single (5534 words)

	Low emission polyurethane polymers made with autocatalytic polyols - US Patent 6762274 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		In another aspect, the use of the autocatalytic polyols of the present invention could reduce the level of amine catalysts to which workers would be exposed in the atmosphere in a manufacturing plant.
		The autocatalytic polyols (b2) are those initiated with an alkyl amine as given by Formula I or containing an alkyl amine as part of the polyol chain.
		Combination of two or more autocatalytic polyols of (b2) type can also be used with satisfactory results in a single polyurethane formulation when one wants for instance to adjust blowing and gelling reactions modifying the two polyol structures with different functionalities, equivalent weights, ratio EO/PO etc, and their respective amounts in the formulations.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6762274.html (8177 words)

	TSRI - News and Publications
		In a living system, the complex blend of nonlinear molecular information-transfer processes is thought to bring about a coherent self-organized chemical system--a collective of interacting and interdependent molecular species, a "molecular ecosystem"--that as a whole can have emergent properties far greater than the simple sum of its chemical constituents.
		Therefore, to understand and ultimately mimic the properties of living systems, we are defining the basic forms of self-organized autocatalytic chemical networks, how the networks can be constructed, and how the interplay of information and nonlinear catalysis can lead to the expression of emergent properties (Fig.
		The basic methods required for the study of self-organized networks were resolved through rational de novo design of catalysts that form amide bonds (ligases and replicases) for sequence-specific peptide-fragment condensation reactions.
	www.scripps.edu /news/sk/skaggs98/report12.htm (373 words)

	biology - Autocatalytic set
		Several models of the origin of life are based on the notion that life may have arose through the development of an molecular autocatalytic set.
		Most of these models which have emerged from the studies of complex systems predict that life arose not from a molecule with any particular trait (such as self-replicating RNA) but from an an autocatalytic set.
		Several models that are based on autocatalytic set include Stuart Kauffman and others.
	www.biologydaily.com /biology/Autocatalytic_set (200 words)

	Autocatalytic Networks with Intermediates I: Irreversible Reactions - Hecht, Happel, Schuster, Stadler (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: A class of autocatalytic reaction networks based on template dependent replication and specific catalysis is considered.
		Remark 2 In this paper we restrict ourselves to an arbitrary assignment of values to functions f and g.
		Dynamics of Autocatalytic Replicator Networks Based on Higher..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /hecht97autocatalytic.html (890 words)

	At Home in the Universe. (Stuart Kauffman).
		Autocatalytic set theory is an absolute simple model with absolutely non-trivial properties.
		And further: the fortunate set of proteins becoming an autocatalytic set, is a random subset of all possible autocatalytic sets [2].
		Recently Yao et al [16] described a four-component peptide system that is capable of auto- and cross-catalysis and which supports the suggestion that self-replicating peptides may have played a role in the origin of life.
	home.planet.nl /~gkorthof/kortho32.htm (3394 words)

	Autocatalytic Closure in a Cognitive System
		Though originally formulated to explain the origin of life, this theory also provides a plausible account of how discrete episodic memories become woven into an internal model of the world, or worldview, that both structures, and is structured by, self-triggered streams of thought.
		And just as catalytic polymers undergo a phase transition to a state where there is a catalytic pathway to each polymer present, and together they constitute a self-replicating set, memes undergo a phase transition to a state where each meme is retrievable through a pathway of remindings/associations, and together they constitute a transmittable worldview.
		But what this means for the OOC is that there are numerous levels of autocatalytic closure, which convey varying degrees of worldview interconnectedness and consistency on their ‘meme host’.
	www.vub.ac.be /CLEA/liane/ACCS (13759 words)

	Boron Nickel Autocatalytic technology - Surface Finishes - SEC
		Autocatalytic technology for new applications and as a suitable replacement for hard chrome.
		Autocatalytic technology is well known particularly in the Phosphorus / Nickel form.
		An alternative, for high build applications, has been to use Boron / Nickel, but until relatively recently the systems were chemically unstable and considered to be expensive.
	www.secfinishes.co.uk /Autocatalytic.htm (917 words)

	[No title]
		It is closely related to the notion of an autocatalytic process, which is one that encourages its own reproduction.
		And that process itself, if it successfully continues, becomes an example of an autocatalytic process (indeed a “memetic” autocatalytic process), both of which (that is, the autocatalytic process and the fact of it being an example) the contents of this email refers to.
		Negative examples of autocatalytic processes include the regular diurnal movement of shadows, the wind, and the continual occurrence of fatal motor vehicle accidents.
	www.newcastle.edu.au /centre/casrg/AutocatalyticEmail.doc (2097 words)

	Autocatalytic processing of the ATP-dependent PIM1 protease: crucial function of a pro-region for sorting to ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		The analysis of proteolytically inactive PIM1 led to the identification of a pro-region which is cleaved off autocatalytically upon ATP-dependent assembly of newly imported PIM1 molecules with pre-existing subunits.
		While a possible inhibitory effect of the pro-region on the degradation of substrate proteins remains to be determined, the observed missorting of proteolytically inactive PIM1 protease lacking the propeptide cannot be explained by premature autocatalytic processing of the preprotein.
		The intermolecular autocatalytic cleavage of the propeptide of PIM1 protease observed upon oligomerization demonstrates the proteolytic activity of such complexes.
	www.nature.com /emboj/journal/v16/n24/full/7590699a.html (6566 words)

	Complex Pattern of Membrane Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase Shedding. REGULATION BY AUTOCATALYTIC CELL SURFACE ...
		The autocatalytic pathway of MT1-MMP shedding concludes with the release of an 18-kDa fragment that extends from Tyr
		Schematic representation of the autocatalytic and non-autocatalytic shedding of MT1-MMP.
		The autocatalytic shedding is inhibited by the natural MT1-MMP inhibitors, TIMP-2 and TIMP-4, and high affinity synthetic MMP inhibitors like marimastat.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/277/29/26340 (7928 words)

	Systems and Cybernetics selective retention, autocatalytic growth, asymmetric transitions, blind variation, recursive ...
		The (mostly self-evident) principles are: selective retention, autocatalytic growth, asymmetric transitions, blind variation, recursive systems construction, selective variety, requisite knowledge and incomplete knowledge.
		Autocatalytic growth describes as well biological reproduction, as the positive feedback or non-linearity characterizing most inorganic processes of self- organization, such as crystal growth.
		The principle simply states that it suffices for a configuration to be stable, and in some respect autocatalytic or self-replicating, in order to undergo a potentially explosive growth.
	intelegen.com /genius/systems_and_cybernetics.htm (3769 words)

	Psycoloquy 10(007): Joining the Dots: Extending the Autocatalytic Picture
		This is done by changing the unit of replication from a concept to a path consisting of a series of concepts, where each concept in the path has a tendency to cause the next to be recalled into the stream of thought.
		Coherence is the property that there will not be different sections of the population of paths that tend to be mutually exclusive; in Gabora's picture it is possible for two or more separate autocatalytic sets to emerge (although the probability of this could be a function of the connectiveness of the concepts).
		In this way, once an autocatalytic process has occurred so as to stimulate a continuous stream of thought, an evolutionary process acting on paths will tend to develop this into a pervasive and coherent system -- one that might be meaningfully called a `world-view'.
	www.cogsci.ecs.soton.ac.uk /cgi/psyc/newpsy?10.007 (1320 words)

	Varieties of Chemical Closure: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Any autocatalytic process can be the basis of a "clock reaction"— a reaction that is apparently quiescent for a long period of time, and then bursts into activity — a solution changes color rapidly after a time without apparent change, for instance, or a haystack suddenly bursts into flame.
		In this first case, Z is a byproduct of the autocatalytic process: Z also has the ability to remove the autocatalyst.
		The autocatalytic reaction is now shut off, but decomposition of the autocatalyst is proceeding, and the feed of Z is significant.
	www.georgetown.edu /earleyj/vccny4.html (3871 words)

	[No title]
		An autocatalytic set is a network of catalyzed chemical reactions with nonlinear feedback: pre-replicator metabolisms.
		First via their generality, and then via their stability, life has gobbled up all the amino and nucleic acids that once were found in autocatalytic sets.
		Even better, these replicators may have extended the scope of those autocatalytic sets from incestuous cannibals to the ability to manufacture new nucleic and amino acids out of even simpler building blocks.
	www.etext.org /Politics/Extropy.Institute/szabo.052693 (688 words)

	Autocatalytic Processing of gamma -Glutamyltranspeptidase -- Suzuki and Kumagai 277 (45): 43536 -- Journal of ...
		In this paper, we show that the processing of GGT is autocatalytic, and the characteristics of its processing were studied.
		Effects of Protease Inhibitors on the Autocatalytic Processing of GGT-- The effects of protease inhibitors on the processing of GGT were determined.
		Autocatalytic processing of GGT was confirmed, and the involvement
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/277/45/43536 (5884 words)

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