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Topic: Autochrome

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	Institut Lumiere - English - Museum
		The Autochrome was patented on 17 December 1903 but not unveiled to the Academy of Science until 30 May 1904, which is why its centennial is celebrated in 2004.
		Before the invention of the Autochrome, colours were separated using a complex three-colour process whereby three successive exposures had to be taken and then superimposed onto each other.
		In photography, the autochrome process did not sustain the launching of Kodachrome (1935) and Agfacolor (1936), both of which were better suited to reduced format transparencies, such as the 6x6 and the 24x36, and were soon followed by the Agfacolor negative version, which popularized color prints on photographic paper.
	www.institut-lumiere.org /english/lumiere/autochrome.html (1187 words)

	COLOR THEORY-AUTOCHROME
		AUTOCHROME was a photographic transparency film patented in America, June 5,1906 (No.822,532) by Auguste and Louis Lumiére of Lyons, France (FR.Pat.No. 339,223, 1903).
		Like other techniques of the time, it employed the additive method, recording a scene as separate fl and white images representing red, green and blue, and then reconstituting color with the help of filters.
		The final photograph has a beautiful look with wide tonal gradation and if you could see an original well preserved Autochrome today, you would be amazed at the extrodinary way they age, and can in fact appear as though they were processed only yesterday.
	www.bway.net /~jscruggs/auto.html (692 words)

	Autochrome Portrait of Three Women (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Autochrome plates were manufactured in a wide variety of metric and English sizes to fit most contemporary glass plate cameras.
		Autochrome plates consist of sheets of glass coated with silver photographic emulsion and starch grains dyed blue, green and red.
		Autochromes could be viewed by projection, or in table-top or hand-held viewers of the type normally used for viewing fl and white slides, or in viewers specially designed for autochromes, known as diascopes.
	www.vintagephoto.tv /autochrome.shtml (331 words)

	Progress in Color: Surmounting Technical obstacles
		It is estimated that over 20 million autochrome plates were exposed from 1907 through the early 1930’s and the market exploded for diascopes, the devices needed to view the plates.
		The additive method used in the autochrome process produced a single positive image that was difficult to convert to a print.
		Autochrome positives did not provide adequate color separation in a negative to strike a printing plate without significant distortion of the images.
	xroads.virginia.edu /~MA05/baker/30sphoto/photowebsite/techcolor.htm (1567 words)

	Jean-Baptiste Tournassoud, Photographer (1866 - 1951) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Exposure (which may vary from several seconds to several minutes according to the intensity of the light, the luminosity of the subject and when it was made) is taken with the filter side of the plate turned towards the lens.
		The Autochrome plates were intended to be projected with a lantern lit by an arc lamp which gave a powerful light and allowed considerable enlarging on giant screens; or they could be individually admired using a clever system: the diascope, a leather or fabric case provided with a frame and a mirror.
		In order to protect the fragile emulsion of the Autochrome plate, a protective glass was placed on top of the original glass plate, secured by a special "binding tape" that ensured the sealing of emulsion and its protection from the moisture and the air pollution.
	www.tournassoud.org /en/tech/autochrome.php (659 words)

	Prints & Photographs Online Catalog - Genthe Collection - Deterioration
		Autochrome plates were created by coating a sheet of glass with microscopic starch grains dyed red, green, and blue.
		In 1968, this diascope was given to the Library by the family of poet Edna St. Vincent Millay, the subject of one of Genthe's autochromes.
		When this unidentified autochrome portrait was broken, the emulsion layer was torn and lifted from the surface of the plate.
	memory.loc.gov /pp/gendetau.html (490 words)

	Néprajzi Múzeum - Kiállítások - Jelenlegi időszaki kiállítások (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Autochrome photography, developed by the Lumiere brothers in 1904, allowed European photographers of the first decade of the 20
		In 1907, as the Lumiere Company produced its first autochrome plates, the Hungarian press was already reporting on the application of the new technology for scientific purposes.
		In the field of ethnography, Sándor Gönyey was one of the first to produce photographs using autochrome technology.
	www.neprajz.hu /kiallitasok/szines_neprajzi_e.html (132 words)

	Colour Photography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The autochrome plate took the form of a transparency: it originated from Louis Lumiere's discovery in 1904 of the properties of potato starch.
		These autochrome plates yielded their maximum intensity when projected, but they could also be printed on paper with excellent results.
		His opinion carried weight, and even today the autochrome plates of this period have a charm all their own, the colours having remained as fresh and bright as ever.
	www.olinda.com /Art/colourphotography/colourintro.htm (616 words)

	a collection of autochrome plates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Autochrome plates are quite expensive, even more than fl and white, autochrome photography is reserved to rich photographers, a single autochrome plate costs as much as a full box of BandW plates (12 glass plates per box at the time).
		Those stereoscopic autochrome plates after processing have to be cut in two halves and re-mounted sandwiched between another glass so that the stereo pair is in the correct left/right viewing position.
		Autochrome plates were sold per packs of four at a price of 13.10 French Francs (FRF) for each 4-pack of 6x13 cm plates.
	www.galerie-photo.com /autochrome_plate.html (1256 words)

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		The Autochrome was the first viable color photograph process, and was introduced in 1907 by the LumiÃ¨re brothers.
		The autochrome process was supplanted by the invention of Kodachrome film in 1935 by two concert musicians, Leopold Godowsky, Jr., and Leopold Mannes.
		When the autochromes were digitized, they first appeared to have a film or "wash" over the image.
	www.kclibrary.org /localhistory/collections.cfm?collID=72 (556 words)

	Color / Colour Pictures of the Great War
		Autochromes were the first true color pictures, and the only industrial color photography process until 1935.
		You will find many of these French autochromes on page 6, on page 7, on page 8 and on page 9 of this article (some others are scattered over the other pages).
		Another system, also used in that juncture, although on a much smaller scale, was the Paget Plate, invented in 1913: a color effect was achieved by looking at a fl-and-white positive through a raster of colored lines.
	greatwar.nl /kleur/kleur.html (712 words)

	Autochrome: Early Visual Media - Color - Photography - Stereo - Richard - Nudes - Pointillism
		Autochromes were not the first photographs in color since the search for color started at the dawn of photography and is seen in most early techniques true coloring by hand.
		However, the large succes of the autochrome was, beside the spectacular reproduction of colours, caused by the commercialisid autochrome plates on flexible film.
		Both types of autochromes, glass or film, were mostly sandwiched between glasses to protect the extremely fragile emulsion layer.
	users.telenet.be /thomasweynants/autochromes.html (524 words)

	Cameras Exhibition: Item 109
		The autochrome screen process came onto the market in 1907, and in 1908 Miss Acland took both the new process and her earlier Sanger Shepherd materials with her to Madeira.
		Although the autochrome was much slower (several seconds exposure) and produced only one unique image, the subsequent manipulation was much easier and the quality of the colours was so superior that it immediately became her (and most other colour photographers') favourite process.
		Glass autochrome 90 x 120 mm - the format of her 'Una' quarter-plate camera (Item 148).
	www.mhs.ox.ac.uk /cameras/item109.htm (96 words)

	iphf.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Autochromes glass plate was the birth of color photography.
		The Autochrome is the rarest, most fragile and to a great many people, the most beautiful of all photographic processes.
		The International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum is proud to display examples of Viewegar’s Autochromes on permanent loan from the Viewegar family.
	www.iphf.org /IPHF_galleries/autochrome.htm (303 words)

	"Archives de la Planète" by Teresa Castro, p. 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Most visual documents are autochromes: an early colour photography process, patented by the Lumière Brothers in 1903.
		The autochromes' predominance in the whole of the collection constitutes the most expressive outcome of this belief.
		Each new item in the archive, be it a film or an autochrome, added to this infinite collection, constitutes a unit that describes an aspect of reality.
	www.ejumpcut.org /currentissue/KahnAtlas/Atlas2.html (2390 words)

	Captured in colour: The autochrome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Unlike other colour screen plate systems, the autochrome was a single piece of glass comprising both the colour screen and the photographic emulsion, or coating.
		The colour screen was made up of dyed potato starch grains that had been separated to a uniform size, dyed red-orange, green and blue-violet, and thoroughly mixed together.
		Magnified view of the colour screen used in the autochrome colour photography system.
	www.awm.gov.au /captured/colour/autochrome.asp (258 words)

	Transparency (photography) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The terms slide and reversal film are also used.
		The earliest practical color photography was the Autochrome process.
		This was an additive 'screen-plate' method which produced a colour slide, but was fairly dim, and with the colour resolution limited by the fineness of the screen-plate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Transparency_(photography) (974 words)

	Prints & Photographs Online Catalog - Genthe Collection Scope
		Genthe was one of the first photographers in America to use the Lumiere brothers' new autochrome process for color photography.
		He made autochrome portraits and landscapes throughout the United States from 1906 until the 1930's.
		Approximately 500 autochromes are in the collection, including this one of Helen Cooke.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /pp/agchtml/agcsco.html (590 words)

	Captured in colour: Castelnau, Cuville and the French photographic tradition
		This expansion had been accompanied by an intense interest in the educational value of social geography and the systematic documentation that went with it.
		Photography, and the autochrome in particular, was an ideal medium for capturing such vast quantities of information with great accuracy.
		The French banker Albert Kahn’s photographic project, Les Archives de la Planete, which was begun in 1909 and designed to be a collection of thousands of autochromes arranged in geographical categories, was a magnificent expression of this interest.
	www.awm.gov.au /captured/french/tradition.asp (211 words)

	THE ART OF THE AUTOCHROME: THE BIRTH OF COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY - COLLECTIBLE BOOK FOR SALE
		John Wood presents a rich selection of the finest surviving examples of the Autochrome Process, including the work of still-life masters Heinrich Kuhn and Wladimir Schohin, the painterly Antonin Personnaz, and Gervais Courtellemont, whose stupendous work was widely published in National Geographic in the 1920's.
		The discovery of Andreyev's autochromes by archivist Richard Davies is considered by the author as "one of the most important photographic discoveries ever made".
		The autochrome was a starch-dye, glass-plate photographic process which yielded color photographs with painterly delicacy, limpid-ness, and beauty.
	www.modernrare.com /books/9224 (537 words)

	University of Iowa Press - Browse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The autochrome is the rarest, most fragile, and, to a great many eyes, most beautiful of the photographic processes.
		Other color processes were invented prior to the autochrome, but they were more cumbersome, less practical, and less faithful.
		John Wood discusses the autochrome in the context of the art movement of its time, contributing not only to early photographic studies but also to the larger area of the role of photography in art, particularly within the Symbolist and Viennese Secession movements.
	www.uiowa.edu /uiowapress/wooartof.htm (512 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Next the starch was flattened by a machine that had a needle that swept back and forth across the plate while rotating.
		In fact, it is possible to see these lines in the historic autochromes, usually in the light or sky areas of the picture.
		Although many articles state that the effective pressure was about five tons per square centimetre, it is possible to manually flatten the grains with much less pressure.
	www.autochrome.org /autotext.txt (653 words)

	A History of Photography, by Robert Leggat: AUTOCHROME process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Autochrome was the first viable colour photograph process, and was introduced in 1907 by the Lumière brothers.
		The Autochrome "screen" was created by forming a layer of minute starch grains dyed in the primary colours (red, blue and green)**, behind which was a layer of panchromatic film.
		When the picture was taken these starch grains acted as tiny filters on the film.
	www.rleggat.com /photohistory/history/autochro.htm (114 words)

	photo.net Forum: What is an 'autochrome'???
		But the Autochrome required a long exposure, one second or more in sunlight, and full-color photoengravings were expensive.
		The shots are pin sharp; none of the dancers or members of the large crowds were blurred, or even soft-looking.
		I also learnt something new from another book, if anyone is interested in reproducing the autochrome effect (without adding dyes to potatos) there is a 35mm Polaroid Instant film (you buy the film and chemicals together)and its really easy to use.
	www.photo.net /bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg?msg_id=000QyR (323 words)

	NMAH: Autochrome Portrait
		William H. Towles, active from 1890 into the 1930s, is said to have made Washington, D.C.'s first autochome.
		Autochromes are among the first commercially successful forms of color photography.
		The color dyes in the photographs are held by potato starch.
	americanhistory.si.edu /collections/object.cfm?key=35&objkey=262 (49 words)

	P 95, John Garman Photographic Collection
		Aerial view, from Stover paintings, 1924 for lantern slide, 1932 for autochrome.
		Lantern slide 3 1/4 x 4 Autochrome 3 1/4 x 4 38.
		Ruth Namuro in Japanese costume Autochrome 5 x 7 94.
	osulibrary.oregonstate.edu /archives/archive/pho/p095inv.html (4774 words)

	Box of Lumière Autochrome Plates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The autochrome was the first commercially available color process and was widely practiced between 1907 and the mid to late 1930s.
		The autochrome was invented by two Frenchmen, August and Louis Lumière.
		You will find additional information on autochromes and an example of an early color portrait on the Autochrome Portrait page.
	www.vintagephoto.tv /autochromebox.shtml (105 words)

	Francis Bruguière,The Golden Gate - The American Museum of Photography: Masterworks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Autochromes are natural-color transparencies on glass, made on specially-prepared plates.
		The process was the first system of color photography to become a commercial success.
		Autochrome plates were invented by the Lumiere Brothers of France and marketed by their firm beginning in 1907.
	www.photographymuseum.com /bruglg.html (139 words)

	Frank Eugene: Stieglitz and Emmy (55.635.12) \| Object Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Eugene's strong painting background and expertise in printing were patently evident in the Pictorialist photographs he made beginning about 1894.
		In 1902, Stieglitz invited him to become a founding member of the Photo-Secession, and his facility with complicated photographic techniques such as the gum bichromate and autochrome processes, as well as his refined aesthetic sensibility, matched the artistic ambitions of the group perfectly.
		One of the earliest color processes, the autochrome was not only difficult but time consuming, requiring several stages of development and careful registration alignments; the final product was a colored glass plate meant to be seen illuminated from behind.
	www.metmuseum.org /TOAH/hd/pict/hod_55.635.12.htm (146 words)

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