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Topic: Autoignition temperature

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	Autoignition temperature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The autoignition temperature of a substance is the lowest temperature at which a chemical will spontaneously combust in a normal atmosphere, without an external source of ignition, such as a flame or spark.
		The lowest temperature at which a substance will ignite in the presence of an external source of ignition is known as its flash point.
		Autoignition temperatures are measured using the same closed cup apparatus used for measuring flash points.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Autoignition_temperature (172 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		An autoignition element may be a single material or a mixture, granular or compressed, formulated to autoignite at a given temperature.
		The autoignition element must be stable at the upper functioning limit temperature, not decompose or ignite during aging, and still function at the required temperature.
		The autoignition materials serve the purpose of igniting the gas generant of an inflator during a fire before the heat compromises the structural integrity of the inflator housing or causes the gas generant to undergo a chemical or physical change (i.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=03/83373.031009&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (2245 words)

	Flash point - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At this temperature the vapor may cease to burn when the source of ignition is removed.
		Hence it is the temperature which determines the concentration of evaporated flammable liquid in the air under equilibrium conditions.
		Air is compressed until it has been heated above the autoignition temperature of diesel; then the fuel is injected as a high-pressure spray, keeping the fuel-air mix within the flammable limits of diesel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flashpoint (396 words)

	Fahrenheit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thus the unit of this scale, a degree Fahrenheit, is 5/9ths of a kelvin (which is a degree Celsius), and minus 40 degrees Fahrenheit is equal to minus 40 degrees Celsius.
		This change also explains why the body temperature once taken as 96 or 100 °F by Fahrenheit is today taken by many as 98.6 °F (it is a direct conversion of 37 °C, a case of excess precision), although giving the value as 98 °F would be more accurate.
		The Fahrenheit scale was the primary temperature standard for climatic, industrial and medical purposes in most English-speaking countries until the 1960s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fahrenheit (889 words)

	Autoignition
		The earliest investigations of autoignition, during the late 19th century, were aimed at determining the 'autoignition temperature' of a combustible mixture.
		Autoignition will always occur as in the case of no heat losses, yet the autoignition delay time increases relative to the adiabatic case and the eventual temperature is now lower than the adiabatic flame temperature.
		For a constant temperature domain, as the mixing layer evolves from an initial state in which the fuel and oxidizer were separated, the probability density function (pdf) of mixture fraction spreads from initial delta functions to occupy a range of values in mixture fraction space.
	www2.eng.cam.ac.uk /~cnm24/autoignition.htm (8126 words)

	Flash point - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The flash point of a fuel is the lowest temperature at which it can form an ignitable mix with air.
		A slightly higher temperature, the fire point, is defined at which the vapor continues to burn after being ignited.
		As the temperature increases, the vapor pressure increases.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flash_point (396 words)

	Flameless combustor - Patent 5862858
		Generally, flameless combustion is accomplished by preheating combustion air and fuel gas sufficiently that when the two streams are combined the temperature of the mixture exceeds the autoignition temperature of the mixture, but to a temperature less than that which would result in the oxidation upon mixing being limited by the rate of mixing.
		Thus, reaction in the temperature range between the catalyzed autoignition temperature and the noncatalyzed autoignition temperature is mass-transfer limited, at a rate that is relatively independent of temperature.
		The non-catalyzed and catalyzed autoignition temperatures as measured are summarized in the TABLE, with the measured non-catalyzed or catalyzed autoignition temperature referred to as the measured autoignition temperature.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5862858.html (4233 words)

	Electrical Contractor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The ambient temperature of the air surrounding the ignitable material, and the temperatures of the ignitable material and of the electrical equipment in the general area of the material must be considered.
		Temperature is a major factor in area classification, because too much heat added to an ignitable material can cause the material to autoignite without any kind of external energy.
		The actual definition of autoignition temperature is âthe minimum temperature required to initiate or cause self-sustained combustion of a solid, liquid, or gas independently of a heated element.â As more heat is added to the material, less energy is required from an outside source to provide ignition of the material.
	www.ecmag.com /editorial_detail.aspx?id=382 (896 words)

	Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
		The apparatus used to determine the effect of pressure on the autoignition temperature consists of a cylindrical stainless-steel vessel of half litre volume, which can be uniformly electrically heated.
		The temperature inside the vessel is measured with a thermocouple, the pressure is measured with a piezoresistive pressure transducer.
		Because of the high heat capacity of the vessel it is not feasible to determine the AIT by varying the temperature at a given pressure.
	www.ptb.de /de/org/3/34/341/goedde.htm (503 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Autoignition Temperature: The autoignition temperature is the lowest temperature at which a liquid will ignite without an external ignition source.
		Flashpoint: This is the minimum temperature of a liquid at which sufficient vapor is given off to form an ignitable mixture with the air, either near the surface of the liquid or within the vessel used.
		Such a cabinet is designed and constructed to limit the internal temperature to no more than 325° F from the center of the cabinet to within 1 inch of the top of the cabinet when subjected to a 10-minute fire test.
	www.ohsonline.com /Stevens/OHSPub.nsf/Articles2/9DED27CB85B5267086256FB70072BC2F?OpenDocument (1603 words)

	ScienceDaily: Methane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		At room temperature and pressure methane is a colourless, odourless gas.
		When used to produce any of these chemicals, methane is first converted to synthesis gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, by steam reforming.
		Apart from gas fields an alternative method of obtaining methane is via biogas generated by the fermentation of organic matter including manure, wastewater sludge, municipal solid waste, or any other biodegradable feedstock, under anaerobic conditions.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/methane (2051 words)

	The MSDS HyperGlossary: Autoignition
		The autoignition temperature of a substance is the temperature at or above which a material will spontaneously ignite (catch fire) without an external spark or flame.
		The equipment for determining an autoignition temperature is very similar to that used for flash point determinations.
		Knowing a substance's autoignition temperature is also very useful in the event of a fire.
	www.ilpi.com /msds/ref/autoignition.html (209 words)

	Chilworth Technology - FLAMMABILITY TESTING
		The flash point of a liquid is the lowest temperature at which sufficient vapor is evolved to form a flammable mixture in air at standard atmospheric pressure.
		The autoignition temperature (AIT) of a substance is the lowest temperature at which the material will spontaneously ignite in the absence of an external ignition source, such as a spark or flame.
		The autoignition temperature may be used to specify operating, storage, and materials handling procedures for a material.
	www.chilworth.com /lab_flam.cfm (1561 words)

	WHMIS: What You Need to Know
		In many instances, an increase in temperature creates a more hazardous condition because of the increase in the rate at which vapours are evolved.
		This is the lowest temperature of the liquid at which it gives off enough vapour to form an ignitible mixture of vapour and air immediately above the liquid surface.
		The autoignition temperature of a substance is the minimum temperature required to initiate or cause self-sustained combustion, in the absence of a spark or flame.
	www.utoronto.ca /safety/WHMIS/whmis4.htm (653 words)

	Ignition Temperature of Gasoline
		It is the temperature at which a mixture of flammable vapor and air would ignite without a spark or flame.
		The term ignition temperature is also used to describe the temperature of a hot surface that would cause flammable vapors to ignite.
		The ignition temperature is affected by the chemical properties of the flammable liquid.
	hypertextbook.com /facts/2003/ShaniChristopher.shtml (404 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The effect of increased combustion temperature in near adiabatic operation on formation of oxides of nitrogen in the described engines is more than offset by the very short residence time at the high gas temperatures due to the very fast process operation.
		The ignition temperatures of the igniter in conventional internal combustion piston engines normally operate between 800 and 900 degrees Celsius to keep themselves clean, but it is not uncommon that much lower temperatures are encountered in operation.
		The combustion gas temperatures are far higher than the values shown in the figure, which correspond to the exhaust gas temperatures of the described positive displacement engine without power recovery.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=00/73628.001207&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (12656 words)

	Ignition Temperature of Diesel Fuel
		Autoignition Temperature (°C) Diesel fuel is derived from crude oil.
		Air is compressed until it is heated above the autoignition temperature of diesel.
		Autoignition temperature is the temperature at which a substance can be brought to flames without any sort of external force, such as a flame or spark.
	hypertextbook.com /facts/2005/EileenTang.shtml (320 words)

	Pyrophoric Materials Handbook: Chapter 1
		The autoignition temperature of a substance, whether solid, liquid, or gaseous, is defined [11] as the lowest temperature required to initiate or cause self-sustained combustion in the absence of a spark or flame.
		In a study of the ignition temperature of various papers, woods, and fabrics, Graf [25] had tested numerous samples that had exothermic reactions in which the rate of heat generation in the sample was considerable, but there was no visible combustion until a higher temperature was reached.
		He defined the ignition temperature of a material as "that temperature at which the rate of heating in the substance being testing exceeds the rate of heating induced by the external source of heat and has visible combustion in the form of a glow or flame as an end result".
	saber.towson.edu /~schmitt/pyro/chapter1.html (1770 words)

	Sealing Flamable Liquids - Enercon Industries - Induction Capless and Cap Sealing Systems
		A product will not ignite until it reaches its autoignition temperature, which in the case of acetone, is 869 degrees Fahrenheit.
		Normally the autoignition temperature is several hundreds of degrees higher than the flash point temperature.
		While the temperature of the foil innerseal may reach temperatures of several hundreds of degrees Fahrenheit, it will always be well below the autoignition temperature of the product being packaged.
	www.enerconind.com /sealing/eLibrary/techArt/sealingFlamableLiquids.html (480 words)

	NREL: Advanced Vehicles & Fuels Research - Advanced Petroleum-Based Fuels
		The autoignition temperature is the lowest temperature at which the spontaneous ignition (without an ignition source) of a mixture of air and fuel will occur.
		The Reid vapor pressure is a measure of the tendency of the fuel to evaporate.
		The vapor pressure is a measure of the tendency of the fuel to evaporate.
	www.nrel.gov /vehiclesandfuels/apbf/progs/glossary.cgi (3731 words)

	EDL
		Flammability limits refer to the range of compositions, for fixed temperature and pressure, within which an explosive reaction is possible when an external ignition source is introduced.
		Explosion limits usually refer to the range of pressure and temperature for which an explosive reaction at a fixed composition mixture is possible.
		Explosion limits are given in terms of a minimum autoignition temperature (AIT) for ignition of fuel injected into hot air.
	www.galcit.caltech.edu /EDL/public/flammability.html (1234 words)

	U.S. EPA: Detailed Questions about Flammable Refrigerants
		Since the autoignition temperature of HFC-134a is lower than that of hydrocarbon refrigerants such as HC-12a® and DURACOOL 12a®, doesn't that mean that HFC-134a is more flammable than these hydrocarbons?
		Autoignition temperature is a distinct measure from flammability limits in air.
		Certain documents claim that because the autoignition temperature of HFC-134a is below 750 degrees Celsius (1382 degrees Fahrenheit), it is flammable, and because the autoignition temperature of hydrocarbon refrigerant blends such as HC-12a® is above 750 degrees Celsius, it is nonflammable.
	www.epa.gov /ozone/snap/refrigerants/hc12alng.html (3608 words)

	Autoignition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Autoignition or spontaneous combustion occurs when a substance reaches its ignition temperature without the application of external heat.
		Autoignition Temperature (AUTI.T) The autoignition (or ignition) temperature of a substance -solid, liquid, or gas - is the minimum temperature required to initiate self- sustained combustion, in the absence of spark or flame.
		Some ignition temperatures can be quite low (for example, carbon disulfide at 90C (194F).
	www.mimas.ac.uk /crossfire/webhelp/beilstein/brefhtml/auti.htm (81 words)

	19. Physical properties of chemicals
		The minimum autoignition temperature is the temperature at which a material will autoignite when it contacts a surface at that temperature.
		For the smaller hydrocarbons the autoignition temperature is inversely related to molecular weight, but it also increases with carbon chain branching.
		When a compound is subjected to conditions around the critical point (which is defined as the temperature at which the gas will not revert to a liquid regardless how much pressure is applied), the properties of the supercritical fluid become very different to the liquid or the gas phases.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/sci/chem-faq/part5/section-1.html (2441 words)

	US EPA - CMOP - VAM - Technical Overview
		Close to the reactor's center, the methane reaches autoignition temperature, oxidizes, and produces heat to be transferred to the near side of the bed before exiting.
		Temperature at the core reaches 1832 °F (1000 °C) plus the adiabatic temperature rise, and then decreases as the heat exchanger removes heat from the unit.
		The desorber increases the temperature of the medium, causing it to release the concentrated organic material into a low volume, inert gas stream.
	www.epa.gov /outreach/cmop/vam/overview.html (2229 words)

	Paratherm Tip Sheet Archive
		The lowest temperature at which a heated liquid's vapors when mixed with air can be ignited ("flashed") by a flame or spark, or other ignition source.
		The lowest temperature at which a heated liquid's vapors burn continuously when combustion is supported by ignition sources such as the above.
		When the vapor/air mixture reaches a temperature sufficient to self ignite, the observed temperature is the Autoignition Point.
	www.paratherm.com /tipsheets/tipsheet_flash_fire.asp (618 words)

	EGE - Information Updates - Glycol Ethers Process Safety Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The autoignition temperature is the minimum temperature at which a flammable mixture will ignite as a vapor in air without an ignition source such as a flame or a spark.
		The temperature reduction is dependent on the specific alkali, its concentration and the specific glycol ether(s).
		A second route to ignition at temperatures below the "standard" AIT is via self-heating of glycol ethers in absorbent media such as insulation or spill control materials.
	www.egep.org /safety.htm (1150 words)

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