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Topic: Automatism

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	Surrealist automatism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Automatism is a surrealist technique involving spontaneous writing, drawing, or the like practiced without conscious aesthetic or moral self-censorship.
		Automatism in Surrealism has taken on many forms, from the automatic writing and drawing initially practiced by surrealists, to similar, or perhaps parallel phenomena, such as the non-idiomatic improvisation of free jazz [1].
		Surrealist automatism is different from mediumistic automatism, from which the term was inspired.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Surrealist_automatism (260 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Automatism
		Automatism is the practice or theory of the spontaneous production of words (speech or writing), drawing, painting or other creative production, or behavior in general, without conscious self-control or self-censorship.
		Mediumistic automatism, in which the speech, writing or behaviour produced is purported to be communicated from ghosts, spirits or the like, channeling through a psychic or medium For other meanings of medium, see medium (disambiguation).
		Automatism rests on the idea that the person acts without thought, but if it is the case that many everyday actions are carried out automatically without there being any distinctive thinking process involved, this situation is not as exceptional as the defence suggests.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Automatism (730 words)

	Automatism - LoveToKnow 1911
		In philosophical terminology this word is used in two main senses: (I) in ethics, for the view that man is not responsible for his actions, which have, therefore, no moral value; (2) in psychology, for all actions which are not the result of collation or conscious endeavour.
		Motor Automatism, on the other hand, is a non-reflex movement of a voluntary muscle, executed in the waking state but not controlled by the ordinary waking consciousness.
		A parallel case to Automatic Writing is the action of the speech centres, resulting in the production of all kinds of utterances from trance speeches in the ordinary language of the speaker to mere unintelligible babblings.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Automatism (507 words)

	Surrealist automatism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Surrealist automatism is spontaneous writing, drawing, or the like practiced withoutconscious aesthetic or moral self-censorship.
		Automatism has taken a great many forms, from the automatic writing that was the initial automatism practiced by surrealism to later adapations to the computer.
		Surrealist automatism is to be distinguished from mediumistic automatism, by which it was inspired: ghosts,spirits or the like are not purported to be the source of its automatic messages.
	www.therfcc.org /surrealist-automatism-1189.html (222 words)

	C. Lloyd Morgan: Introduction to Comparative Psychology: Chapter 11: Automatism and Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		If we thus regard the cerebral hemispheres as constituting the organic mechanism of control,, and the pyramidal tract the channel by means of which control is brought to bear lower centres of co-ordination, we must also unquestionably regard the apparatus as delicately diffeientiated, and the differentiations as transmitted by inheritance.
		In automatic acts, in so far as they are accompanied by consciousness, such consciousness is a mere spectator, but in controlled activities consciousness is more than a spectator-it takes the helm and guides.
		It may be that these phenomena of the hypnotic state are partly caused by some at' present unexplained influence on control centres, which may have for their function the augmentation or inhibition of the activity of those cerebral centres which are concerned in sense-experience.
	spartan.ac.brocku.ca /~lward/Morgan/Morgan_1903/Morgan_1903_11.html (6900 words)

	Automatism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Automatism is the practice or theory of the spontaneous production of word s (speech or writing), drawing, painting or other creative production, or behavior in general, without conscious self-control or self-censorship.
		There are two types of automatism: mediumistic automatism, in which the speech, writing or behaviour produced is purported to be communicated from ghosts, spirits or the like, channeling through a psychic or medium, and surrealist automatism.
		Psychosis: Mental Automatism, Clerambault Historical review on psychosis since the nineteenth century, descriptive catalogue of psychotic symptoms, and the theory of Mental Automatism.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Automatism.html (191 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Automatism and the computer
		The computer, just like the typewriter, can be used to produce automatic writing and automatic poetry.
		The surrealist practice of automatic drawing, originally performed with pencil or pen and paper, has also been adapted to mouse and monitor, and other automatic methods have also been either adapted from non-digital media, or invented specifically for the computer.
		In 2003 Richard Genovese adapted Manchando photographs, the production of which is automatic or automatistic, to the computer.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Automatism-and-the-computer (337 words)

	Automatism (law) Encyclopedia Article @ BornYesterday.com (Born Yesterday) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the Criminal Law, automatism is a defence to liability.
		Except in the case of strict liability offences, a crime must contain two elements: the actus reus or "guilty act", and the mens rea or "guilty mind".
		Nevertheless, some care is required in invoking automatism where the statutory defences of insanity or diminshed responsibility might also be relevant.
	www.bornyesterday.com /encyclopedia/Automatism_(law) (1034 words)

	Asif Tufal
		The defence of automatism was left to the jury and the defendant was acquitted.
		The Court of Appeal held that the defence of automatism should not have been left to the jury and that the state described as "driving without awareness" was not capable of founding a defence of automatism.
		The trial judge directed the jury that the defence of automatism was not available to the defendant because his automatism had been self-induced, and the defendant was convicted under s18.
	www.lawteacher.net /Criminal/General%20Defences/Automatism%20Cases.htm (1071 words)

	DEFINITIONS - Response to the 14th Report of the Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights - Review of the Mental ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Automatism was defined as "a state of unconsciousness that renders a person incapable of consciously controlling their behaviour while in that state."
		The case proceeds in same manner as any other section 16 – case the defence must prove, on a balance of probabilities, that the accused suffered from a mental disorder that rendered him or her incapable of appreciating the nature and quality of the act.
		Automatism remains a rare and unusual event, and given the Supreme Court of Canada decision in Stone there is no pressing need for codification.
	canada.justice.gc.ca /en/dept/pub/tm_md/definitions.html (2019 words)

	Automatic Writing/verbal automatism @ www.surrealcoconut.com
		The author hopes that this collection of automatic writing is perceived not as an "Art" or "fantasy" book, but instead as a chronology of poetic images to be used in the exploration of human subjectivity.
		Automatic writing, ever since it was first systematically implemented by the first surrealists in the early twentieth century, has for many years provided a valid alternative to a busy world whose various forms of daily thinking tend to follow logical, rational and often utilitarian trends.
		The worth of automatism, verbal or otherwise, resides in its unabridged poetic content, in its ability to make a psychologically uncensored photograph of the mind as it triumphs over its obstacles, in its effort to tap the subconscious roots of human existence.
	www.surrealcoconut.com /book.html (995 words)

	Surrealist automatism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Automatism has taken a great forms from the automatic writing that was the initial automatism practiced surrealism to later adapations to the computer.
		Surrealist automatism is to be distinguished from mediumistic automatism by which it was inspired: ghosts spirits or the like are not to be the source of its automatic
		Some Romanian surrealists invented a number of surrealist techniques (such as cubomania entopic graphomania and movement of liquid down a vertical surface) purported to take automatism to an absurd the name " surautomatism " implies that the methods "go beyond" but this position is controversial.
	www.freeglossary.com /Automatic_equation (528 words)

	E Law - Sleepwalking: Insanity or Automatism
		Medical evidence in some recent cases would tend to refute the traditional assumption of common law courts that sleepwalking is the classic example of automatism; it appears that it may be more appropriate to think of it as a mental abnormality and thus forming the basis for a plea of insanity.
		To the extent that R v Falconer[18] is cited as authority for the proposition that sleepwalking is a self-evident example of an automatism, it is clearly not correct.
		Were evidence along those lines to be led in the trial, it would seem difficult in the extreme to resist the submission that as a matter of law, sleepwalking should be treated as a mental disease or natural mental infirmity within the meaning of s.27 of the present Queensland Code.
	www.murdoch.edu.au /elaw/issues/v3n1/ridgway.html (4212 words)

	The K-Zone: automatism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In English law the distinction between automatism and Insanity is drawn on the basis of internal and external factors, and is somewhat archaic.
		In an archetypal automatism case, Denning LJ classed sleepwalking as a type of automatism; more recently it has had to be reclassified as `insanity' because of the lack of an external factor.
		Automatism may be a defence against a criminal charge, but not if the defendant was responsible for the situation that gave rise to the automatism (see: RVQuick1973).
	www.kevinboone.com /PF_lawglos_Automatism.html (138 words)

	Tate \| Glossary \| Automatism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Automatism is the same as free association, the method used by Freud to explore the unconscious mind of his patients.
		Surrealist collage, invented by Max Ernst, was the first form of visual automatism, in which he put together images clipped from magazines, product catalogues, book illustrations, advertisements and other sources to create a strange new reality.
		In painting various forms of automatism were then developed by artists such as Miro, Masson as well as Ernst.
	www.tate.org.uk /collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=37 (201 words)

	Some Rants and Notes about Automatic Poetic Practices in the 21st Century
		With automatism, or automatic writing, in particular, the goal is not “therapy” or any kind of mysticism (religious or otherwise), but a liberation of thought, as it is written down word by word as quickly as possible.
		For this reason, automatic writing (and other forms of automatism, such as the visual kind) is highly prized by surrealists as a technique of liberating the human psyche when it is temporarily visible in its nakedness, without the interference from moral or rationalistic filters.
		However, to run away from the poetic experience (and automatism, in particular), simply because of the mishaps of some individuals, is the same as “throwing the baby out with the bathwater,” amounting to nothing but a reactionary and ineffective response to the problem.
	www.surrealcoconut.com /automatic_writing/about_automatism.htm (6246 words)

	Alibris: Automatism
		Automatic writing is the practice of receiving written messages channeled through your own energy and that of higher intelligences.
		Originally published in 1899, this account of recent investigations regarding hypnotism, automatism, dreams, phantasms, and related phenomena is accurate enough for scientists and simple enough for lovers of "ghost stories." On a thread of theory and discussion Dr. Mason links many startling examples from his own professional experience and from...
		Studies of deep-trance automatic scripts and the bearing of intentional actions by the trance personalities on the question of human survival.
	www.alibris.com /search/books/subject/Automatism (664 words)

	LawTeacher.net by Asif Tufal, Automatism
		On the basis of that evidence the defence contended that the respondent was in a state of automatism at the time of the accident and was therefore not to be regarded as driving at all.
		Professor Brown described to the court a condition known as ‘driving without awareness’ and on the basis of his evidence it was contended for the defence that the respondent was in a state of automatism at the time of the accident and was therefore not to be regarded as driving at all.
		Mr Jones QC submits that automatism as a defence in a driving case arises only where there is such total destruction of voluntary control that the defendant cannot be said to be driving at all.
	www.lawteacher.net /Criminal/General%20Defences/Automatism%20Case.htm (2531 words)

	Automatism
		Automatic gorging on innocent blood, automatic messaging with URL - gloating, automatic instruments to sway the electorate.
		No avoiding the horrors of premeditated American warfare, Bush’s political and economic lies, and the legions of injustices imposed by the Coalition.
		One can trace the automatism of chaos in Iraq to Bush’s paranoiac-critical view, if one can call it a view, of creation.
	www.davidlawrencecade.com /Automatism.html (694 words)

	ISS: Motor Automatism: Frederic W. H. Myers
		Let us, then, consider such motor automatisms as are at any rate not morbid in their effect on the organism, and which I now have to show to be evolutive in character.
		There is something of this difficulty even in the explanation of messages given when the hands of two persons are touching a planchette; but when the instrument of response is large, and the method of response simple, as with table-tilting, we find this question of the influence of more minds than one imperatively recurring.
		It may, however, be supposed that his subliminal self had received the information of the death telepathically, had transmitted it in a deliberately modified form to his daughter, while it remained latent in himself, and had afterwards influenced his supraliminal self to modify the information in the same way when writing to her.
	www.survivalafterdeath.org /articles/myers/automatism.htm (8310 words)

	automatism (art) - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about automatism (art) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the arts, an act of creation which either allows chance to play a major role or which draws on the unconscious mind through free association, states of trance, or dreams.
		Automatism was fundamental to surrealism, whose practitioners experimented with automatic writing and automatic drawing, producing streams of words or doodles from the unconscious.
		It has been taken up by other abstract painters, such as the Canadian Automatistes, a group working in Montréal in the 1940s, and the abstract expressionist Jackson Pollock.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /automatism%20%28art%29 (143 words)

	Montélis® Self automatism + infinity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Self automatism is the capacity of machines to perform themselves with less or no human direct interactions in a determined system over time.
		A self automated system develops what is a called a differential function of power.
		A self automated system has a growing memory, a data storage expanding itself in time with the datas issued from statistics.
	www.montelismineralwater.com /self_automatism.htm (428 words)

	Volume 45(1) Automatism Confined (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		To displace that presumption and benefit from a defence of non-insane automatism, the accused must, first, satisfy an unusually weighty evidential burden before the trial judge and, second, meet a legal burden by persuading the jury on the balance of probabilities.
		The initial presumption that automatism results from mental disorder is far removed from medical understanding of the subject.
		The majority states that a defence of non-insane automatism would be good only if the average person would have reacted to the external events in the same way.
	www.journal.law.mcgill.ca /abs/vol45/1healy.html (659 words)

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