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	MilSpec Communications: Fundamentals of Automatic Link Establishment (ALE)
		Automatic Link Establishment (ALE) is the principle where a specialized radio modem, known as an ALE adaptive controller, is assigned the task of automatically controlling an HF receiver and transmitter in order to establish the highest quality communication link with 1 or multiple HF radio stations.
		Link establishment is dependent on many factors and is fully optimized by the use of a micro computer in the ALE controller.
		ALE controllers conform to MIL-STD-188-141A link establishment functions and perform encoding and decoding of data by the use of an 8-ARY binary FSK modulator/demodulator.
	www.milspec.ca /modems/ale.html (652 words)

	About HF SSB Radio Equipment: Mobat, Micom Long Range Two-Way SSB Radios, HF Transceiver, Manpack
		This frequency variation is required to compensate for the changed geometric angle between points A and B caused by the expansion and constriction of the ionosphere.
		The automatic link establishment feature within the DSP determines which is the best operating frequency for that time of day by establishing and maintaining automatic link quality assessments among all the stations within the network.
		Automatic Vehicle Location — The United States and South American host governments are electronically map tracking over 320 drug interdiction riverine patrol boats operating throughout the Amazon basin utilizing the Micom 2E AVL feature.
	www.royal-communications.com /pages/hfssb_today.html (1196 words)

	FOREWORD
		The purpose of this document is to establish technical performance and interface parameters in the form of firm requirements and optional design objectives (DO) that are considered necessary to ensure interoperability and interface of new long-haul and tactical radio systems in the medium frequency (MF) band and in the high frequency (HF) band.
		It is also the purpose of this document to establish a level of performance for new radio equipment as is considered necessary to satisfy the requirements of the majority of users.
		Because this protection is applied to the link establishment function, LP is a data link layer function in terms of the Seven Layer Reference Model.
	militarycomms.tripod.com /mil-std-188-141-b/index.htm (6715 words)

	radio glossary
		automatic link establishment - In high-frequency (HF) radio, the capability of a station to make contact, or initiate a circuit, between itself and another specified radio station, without human intervention and usually under processor control.
		A coherent emission having a relatively narrow spectral content, e.g., a radio emission from another transmitter at approximately the same frequency, or having a harmonic frequency approximately the same as, another emission of interest to a given recipient, and which impedes reception of the desired signal by the intended recipient.
		linking protection - In adaptive high-frequency (HF) radio, protection intended to prevent the establishment of unauthorized links or the unauthorized manipulation of legitimate links, and which are administered through an authorization process.
	www.yenra.net /glossary/search.html?q=radio (9369 words)

	[No title]
		Because automatic interconnection eliminates the need for an operator to connect calls, we are also eliminating the requirement to have an FCC-licensed radio operator at the control point of each radiotelephone public coast station.
		Because these stations provide a vital, internationally allocated link between vessels at sea and the PSN, we tentatively conclude that the public interest would be best served by providing for their continued operation while, at the same time, reducing implementation barriers for regional licensees.
		We propose to establish a presumption that regional licensees are telecommunications carriers.
	wireless.fcc.gov /auctions/20/releases/fc970217.txt (17823 words)

	Automatic link establishment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		ALE techniques include automatic signaling, selective calling, and automatic handshaking.
		Other automatic techniques that are related to ALE are channel scanning and selection, link quality analysis (LQA), polling, sounding, message store-and-forward, address protection, and anti-spoofing.
		In HF radio, a link control system that includes automatic scanning, selective calling, sounding, and transmit channel selection using link quality analysis data.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Automatic_link_establishment (154 words)

	SC-160 HF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Antenna tuning is completely automatic, with the tuner typically matching the antenna to the operating frequency in less than 2 seconds.
		Adaptive Calling is a proprietary Automatic Link Establishment option which provides the best features of the MIL-STD-ALE at reduced costs and faster operating speed.
		Provisions for sounding and determining link quality based on bit error rate (BER) and SINAD ensure that optimum channels are selected.
	www.jaafarint.com /sc-160_hf.htm (996 words)

	ALE Overview
		The link may be terminated by either party or may terminate by lack of activity by one party.
		The basic ALE process is similar to a voice call made by a human operator, except it is accomplished by the ALE controllers using a series of tones, with meaning to the receiving station(s).
		If calling another station and contact (link) is not established on the best frequency as determined by the current LQA data, the call will be attempted on the second best channel, etc. or until the number of tries (call attempts) has been exceeded.
	www.hfindustry.com /ale.html (1472 words)

	The Btown Monitoring Post: HFLINK SPECIAL BULLETIN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		All ham radio operators worldwide are invited to participate in 10 days of amateur radio HF-ALE Automatic Link Establishment activity on the air.
		The ALE link must then be followed by communication either by voice or texting in any mode.
		It is a chance for operators to explore the various operational aspects of ALE that may not be utilised otherwise in a more structured organisation ALE network.
	monitor-post.blogspot.com /2006/10/hflink-special-bulletin.html (592 words)

	Monteria receiver control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Sound bites from the same source (frequency, ID code) can be automatically chained together and played back as if it was a single recording.
		The data link between the radio server and Spectrum Dominator requires a TCP/IP connection with a minimum bandwidth of 28.8 kbps.
		The Automatic Link Establishment (ALE) option adds the ability to analyze a received Mil-Std 188-141A HF ALE signal to identify link and network stations.
	www.monteriallc.com /spectrum/dominator_feat.htm (900 words)

	Official Emergency Stations -- Automatic Link Establishment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Automatic Link Establishment, ALE, is a technique for maximizing the effectiveness of communications between to equipped High Frequency radio stations by testing and determining the frequency at which propagation is most effective between the two stations.
		Automatic link establishment is a robust, adaptive HF radio method for automatically establishing communications, networking, linking protection, high-speed data modems, and basic HF radio parameters over HF single sideband (SSB) links.
		The ALE controller can be programmed to scan one or more frequencies, pick the best frequency for operation, and switch to voice or data operation immediately upon link establishment (High Frequency Radio Automatic Link Establishment, ALE, Application Handbook, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, NTIA).
	www.pgh-net.com /oes/ale.html (227 words)

	Automatic sounding - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In telecommunication, automatic sounding is the testing of selected channels or paths by providing a very brief beacon-like identifying broadcast that may be used by other stations to evaluate connectivity, propagation, and availability, and to identify known working channels for possible later use for communications or calling.
		Automatic soundings are primarily intended to increase the efficiency of the automatic link establishment (ALE) function, thereby increasing system throughput.
		Sounding information is used for identifying the specific channel to be used for a particular ALE connectivity attempt.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Automatic_sounding (117 words)

	Data Link Processor R&S GS2200
		Two different procedures are available for the ALE (automatic link establishment) radio link processor; these are ALIS and ALE to MIL-STD-188-141B.
		Using the Rohde and Schwarz automatic radio link setup and continuous link quality monitoring procedure of ALIS (automatic link setup) with the RandS XK2000 transceiver family, unequalled operating features are provided:
		Automatic error correction (ARQ or PRP) and adaptive response during message transmission, either at a data rate of 228 bit/s (normal FSK modulation, basic feature) or with additional HF data modem up to 9600 bit/s
	www.rohde-schwarz.com /www/dev_center.nsf/html/gs2200 (245 words)

	MIL 188-141 A - ALE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This system allow to automate the process of setting up a circuit on HF achieving a high percentage of first time link-up.
		The ALE controller (Automatic Link Establishment) system Mil Std 188-141A is designed to establish one to one/one to many links and once the link is is established the controller has the option of passing data in a low speed manner using its internal provisions.
		Alternatively it may be switched manually or automatically to a different modem for high speed FSK-PSK data, or voice.
	www.scancat.com /CODE332New/mil18814ale.htm (183 words)

	Automatic Link Establishment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		ALE is the latest thing in automated radio operation, using synchronous multifrequency shift keying to pass data over USB voice channels.
		Red blobs are the 8 tones, in 250-Hz steps beginning at 750, with a duration of 8 ms.
		The wave form at the top shows ALE's remarkably constant amplitude, even with ionospheric distortions.
	www.ominous-valve.com /ale.html (73 words)

	Telestra Simulated HF / ALE Communications Environment
		Based on established communications industry standards and algorithms, ASTi's HF environment serves up appropriate HF band effects (time-of-day, time-of-year, global location, solar cycle, skip and bounce) to produce accurate path loss factors for every transmitter/receiver pair in the simulation exercise.
		ALE provides "Link Quality Assessment", a complex and continuous series of polling and RF tests which determine the optimum transmission frequencies at any given time.
		In addition, the ability to establish point-to-point links, net and group call capabilities are also provided.
	www.asti-usa.com /hfale/index.html (411 words)

	ALE Monitoring - N2UHC's radio stuff
		ALE, or Automatic Link Establishment, is a system used to establish quick voice or data links on HF radio nets.
		When the PC-ALE program detects a link being made like this, the program will automatically stop scanning and will record the audio on the channel to a.wav file if the record function is enabled.
		This allows unattended monitoring of ALE nets and automatic recording of stations when they link for communication.
	www.geocities.com /n2uhc/ale.html (1129 words)

	iB::Topic::ALE On-The-Air Week 'AOTAW 2006'
		ALE is the humorous acronym for the lofty-sounding Automatic Link Establishment.
		The two stations' ALE controllers automatically handshake to confirm that a link is established and they are ready to communicate.
		If a station is on 14251, and the ALE link seeks to establish on 14250, it will do so, regardless of the presence of a signal one kilohertz away.
	www.qrz.com /ib-bin/ikonboard.cgi?act=ST&f=3&t=132430 (6448 words)

	ALE On The Air Week 13-23 October 2006:
		All ham radio operators worldwide are invited to participate in 10 days of amateur radio Automatic Link Establishment activity on VHF and HF.
		The militaries of the world use it to establish links where there are vast tables of frequencies to pick from.
		Note 4- HFLINK is an international resource: for radio operators using ALE Automatic Link Establishment and Selcall; for the development of communications for organisations, Emergency / Relief networks; and for the development of ALE operating methods applicable to Amateur Radio Service.
	www.eham.net /articles/14976 (2125 words)

	RB192 - ALE - Automatic Link Establishment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Federal Standard 1045 (FS 1045) defines Automatic Link Establishment or ALE as the capability of an HF radio to initiate a circuit between itself and another radio without operator assistance and usually under processor control.
		The controller picks the best available preprogrammed channel, completes all the tuning and handshake work and, when the link is established, waits for operator intervention.
		Besides simple network monitoring and linking, ALE also provides for linking all stations in a network with a single call; or automatically responds to a net, or multiple net, collective call.
	www.qsl.net /n7fan/emcomm/91-92/races-192.htm (376 words)

	Motorola Micom-2E HF ALE Transceiver Product Reviews
		This transceiver is a good choice for ALE Automatic Link Establishment communications.
		A group forum for Amateur ALE, Amateur Radio ALE Automatic Link Establishment, which also covers ALE with the Micom 2E Micom 2R and other similar models is HFLINK group.
		This is probably the best selection is your interests run to Automatic Link Establishment radios (used in a growing number of Federal nets such as SHARES).
	www.eham.net /reviews/detail/2156 (389 words)

	ALE: ALE: Automatic Link Establishment
		Automate Your HF Communications Systems With This User-Friendly Processor from The Original Inventor of ALE
		Compliance with new Automatic Link Establishment (ALE) interoperability standards, combined with over 20 years of prior experience in the development and fielding of HF ALE systems and operator interfaces, make the 309M-1 the best engineered "second generation" ALE control available.
		The 309M-1 includes a host of ALE features which provide advanced system operational capabilities well beyond those guaranteed by compliance with the requirements of the new ALE standards.
	www.rockwellcollins.com /ecat/gs/ALE_PrintFriendly.html (276 words)

	ACIMS Software Development
		DEVSJAVA 2.7 supports model continuity for automatic migration to distributed execution; however distributed classes is not included with this license agreement.
		HLA is a DoD sponsored effort to establish a common technical framework facilitating the interoperability of all types of models and simulations among themselves and with C4I systems.
		If the automatic form does not work (e.g., automatic email is not successful due to incompatibility between email and browser), please fill out the ASCII License Form and mail it to License Agreement Form.
	www.acims.arizona.edu /SOFTWARE/software.shtml (1060 words)

	ALE On The Air QSO Party 13-23 Oct
		The link is only completed when both stations are actually connected via the ALE.
		ALLCALLs (one-way linking) should not be used in AOTAW, and a QSO started by an ALLCALL does not qualify as a valid ALE link.
		It is a chance for operators to explore the various operational aspects of ALE that may not be utilised otherwise.
	www.contesting.com /articles/720 (455 words)

	ALE, not just a malt beverage!
		Just for the list's reference, he passed this link which was very interesting: http://www.chbrain.dircon.co.uk/ This is an ALE sound card decoder for the 2FSK type ALE that sounds like a "turkey gobble" Interesting stuff....
		ALE stands for Automatic Link Establishment, this is a transmission mode that has a very distinctive sound when liistened to in USB and there's little chance of mistaking it for anything else.
		It is used extensively by the US military, but its use is not confined to the military, as Jack has noted it apparently in use by the FBI, and I believe it has been noted by others being used in FEMA nets.
	dxworld.com /ale_wun.html (1311 words)

	Automatic Link Establishment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Using the PCALE software, download from HFLINK group, the number of ham Automatic Link Establishment amateur radio operators has grown from just a handful active in 2001, to the hundreds of...
		FCC rules permitting the use of ham radio Automatic Link Establiehment and SELCALL for Selective Calling and Alerting in the PHONE sub-bands.
		HFLINK, HF-LINK, HF LINK, and the HFLINK Logo are trademarks of HFLINK Bonnie Crystal.
	hflink.com /automaticlinkestablishment/index.html (2350 words)

	Thales
		In summer 2005, Thales was awarded a $32 Million dollar, 10-year Indefinite Delivery Indefinite Quantity contract to upgrade all existing Coast Guard Cutters in the legacy fleet.
		To upgrade the WMEC fleet, Thales delivered its Series 5000 HF system.This upgrade provides the Coast Guard maximum flexibility with the latest integrated and networked shipborne HF technology supporting the newest generation waveforms, including MIL-STD-188-141B Automatic Link Establishment (ALE).
		HF radios provide size and weight reductions over legacy equipment and, with a variety of control applications, allow the Coast Guard the ability to remotely control the Thales HF system from multiple locations, maximizing operational flexibility and reducing workload.
	www.thalescomminc.com /case_series5000.asp (367 words)

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