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Topic: Automatic literal translations

	Castle Associates
		Translation is the creation of a text in one language that means the same thing (or as close to the same thing as possible) as a text in another language.
		In the United States, a certified translation is one that the translator himself or herself certifies as accurate by placing a statement to that effect with his or her signature.
		A literal translation is one in which the basic meaning of the source has been conveyed into the target language, using legitimate target language grammatical structures that are very similar to the source and the direct dictionary equivalents of each word or phrase.
	www.castleassociates.com /faq.html (3172 words)

	Machine translation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Machine translation, sometimes referred to by the acronym MT, is a sub-field of computational linguistics that investigates the use of computer software to translate text or speech in between natural languages.
		For example, to decode the meaning of the source text in its entirety, the translator must interpret and analyse all the features of the text, a process which requires in-depth knowledge of both the grammar, semantics, syntax, idioms, and the like of the source language, as well as the culture of its speakers.
		To translate between closely related languages, a technique referred to as shallow-transfer machine translation may be used.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Machine_translation (1682 words)

	Comparing poem translations \| Ask MetaFilter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		For subsequent translations, you'd search for identical words and use them to assign equivalent index values, modifying the indices of those earlier Translation().Word() variables as necessary.
		It was interesting to look at the way the poem was translated differently to squeeze the life out of it.
		He explores the problems of translation by means of numerous incarnations of Clément Marot's poem "A une Da-moyselle malade," tossing in implications for cognitive science, AI, and culture along the way.
	ask.metafilter.com /31617/Comparing-poem-translations (1025 words)

	A Significant Jubilee Cycle
		This respective law was very literally a part of the constitution of the new government--or the government that ultimately came under control of the Levite priests.
		Because the Torah (as we now read it) was once the literal national law (under the priestly government) it is evident that a jubilee year (a 50th year) would probably have been celebrated in the timeframe when it was written.
		And the jubilees shall pass by, until Israel is cleansed from all guilt of fornication, and uncleanness, and pollution, and sin, and error, and dwells with confidence in all the land...
	www.creation-answers.com /jubilee.htm (10720 words)

	Theodor W. Adorno - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A similar difficulty of translation is true of Hegel, Heidegger, and a number of other German philosophers and poets.
		These fresh translations are less literal in their rendering of German sentences and words, and are more accessible to English readers.
		Adorno's theoretical method is closely related to his understanding of music and Arnold Schoenberg and other contemporary composer's atonal (less so "twelve-tone") techniques (Adorno had studied composition for several years with Alban Berg), which challenged the hierarchical nature of traditional tonality in composition.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Theodor_Adorno (4170 words)

	CONTEXT - This Week in Arts and Ideas from The Moscow Times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Philip Metres and Tatiana Tulchinsky, the translators of "Catalogue of Comedic Novelties," note in their introduction that Rubinstein's work "displaces the authorial presence in favor of conducting a symphony of contemporary discourses." The texts, in other words, are collections of linguistic ready-mades.
		Mattison takes a literal approach to translating Prigov, at times too literal, as when he transliterates the name of the late North Korean dictator as it is written in Russian, Kim Ir Sen, rather than providing the standard English spelling, Kim Il Sung.
		Such fidelity is misplaced in translations of conceptualist writing, however, because it imposes a notion of representation (translation as the mirror of the original) and expression that the poets explicitly reject in their own work.
	context.themoscowtimes.com /stories/2004/05/21/112.html (1338 words)

	The Word of God in English - Leland Ryken
		Functional equivalence: a theory of translation that favors replacing a statement in the original text with a functional equivalent whenever the original phraseology or reference is obscure for a modern reader in the receptor language.
		Essentially literal translation: a translation that strives to translate the exact words of the original-language text in a translation, but not in such a rigid way as to violate the normal rules of language and syntax in the receptor language.
		A translation is transparent to the original text when it reproduces the language, expressions, and customs of the original text; this is the goal of an essentially literal translation.
	www.gnpcb.org /product/1581344643/excerpt (3679 words)

	Translations of Texts of Bach's Vocal Works - Part 3
		The KJ translation has become part of the English language, many of its phrases are known as quotes by non-bible reading persons and they are adopted in literature including some very famed ones where the translation is an inaccurate representation of the original.
		There were printed translations before, during and after Luther's translation, but one main reason that they did not succeed is that they tended to speak more in the language of scholars with a deliberate attempt at uplifting listener or reader rather than speaking directly to common people.
		Add to this the fact that the KJ is a translation of a translation of a translation of a translation in which word meanings change over thousands of years.
	www.bach-cantatas.com /Topics/Translations-3.htm (6743 words)

	Wiktionary:Entry layout explained - Wiktionary
		However, a translation into English should normally be given instead of a definition, including a gloss to indicate which meaning of the English translation is intended.
		The translation section is separated into a number of divisions that are keyed to the various meanings of the English word.
		An idiomatic translation is "nicht dein Bier" (literally, "none of your beer", which is not idiomatic in English).
	en.wiktionary.org /wiki/WT:ELE (3805 words)

	Language in India
		Translation and reference to L1 are not permitted.
		Translation is another helpful device to encourage students to speak in English.
		The students may be given some sentences in their own native language and asked to translate them and use these to answer or ask questions.
	www.languageinindia.com /april2002/tesolbook.html (20400 words)

	translation canada, canada translations, translation services in Canada, Translation Services in Toronto
		Our company's success has been built on strict adherence to the first principles of translation services- use only translators who are competent in their field and who translate into their mother tongue.
		Language Marketplace recognizes that it is not just the word accuracy of a translation that is important but the cultural localization as well, something that only experienced native language speakers can convey.
		Translation programs are fine for single word translation, but they cannot perform contextual translation.
	www.languagemarketplace.com /Translations_Services_Canada.html (712 words)

	ACMRS Online Resources Annotated Beowulf Bibliography
		The first complete, if often mistaken, translation of the poem into any language, by a translator who thought the poem was itself a translation made in the court of King Alfred.
		Literal English prose translation, reprinted in The Norton Anthology and for three decades the source of most American college students' knowledge of the poem.
		A taut, gritty translation in imitative verse, influenced by Ezra Pound, of whose poetry Alexander is a scholar.
	www.asu.edu /clas/acmrs/web_pages/online_resources/online_resources_annotated_beowulf_bib.html (5599 words)

	Translations' Business Impact (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The nuanced translation of business materials and corporate culture are necessary for success in the global marketplace, says Sloan Friedman, president of SRF Global Translations, which specializes in certified multilanguage translations for multinational companies.
		SRF Global Translations' translators of Japanese see a certain amount of playfulness, that we in the West seem to have lost, in how the Japanese deal with language, especially foreign language.
		The article does not mention multi-language translation of corporate ethics compliance materials,, says Sloan Friedman President of SRF Global Translations, although corporations are required by Sarbanes-Oxley to translate codes of conduct, ethics codes and other corporate compliance material into the languages of the countries in which they do business and of all of its employees.
	ethicscrisis.com /blog_posts/translations_business_impact (4641 words)

	Amazon.com: A User's Guide To Bible Translations: Making The Most Of Different Versions: Books: David Dewey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		And the ESV provides a literal translation of the Greek noun sarkos ("of the flesh"), while the TNIV translates its probable meaning: "of the sinful nature." Neither translation follows the Greek word order, which is roughly: "Evident now are the works of the flesh," to rephrase the ESV.
		For example, contrast the ESV translation of 1 Corinthians 1.10 with that of the TNIV: "I appeal to you, brothers..." vs. "I appeal to you, brothers and sisters...." Adelphoi is the Greek word for brothers, which is literally translated by the ESV.
		Since meaning-driven translations seek to make the biblical text intelligible to the modern reader, it is not surprising that the vast majority of recent translations are meaning-driven.
	www.amazon.com /Users-Guide-Bible-Translations-Different/dp/0830832734 (1987 words)

	Putting XSL transformations to work
		Templates include literal text that is used in the resulting transform interspersed with directives to include specific data.
		Translation on demand, whether to HTML, XML, or some other form, is recognized as a common use case on an application server.
		The IBM WebSphere Transcoding Publisher provides automatic XSL translation and is capable of rendering XML into several different forms.
	www-106.ibm.com /developerworks/xml/library/x-xsltwork (3616 words)

	Robert Desnos: A Unique French Surrealist Poet--Michael Benedikt, Intro. & Translations
		Similarly, giving the word "scales" an unmodified, stand-alone status in English translation (so that "musical scales" is suggested) would encourage an allusion that seems to us irrelevant to this work, and thus to be avoided--even though there is, to be sure, something quietly virtuosic about this haunting little poem.
		the literal, temperamental delicacy of the rose-bush, which has been throughout history the despair of many rose-growers (including myself), who tend to regard rosebushes as if they were ladies perpetually in a state of distress.
		Poetry in their own right, the translations are exceptionally fresh, vivid, witty, and imbued with the kinds of textural quality and sensual nuance found in the originals.
	members.aol.com /benedit5/index.html (8452 words)

	Systran Translation - Technology, Research Systran, Software translator for foreign language conversion
		During the 1950's, research on performing Automatic Translations, known today as Translation Software or Machine Translation ("MT"), took form in the sense of literal translation, or commonly referred to as as word-for-word translations.
		Automatic Translation becomes available to millions for free.
		Among the features are a built-in dictionary lookup, an intuitive translation toolbar, new linguistic options, and a new interface, all of which result in significantly improved translation quality and increased user productivity.
	translationsoftware4u.com /systran-translation-software.htm (1044 words)

	Alohacyberian of Hawaii - Language Translators -
		Also find foreign language dictionaries and language translators to translate from any of a number of languages to any of the other many languages and a comprehensive source for 150 languages and their translating dictionaries.
		Below are Hawaiian translations using free Hawaiian translators and Hawaiian language dictionaries to translate English to Hawaiian and Hawaiian to English via translator or Hawaiian dictionary.
		To Translate by E-Mail you simply compose the E-mails in your own native language to your French, German, Italian, Spanish, Russian, English or Portuguese speaking friends and also in the CC address of your E-mail.
	home.att.net /~keith.martin/zwordz.html (1701 words)

	Automatic Duck
		Currently, audio pan changes are not translated, but this is largely a non-issue since your finishing workflow will likely involve a separate sound sweetening facility which will bounce its mix right to your Avid finisher for mastering to tape.
		Automatic Duck Pro Import FCP is a powerful plug-in which reads in OMF (and soon AAF) metafile information and converts it to XML to be interpreted by FCP 4.1.
		His early efforts to automate the process are documented at www.wesplate.com/helpful/avid_to_ae/index.html.
	www.lafcpug.org /review_autoduck_loren.html (2589 words)

	Sappho and Lesbian poetry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		When we speak of Sappho, the poet from the island of Lesbos, and her poetry, we are thinking of something very special, a transcendental kind of poetry which is somehow purer, fairer, lovelier than anything else in the Western world.
		The following literal translation is very bland, but poetic translations usually wander from the text and are generally not much better.
		Any translation is the first and primary loss for us, as said in Robert Frost's words: "Poetry is that which is lost in translation." The sounds are gone, and the configuration of sounds into words with the arrangement of the words in patterns.
	community.middlebury.edu /~harris/Translations/Sappho.html (6259 words)

	R. Wooldridge, FRE 480Y Translation: French to English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The automatic translations offered by Google (G) and RerversoPro (RP) illustrate the different levels of difficulty contained within the text.
		Even further removed from the scope of automatic translation is cultural allusion; for example, "la république" referring to the French Republic.
		The prize for the real perle of the automatic translation should probably go to "la passion du père que les fils partagèrent très tôt" = G "the passion of the father whom the wire divided very early" = RP "the passion of the father which the threads shared very early".
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~wulfric/fre480/analyse_petrucciani_trad-auto.htm (504 words)

	translation UK, UK translations, translation services in London, Translation Scotland
		Language Marketplace is committed to providing the highest quality translation services while *guaranteeing the best price to our UK customers.
		No matter how sophisticated or expensive a translation program may be, it has very major limitations.
		We continually test various translation programs to see just how accurate they are.
	www.languagemarketplace.co.uk /Translations_Services_UK.html (798 words)

	"Oh my God! There's an axe in my head."
		Phil Lawrence adds: "The Estonian translation [orig Oh issand, mul on kirves peas] is OK at the rear end but the first part, "Oh issand," translates as "Oh Lord." A better interpretation for "Oh my God," would be, "Oh mu Jumal", or even "Oh minu Jumal," although the second version is rather formal.
		Although the hebrew translation is basically correct, the common modern Hebrew word for a hand-axe is garzen, not ca-sheel.
		This might be a suitable translation for tribes outside the control or knowledge of Sauron (say during one of his long absences) since their objects of veneration were likely dead and/or evil.
	www.yamara.com /axe/index.html (6739 words)

	Peeling a Pomegranate: Earth-based Magickal Judaism - Jewitchery
		These criteria only apply to English translations, and many are directly related to what happens when the Torah and other books are translated to English.
		There are many excellent translations of the Tanack, but like your cards, it just depends on what is important to you and how you intend to use it.
		Another is the balance between accurate translation and poetic license for ease of reading.
	www.peelapom.com /?p=55 (653 words)

	Lengua Translations - Professional Translation Services
		Translation programs are fine for single word translation, but they cannot perform contextual translation.
		Because of this, the meaning of the source text is preserved, you don't have to re-edit your software generated translation, and you are spared the embarrassment of sending off the meaningless jumble of unrelated words and phrases often produced by translation software.
		Modern translation software may, in certain circumstances, be an aid for a specialized translator, but it can never replace the living translator.
	www.lengua.com /software.shtml (458 words)

	Hypetextual features of the Chinese Websites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		That is, most Chinese web designers resort to literal translation from Chinese to English when they design the English websites without considering if those literal translations can be understood correctly by the native English-speaking viewers.
		Let's take the word "management" for example and see how literal translation from Chinese to English could lead to possible misinterpretation of this word.
		The passage in this web page is written to introduce the "Automatic Material Handling System," which, according to the description of the passage, is a complex computerized system used to convey, store, sort, handle, and deliver various sizes of commodities in a warehouse.
	www.auburn.edu /~duangui/hypertextual_features.htm (328 words)

	Systran Translation Software translates foreign Languages Spanish, French, German, Arabic
		SYSTRAN has been a leader in machine translation technology and applications for more than 30 years, developing products for the U.S. intelligence community, the European Union and Fortune 500 companies.
		During the 1950's, research on Automatic Translation, known today as Machine Translation ("MT"), took form in the sense of literal translation, more commonly known as word-for-word translations, without the use of any linguistic rules.
		SYSTRAN continues to set the standard in information and translation technologies as it transforms the new economy into the new multilingual medium.
	www.imagiforce.com /systran-translation-software.htm (750 words)

	Books in Spanish for Kids
		Schertle's excellent English adaptations are not literal translations but poetic re-creations.
		Certain to be one of the most popular of the picture-book translations.
		A Spanish translation of the original Curious George story.
	www.spanishnewyork.com /books-in-spanish-for-kids.html (604 words)

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