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Topic: Automatic memory allocation

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Dynamic memory allocation

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	Dynamic memory allocation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dynamic memory allocation is the allocation of memory storage for use in a computer program during the runtime of that program.
		A dynamically allocated object remains allocated until it is deallocated explicitly, either by the programmer or by a garbage collector; this is notably different from automatic and static memory allocation.
		The main problem for most dynamic memory allocation algorithms is to avoid both internal and external fragmentation while keeping both allocation and deallocation efficient.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dynamic_memory_allocation (365 words)

	Articles - Automatic memory allocation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Automatic variables are variables local to a block are called automatic variables.
		They are automatically allocated on the stack when that block of code is entered.
		Automatic variables will have an undefined value when declared, so it is good practice to initialize it with valid value before using it.
	www.storegolf.com /articles/Automatic_memory_allocation (145 words)

	Patent 4025903
		In case a memory unit is included in the processor, account is taken of this fact and, for all practical purposes, the starting and ending addresses of each module are increased by the memory capacity LMCO of the memory unit in the processor.
		The local memory capacity LMC, which is impressed on the input terminals A1, A2, A3, and A4 of the adder ADR, is reproduced at the output terminals, thus producing a pseudo-or spurious upper limit at the output of the adder.
		Where a memory unit MUNP is installed in the processor and is used as part of the memory bank, the starting capacity, which represents the capacity of that memory unit, may be set in a local memory capacity register LMCRP and the output applied directly to a parallel-to-serial shift register PSSRP as indicated in FIG.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4025903.html (16908 words)

	Automatic Memory Management and Unmanaged Resources in .NET (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Memory leaks are a subset of a more general type of programming error—resource leaks—that share the same cause: the programmer's failure to release an allocated resource.
		Once you allocate an object, it remains allocated until the garbage collector, on the next garbage collection pass, determines that the object is no longer being used.
		As far as memory is concerned, this doesn't normally cause a problem because the runtime will force a garbage collection if it's unable to satisfy a memory allocation request.
	www.informit.com /articles/article.asp?p=100597&redir=1 (1094 words)

	Motivation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Storage allocation has always been an important consideration in computer programming due to the high cost of main memory and the relative abundance and lower cost of
		Program code and data required for execution of a process must reside in main memory to be executed, but main memory may not be large enough to accomodate the needs of an entire process.
		Static allocation assumes that the availability of memory resources and the memory reference string of a program can be predicted.
	cne.gmu.edu /modules/vm/green/intro.html (331 words)

	The GNU C Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Automatic allocation happens when you declare an automatic variable, such as a function argument or a local variable.
		The space for an automatic variable is allocated when the compound statement containing the declaration is entered, and is freed when that compound statement is exited.
		A third important kind of memory allocation, dynamic allocation, is not supported by C variables but is available via GNU C library functions.
	www.owlnet.rice.edu /~efeiv/gnu/libc_22.html (183 words)

	Memory Allocation
		Space is automatically set aside for variables when they are defined, but sometimes you don't know beforehand how many variables you'll need or just how long an array might need to be.
		`Luckily' the memory location that should have been set to zero is likely to be zero anyway.
		'ed space is the only way you have to access that memory: lose it and the memory will be inaccessible.
	www.eng.cam.ac.uk /help/tpl/languages/C/teaching_C/node21.html (604 words)

	Dynamic Memory Allocation and Deallocation
		is allocated (created) when control reaches its declaration, and deallocated (destroyed) when control exits the block in which the variable is declared
		The lifetime of a dynamically allocated variable, therefore, is the time between the execution of the
		When class data members include dynamically allocated arrays or strings, it is essential to provide a destructor to deallocate the arrays before the object goes out of scope
	www.umsl.edu /~subraman/dynamic0.html (700 words)

	The GNU C Library - Memory Allocation
		You need dynamic allocation when the number of memory blocks you need, or how long you continue to need them, depends on the data you are working on.
		When you use dynamic allocation, the allocation of a block of memory is an action that the program requests explicitly.
		Dynamic allocation is not supported by C variables; there is no storage class "dynamic", and there can never be a C variable whose value is stored in dynamically allocated space.
	www.botik.ru /doc/glibc-doc/html/libc_3.html (7397 words)

	Java is Simple
		About half of the bugs in C and C++ programs are related to memory allocation and deallocation.
		Therefore the second important addition Java makes to providing bug-free code is automatic memory allocation and deallocation.
		The runtime environment provides automatic memory allocation and garbage collection so there's less for the programmer to think about.
	www.ibiblio.org /javafaq/course/week1/13.html (258 words)

	Week 17: Oracle Database 10g Top 20 DBA Features (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		These pools occupy fixed amounts of memory in the operating system's memory space; their sizes are specified by the DBA in the initialization parameter file.
		By doing that, however, you may allocate a total SGA more than the available memory—thereby increasing the risk of swapping and paging when the allocation is less than adequate for each pool.
		Automatic Shared Memory Management in Oracle Database 10g allows DBAs to manage system memory more efficiently by dynamically reallocating resources to where they are needed most while enforcing a specified maximum to prevent paging and swapping.
	www.oracle.com /technology/pub/articles/10gdba/week17_10gdba.html (2110 words)

	The Old Joel on Software Forum - Want feedback on new computer language
		Memory is freed when the objects fall out of scope, or when the structure is resized and the memory is no longer needed.
		When objects or variables are declared, memory is allocated on the stack and usually the heap.
		The net result is memory is allocated as needed and cleaned up when no longer required.
	discuss.fogcreek.com /joelonsoftware?cmd=show&ixPost=49148 (2858 words)

	Memory management (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Although, in most cases, the programmer will prefer to allow containers to automatically destroy their children using manage(), the programmer is not required to use manage().
		If a programmer does not need dynamic memory allocation, automatic widgets in class scope may be used.
		One advantage of automatic widgets in class scope is that memory management is grouped in one place.
	gtkmm.sourceforge.net /tutorial/sec-memory.html (554 words)

	Oracle10g Features - Automatic Memory Management
		Oracle10g now has Automatic Memory Management (AMM) in the form of the one-size-fits-all parameter called sga_target, which replaces many individual parameters and automates the allocation of RAM between the data buffers, shared pool, and log buffers.
		It includes in its boundaries the fixed SGA and other internal allocations, the (redo) log buffers, the shared pool, Java pool, streams pool, buffer cache, keep/recycle caches, and if they are specified, the non-standard block size caches.
		MMAN serves as the SGA Memory Broker and coordinates the sizing of the memory components.
	ist.uwaterloo.ca /~baumbach/ORACLE10g/amm.html (426 words)

	Small Memory Allocation
		FIXED ALLOCATION is a very interesting technique, based on allocating all the necessary memory at the beginning of the program and releasing it at the end, so there is no need for temporary or intermediate memory allocations.
		Memory exhaustion is generally strongly related to deallocation (or lack of it) and it will be analyzed later.
		Usually, memory fragmentation is the result of small blocks (usually temporaries) allocating a blocking combination of larger blocks.
	www.developer.com /ws/brew/article.php/3315011 (919 words)

	Memory Allocation and Garbage Collection
		When memory is deallocated there may still be pointers in use to the deallocated memory.
		Automatic garbage collection is usually not as efficient as programmer managed allocation and deallocation.
		In pool allocation, objects are allocated from a pool of large blocks.
	www.bearcave.com /software/garbage.htm (1110 words)

	The GNU C Library - Memory Allocation
		The reason for the two strategies is that it is important to allocate and free small blocks as fast as possible, but speed is less important for a large block since the program normally spends a fair amount of time using it.
		Any system of dynamic memory allocation has overhead: the amount of space it uses is more than the amount the program asks for.
		The allocator compares this against the last address used and against the limit of data space, to determine the fraction of available memory in use.
	www.cs.utah.edu /dept/old/texinfo/glibc-manual-0.02/library_3.html (6010 words)

	PM lecture notes 10 April 1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		When a block or a function is entered, the local nonstatic variables declared inside are automatically allocated on the stack.
		A constructor is automatically called when an object is created; it is the first member function being called.
		A destructor is automatically called when an object dies; it is the last member function being called.
	www.cs.hku.hk /~fcmlau/PM/4-10.html (571 words)

	Hyperlinked ECMA C# Language Specification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In C#, automatic memory management is provided so that developers are freed from this burdensome task.
		In the vast majority of cases, automatic memory management increases code quality and enhances developer productivity without negatively impacting either expressiveness or performance.
		For developers who are generally content with automatic memory management but sometimes need fine-grained control or that extra bit of performance, C# provides the ability to write "unsafe" code.
	www.jaggersoft.com /csharp_standard/8.4.htm (476 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Fortran 90 offers features such as dense matrix and vector operations, automatic memory allocation, operator overloading, optional parameters and more.
		SPARSEM includes FSPAK90, an interface to FSPAK, where all memory allocation is automatic and the number of parameters is reduced to absolute minimum.
		An interesting comparison of compilers was done for a study on the use of f90 as an object-oriented language.
	nce.ads.uga.edu /~ignacy/f90.html (214 words)

	Using Automatic Memory Management (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		By automating memory configuration, you have more time to deal with real application or business issues that affect your enterprise.
		Note that the Max SGA Size parameter was automatically adjusted to conform to the memory granule size Though you had set it to be 261MB originally, the Oracle server automatically changed it to 264MB.
		Once you receive the confirmation notice that the parameter was changed successfully, you'll also notice that memory allocation to some of the SGA components was adjusted automatically.
	www.oracle.com /technology/obe/obe10gdb/manage/memmgmt/memmgmt.htm (563 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Automatic dynamic memory management ("garbage collection" or GC) is an increasingly important feature of modern programming environments, enhancing the composability of software components by devolving responsibility for management of storage away from individual programmers, to detect automatically when allocated storage can be reclaimed, and recycling that storage for further allocation.
		Automatic memory management avoids the problems of manual memory management, which is (programmer-)time consuming and error-prone, and also complicates the interfaces between components (subroutines, libraries, modules, classes) by exposing memory management details ("who is responsible for recycling this memory?").
		Interest in GC has recently intensified with the rise in enterprise application development for the Java and.NET platforms, and the arrival of programming language variants such as real-time Java intended for real-time and embedded applications.
	www.cs.purdue.edu /homes/hosking/690M/desc.html (335 words)

	Small Memory Allocation—Part 2
		Last time [1], the reader was introduced to the memory fragmentation problem in the more general perspective of the small memory allocation subject.
		Because memory is a scarce resource in BREW, you can easily end up in situations when an allocation fails, despite all attempts to deal with MEMORY FRAGMENTATION [1].
		Allocators have to guarantee that all the returned pointers are properly aligned, meaning that, if necessary, extra padding has to be added and/or CHUNK_SZ has to be properly adjusted.
	www.developer.com /ws/brew/article.php/3323091 (1013 words)

	PROGRAMMER, Quick Term Papers, Term papers, 050830
		The alternative to this is programmer-controlled dynamic memory allocation.
		Automatic management is the superior of the two because programmer-controlled management can lead to memory leaks, bugs caused by accidental manipulation of program code and data through pointers, and an overall increase in program complexity.
		C uses very little memory, and so it was perfect for these applications.
	www.quicktermpapers.com /lib/essay?A=netessays&KEYW=Programmer (3276 words)

	memory allocation
		how to allocate memory for big matrix like 20000x20000 in c.
		If this was a matrix on int type, a 20000 x 20000 array would require 1.5Gb of memory, wheras 999x999 only requires 3.8Mb.
		You will have to declare it static, or use dynamic memory allocation.
	forums.devshed.com /t99495/s.html (287 words)

	DIII-D Python Packages
		Python is an open source (free) object oriented scripting language very similar in its scientific applicability to IDL thanks to numerical packages from LLNL and elsewhere.
		One of its strong points is automatic dynamic memory allocation and clean up (data structures can be build, modified, and deleted easily at run time).
		Pyfort -3.2 (pdf, URL)- A program for automatically wrapping Fortran code into python modules (easier to use than swig for fortran and works better with passed arrays).
	fusion.gat.com /~osborne/python_old.html (1819 words)

	Memory Allocation - The GNU C Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Memory Allocation and C: How to get different kinds of allocation in C. Unconstrained Allocation: The
		Allocation Debugging: Finding memory leaks and not freed memory.
		Variable Size Automatic: Allocation of variable-sized blocks of automatic storage that are freed when the calling function returns.
	www.gnu.org /software/libc/manual/html_node/Memory-Allocation.html (90 words)

	A Brief Introduction to Python for Scientific Computing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		It is a fully object oriented language with automatic memory allocation, garbage collection, and an extensive built-in library of modules to perform a variety of general purpose computing tasks.
		Python is open source and available free of charge, which has encouraged a significant community of developers to form around it, as well as spur the creation of a number of add-on modules.
		In addition, Python saves you from having to focus so intently on memory management, which is a frequent cause of bugs in C programming.
	volsung.gotdns.org /gem-website/python_intro.html (1268 words)

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