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Topic: Automatic telephone exchange

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	Dial article - Dial timepiece radio measuring instrument telephony telecommunications - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		In telephony and telecommunications in connection with a telephone, a dial refers, in older telephones, to a rotating disk with 10 numbered finger holes.
		After the first commercial telephone exchange was installed in 1878, the need for a telephone dial became apparent.
		The first commercial installation of a Telephone Dial accompanied the first commercial installation of a 99 line automatic telephone exchange in La Porte, Indiana in 1892, which was based on the 1891 Strowger patent designs.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Dial (678 words)

	1912-1923 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The first experimental public automatic telephone exchange installed in the UK was opened for service at Epsom, Surrey, on 18 May. The equipment used was of the Strowger two-wire type and was supplied and installed by the Automatic Telephone Manufacturing Company Ltd of Liverpool.
		Further Siemens type exchanges were opened at Stockport on 23 August 1919 and at Southampton on 30 June 1923, but the Post Office had decided on the Strowger system as its standard automatic exchange in 1922.
		A telephone conversation by wireless radio was exchanged on 19 August between Sir Samuel Instone of the Instone Air Line from a private residence in London to an aeroplane in flight to Paris.
	www.btplc.com /Thegroup/BTsHistory/1912-1923.htm (3528 words)

	Operation
		The second mode - return (as in the cellular telephone), at first on the keyboard of the secondary telephone is gathered necessary number, and after that the radiojunction is installed and number is issued in the phone line.
		The fulfilment of all remaining functions ensured with the radiohandset SN-868 and the secondary telephone (an entry to memory telephone numbers, intercom, redial, adjustment of loudness etc.) is carried out in the correspondence with the maintenance instructions SN-868 and secondary telephone.
		In a handset of the secondary telephone the notifying discontinuous beep " pi … pi … pi … " Is distributed.
	www.geocities.com /senao_868/es4.htm (1093 words)

	Telephone exchange -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Prior to automation, a telephone exchange (invented by (Click link for more info and facts about Tivadar Puskas) Tivadar Puskas) meant from one to several hundred (Click link for more info and facts about plug boards) plug boards manned by (An agent that operates some apparatus or machine) operators.
		Exchanges based on the strowger switch were challenged by (A horizontal bar that goes across something) crossbar technology.
		Some types of automatic exchanges were Strowger, All Relay, X-Y, Panel and (A horizontal bar that goes across something) Crossbar.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/te/telephone_exchange.htm (2799 words)

	Telephone - FreeEncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Phone lines are usually copper wires which form a circuit between the subscriber and the exchange, although some recent installations may use optical fiber for part of the distance.
		Automatic telephone systems generally use numeric addresses, more commonly known as telephone numbers.
		This is a telephone switch that defines its own local phone number range, which is commonly embedded in a public local phone number range.
	openproxy.ath.cx /te/Telephone.html (724 words)

	"Kvant-E" VEF Telekom
		To organize telephone communication in the regions of natural calamity and inaccessible regions, Kvant - E exchange can be delivered in a container version, supported with transmission systems, power supply, conditioning and cross.
		Kvant - E exchange technical maintenance is rather simple and economical, due to a modular structure, general exchange devices redundancy and intra-exchange system of testing and diagnostics.
		The exchanges operation quality of such network can be supervised by a regional technical maintenance centre, and separate exchanges and remote modules of the given network can operate without permanent assistance of the attendant personnel.
	www.veftelekom.lv /atse_e.htm (497 words)

	The Dubois Telephone Exchange
		The Dubois Telephone Exchange was born of the common and very real needs of small communities in rural America during the 1920s.
		By the mid-1980s, the Dubois Telephone Exchange had acquired Valley Telephone, that served Baggs, Dixon, and Savery, Wyoming, and Slater, Colorado, and was providing full-service digital switching facilities in all exchange areas except Crowheart.
		Range Telephone Cooperative, Inc. is a progressive, subscriber-owned cooperative that, with its noncooperative subsidiaries, Dubois Telephone and RT Communications, serves more than twenty-two thousand customers in four states.
	www.duboistelephone.com /info/history.htm (994 words)

	THE CUSS-LESS, GIRL-LESS TELEPHONE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		By this time the telephone line circuit had been refined to just two wires (like a normal CB manual telephone) and the large dial with oval slot-shaped finger holes was replaced by the small round dial with which we are still familiar.
		Being the first public automatic exchange, Epsom attracted considerable press attention and some detailed descriptions of the technical arrangements of these two exchanges are given in the literature and are therefore not repeated here [see bibliography].
		Exchanges of the Betulander design were already in operation in Sweden as far back as 1903, and 1911 a company was established to exploit the system in France, where some systems were sold.
	www.cix.co.uk /~midshires/tel_hist_cussless.html (6078 words)

	Telephone exchange
		These phone exchanges promised faster switching and would accept pulses faster than the strowger's typical 10 pps - typically about 20 pps.
		Therefore, to arrange a connection, the switch simply completes the circuit between your phone (the calling party) and the remote phone (the called party).
		Throughout the entire call, it continually interchanges the data from one phone to the other, thus fulfilling its function as a telephone "exchange."
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/t/te/telephone_exchange.html (2643 words)

	HNF - Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Automatic switching was triggered by pressing buttons for the hundreds, tens and units positions.
		In 1909, the first automatic exchange based on a central battery was opened in Schwabing, part of Munich.
		Domestic telephone traffic in Germany was fully automated in 1972.
	www.hnf.de /museum/telefonvermittlung_en.html (308 words)

	THG- My Local......Telephone Exchange
		Most villages were served by a Unit Automatic Exchange (typically a UAX12) which was housed in a small brick building rather like the one in the photograph.
		Unit Automatic Exchange buildings were sometimes faced with red brick, but often locally available materials were used and much effort was made to match the surrounding architecture.
		As the telephone service continued to grow, carrier and coaxial transmission systems required differing repeater spacings and so a range of building types was developed to house the vital amplifiers and ancillary equipment.
	www.thg.org.uk /local1.htm (652 words)

	Telstra ClassRoom - The Story of Telephone Exchanges - Section 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The automatic telephone exchange was - improbably enough - invented by an American funeral director called Almon B. Strowger.
		Each telephone was connected to the exchange by five wires, of which only one (using an earth return) was for the conversation itself.
		At the exchange, 1000 electrical contacts (one for each line) were arranged inside a cylinder in ten rows, each with ten groups of ten contacts.
	www.telstra.com.au /classroom/sec_3_2.htm (1135 words)

	Automatic_telephone_exchange (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Later exchanges consisted of one to several hundred plug boards manned by operators.
		Each operator sat in front of from one to three banks of ¼-inch phone jacks fronted by several rows of phone cords, each of which was the local termination of a phone subscriber line.
		telephone exchange means an exchange building in the UK, and is also the UK name for a telephone switch, and also has a technical meaning in U.S. telecoms.
	www.usedaudiparts.com /search.php?title=Automatic_telephone_exchange (2766 words)

	HISTORY OF STROWGER AUTOMATIC TELEPHONE COMPANY
		The Strowger Automatic Telephone Company was set up to exploit the automatic exchange system invented by its founder Almon B. Strowger.
		Expansion was slow because the telephone companies were not keen to automate their services.
		In 1901 the Automatic Electric Company was formed to continue the exploitation of the Strowger system, while the Strowger Automatic Telephone Exchange remained only to hold the patents, issuing rights to the new company.
	web.ukonline.co.uk /freshwater/histstro.htm (860 words)

	Automatic Exchange Foreign
		for inward remittances of foreign exchange or for the issuance...
		for automatic approval are not met, for example, where foreign equity does not cover the foreign exchange requirement...
		Automatic conversion between base and foreign currency with an exchange variance...
	www.redhotbiz.com /foreign_exchange/1/automatic-exchange-foreign.html (611 words)

	Strowger - Switching Concepts
		The actual pitch of the dial Tone varied from exchange to exchange depending on the adjustment of the ring generator.
		The complete working exchange was carefully removed by members of the Telecomms Heritatge Group who intend to preserve it and reassemble it as a working exhibit somewhere.
		This exchange was actually a PABX (Private Automatic Branch Exchange) which is an internal exchange used for handling calls within a building, rather than across the PSTN.
	www.seg.co.uk /telecomm/automat1.htm (1293 words)

	The Telephone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Eckert who ran a telephone company in Cincinnati said he preferred the use of females to males as operators.
		Telephone service is suspended for one minute (6:25pm-6:26pm) on the entire telephone system in the United States and Canada during the funeral service (4 August).
		Bell Telephone Laboratories has a 96-channel PCM experimental system working between Murray Hill, N.J. and NYC and quickly discovers the need for repeaters for long-distance service.On December 23, Bell Telephone Laboratories introduces the germanium point contact transistor and in the following year the alloy junction germanium transistor.
	www.airewav.com /the_telephone.htm (4465 words)

	Epsom - the first automatic telephone exchange
		One of these handsets, together with the instructions for operating the telephone, is now on permanent exhibition in the BT Telephone Museum in Queen Victoria Street, London (near Blackfriars Bridge.
		However, Epsom did not stay automatic - in 1932, a new manual exchange was opened in the present building on East Street, as a result of a policy directive that automatic exchanges should be confined to the 10 mile radius round London.
		At that date, there were 5,750 telephone subscribers in Epsom, compared to 55 on the EP/Nat exchange and 63 on the EP/PO exchange in 1904/5.
	www.epsom.townpage.co.uk /telephon.htm (689 words)

	Things to Do in Vancouver - alder grove telephone museum - aldergrove, british columbia
		Are you old enough to remember "party lines", telephones with dials rather than a keypad, and when you were only allowed to "rent" your telephone from BC Tel?
		On display: telephone switchboards, old telephones, glass and porcelain insulators, telegraph equipment, and telephone repair tools.
		Strowger, a funeral parlour proprietor in Kansas City, was motivated to invent the automatic telephone exchange when he discovered the local telephone operator was married to the rival undertaker to whom she diverted Strowger's calls.)
	www.findfamilyfun.com /fjhart.htm (153 words)

	Encyclopedia: Automatic telephone exchange
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		In a holdover from the days of plug_board exchanges, the exchanges were typically named with a name whose first two letters translated to the digits of the exchange's prefix on a common telephone dial.
		Click for other authoritative sources for this topic (summarised at Factbites.com).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Automatic-telephone-exchange (2731 words)

	Day #1
		Today is the day i look at the old exchange to work out if i should attempt to build a 20 line, PC controlled Private Automatic home telephone exchange.
		The back wall of the machine curently has the line termination and battery distribution & fuses, plus a curious ring voltage generator.
		The biggest drawback is the unwiring and stripping down this old exchange.
	skyscraper.fortunecity.com /compaq/981/sxs001.html (215 words)

	Automatic Electric Telephone Company
		After purchasing a new phone and charging for the first time, let it run down to almost empty as you will want to check to make sure that the phone beeps when it is low.
		Automatic Telephone Exchange Company (Limited) of Washington and London - West Virginia 1897 -...
		This telephone is in perfect condition and has no chips cracks or fading.
	directhomephone.com /automatic-electric-telephone-company.html (852 words)

	Telephone Exchange
		Connection to telephones is via a two-wire unbalanced loop with a common ground.
		My dad brought telephones home from work for me. My first efforts were manual exchanges with some form of switchboard in my bedroom and extensions around the house.
		I was going to build a copy of L D Gunn's exchange until, whilst mulling over ways to replace some of the relays with opto-isolators, I discovered the variety of different opto-devices that are now available and had the idea of using opto-coupled triacs for switching.
	www.holmea.demon.co.uk /Exchange/Design.htm (1699 words)

	Strowger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Electromechanical or Step by Step (SxS) Automatic telephone exchange equipment using the principles initially suggested by Almon (Brown) Strowger.
		Almon (Brown) Strowger, whose patents of 1891 were used for the first commercial installation of an automatic telephone exchange in 1892.
		A BRT Locomotive named Almon B Strowger after the inventor of the automatic telephone exchange.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/S/Strowger.htm (179 words)

	Telephone History - Invention of the Telephone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The first telephone system, known as an exchange, which is a practical means of communicating between many people who have telephones, was installed in Hartford, Connecticut in 1877, and the first exchange linking two major cities was established between New York and Boston in 1883.
		The first automatic telephone exchange was patented by Almon Strowger of Kansas City in 1891 and installed in 1892, but manual switchboards remained in common use until the middle of the twentieth century.
		The telephone was the beginning of a revolution in communications and commerce.
	www.ideafinder.com /history/inventions/story078.htm (2395 words)

	E-Belarus.ORG \| The first Siemens EWSD v.15 automatic telephone exchange in Belarus
		On the 21st of August EWSD v.15 automatic telephone exchange (produced by Siemens) came into operation in Brest.
		This is the first EWSD v.15 exchange in Belarus.
		Minister of Communications of Belarus Vladimir Goncharenko, chief of Brest regional administration Vasili Dolgolev and Siemens the CIS and Central Asia sales department manager Wolfgang Hub were present at the opening of the modernized automatic telephone exchange.
	www.e-belarus.org /news/200308221.html (145 words)

	Just the Arti-FACTS - For the House (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Almon B. Strowger was a Kansas City, Missouri, mortician who had a running feud with that city's central switchboard telephone operators.
		A rival undertaker was getting more business and he was convinced the operators were detouring his calls to competitors or reporting a busy signal to impatient callers.
		The company sucessfully installed its first automatic exchange of 99 lines in La Porte, Indiana in 1892.
	www.chicagohs.org /AOTM/mar99/mar99fact1.html (172 words)

	Light Straw ATE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Exploring the history of the UK Telephone Service, with reminiscences from operators, engineers and staff.
		The UK Telephone Service, as operated by the General Post Office (GPO) was subject to strict rules and regulations as to who was allowed entry to its premises.
		If you have a serious research enquiry it may be best to contact the proper authorities as Light Straw is a fictitious exchange and is not part of the Public Switched Telephone Network.
	lightstraw.co.uk /ate (172 words)

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