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Topic: Automatic train protection

	Automatic Train Protection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Automatic Train Protection (ATP) is a system installed in some British trains in order to protect the train and avoid a possible catastrophe.
		These system warns the train driver of passing a red signal by light and sound, and applies brakes if the driver fails to respond to these warnings.
		ATP is given permitted speed and location information from the track via encoded balise(s), encoded track circuit or more recently via radio.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Automatic_train_protection (188 words)

	SYSTEMS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The purpose of shunting signalling is to protect the train movements in the shunting areas.
		Train operation is then automatic up to the next station in accordance with speed limitations and any intermediate stops due to the spacing or shunting signalling.
		In the ATO mode, driving is automatic and is based on the use of a speed control system which permanently and continuously verifies that the actual speed of the train is compatible with the observance of the speed polygon and of the points of the line to be protected.
	www.sztaki.hu /partner/metro4/megval/tanulmany/study_3-5.htm (2431 words)

	Central Line Signalling
		ATP (Automatic Train Protection) forms part of the signalling system, and it has greatly influenced the way in which the line is signalled and operated.
		In Coded Manual mode the train is being driven by the driver, but the ATP is detecting the codes in the track and restricting his or her actions.
		All other operation, including stopping the train at the next station, is done by the automatic systems (though of course the driver has to remain alert in case of obstructions on the line, passengers trapped in the doors, and so forth).
	www.davros.org /rail/signalling/articles/central.html (1423 words)

	BBC News \| The Company File \| Railtrack's safety pledge
		Asked whether Railtrack would install the more expensive ATP safety system if the inquiry recommended it, Mr Corbett said the company would, but stressed that this should be taken into account in the regulatory review to set the access fees Railtrack charges train operating companies to use the network.
		The train drivers' union Aslef has threatened to strike if rail companies refuse to install the Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system, which stops trains if they go pass a signal which is at danger.
		ATP was recommended by the report on the Clapham crash, but the government instead ordered that the cheaper Train Protection Warning System (TPWS) should be installed across the network by 2004.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/business/the_company_file/481361.stm (385 words)

	Train Protection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		When the train passes over the arming loop, an on-board timer is switched on to detect the elapsed time while the train passes the distance between the arming loop and the trigger loop.
		Fortunately, since the train is already braking and there is usually a "cushion" of 200 yards (183 metres) between the signal and the block it is protecting, there will be a much reduced risk of damage (human and propertywise) if the train hits anything.
		ATP provides a either a continuous or regular update of speed monitoring for each train and causes the brakes to apply if the driver fails to bring the speed within the required profile.
	www.railway-technical.com /sigtxt7.html (2135 words)

	HSE Railways Health and Safety - Train Protection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In reducing the risk from SPADs, TPWS is not designed to stop a train at the signal but in the overlap – the portion of track beyond the signal that acts as a safety margin in the event of a driver misjudging his brake application (usually 180m).
		ATP ensures that trains comply with speed restrictions and prevents them passing signals at danger, though it will not prevent incidents caused by signalling errors or by defects in the train or tracks, for example.
		ATP is installed on the Great Western Main Line (between London and Bristol), the Heathrow Express, the Chiltern line (from Marylebone to Aynho Junction), on the Channel Tunnel Rail Link and is used on the Docklands Light Railway and London Underground's Central Line.
	www.hse.gov.uk /railways/liveissues/tps.htm (1084 words)

	London Underground - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Trains on the sub-surface lines have the same loading gauge as British mainline trains.
		The lack of lines in the south of the city is sometimes attributed of the geology of that area, the region almost being one large aquifer; additionally, it is impossible for cut and cover lines to go under the River Thames.
		However, step height from platform to train is often as high as 20 cm on older lines, and there can be a large gap between the train and some curving platforms.
	open-encyclopedia.com /London_Underground (2893 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		ATP is speed and distance supervision, which intervenes and deploys emergency brakes as a last measure if the driver of a train fails to react to information given from optical signals and/or speed information in the wayside system.
		ATP is given permitted speed and location information from the track by encoded transponder(s), encoded track circuit or, more recently, by radio.
		The ATP on-board equipment is used in conjunction with railway trackside equipment such as speedboards and signalling system, to maintain and increase the safety of the trains, and also to increase the capacity of the railway system.
	www.switch.aust.com /middle-products-other.htm (148 words)

	glossary railroad railway operation control signaling signalling signal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A form of radio-based train control in which the movement authority for a block section is issued in form of an electronic token which is transmitted by radio from the radio block center to the train.
		A protective switch that may be required for flank protection by two routes in normal and reverse position at the same time.
		An automatic route setting system in which all routes are set up both in compliance with the proper destination of the trains and with the scheduled train sequence of the timetable.
	www.ifev.tu-bs.de /~pachl/glossary.htm (4896 words)

	BBC News \| UK \| How the safety systems work
		An increasing number of trains are being fitted with a system which physically prevents the train from going through a red light by triggering the brakes.
		The situation in the case of the Paddington crash is not entirely clear, but it is thought that a faulty track could have triggered the wrong noise in the cabin of the driver of the Thames train leading him to believe he had been given a green signal instead of a red one.
		The Great Western train was fitted with it, which, if it had been working, would have prevented the train from running through a danger signal.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/941526.stm (862 words)

	News and Publications - Automatic Train Protection for the rail network in Britain: A study
		Looking at the long-term solution of automatic train protection (ATP) this report concludes that the system evolved by the European Union called the European Railway Train Management System/European Train Control System (ETCS) is the best way ahead and likely to evolve into a European Standard.
		This variant could offer a capability of extending its train protection capability up to 100 mph, resulting in an improved overall effectiveness of the system in the region of 75%.
		Further improvements can be achieved by the complementary addition of enhanced emergency braking on trains (this programme is currently under way), defensive driving policies (also under way) and a small change in traffic regulation rules at junctions.
	www.raeng.org.uk /news/publications/list/atp.htm?print=true (977 words)

	DLR trains (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It is also possible for a train captain to manually drive the train using one of the emergency driving consoles at both ends of the train.
		The trains themselves have communication links to the control-center, from where all trains are controlled by a central computer.
		The first trains to run on the DLR tracks were 11 trains of the P86 type, the first one arriving on 7th august 1986.
	www.xs4all.nl /~dodger/trains.htm (414 words)

	The Militant - Nov. 8, 1999 -- UK rail crash highlights bosses' deadly safety cuts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The big-business press alleged that the driver of the Thames train, Michael Hodder, passed through a red signal, SN 109, into the path of the other train.
		Union officials representing 14,000 train drivers recently announced a "go-slow" near 22 high-risk signals across the rail network that have been regularly passed at red.
		Train guards (conductors) who are members of the Rail, Maritime and Transport Union, have called a strike for October 29.
	www.themilitant.com /1999/6339/633955.html (506 words)

	Report: Watford
		The accident occurred at Watford Junction when the a train from Euston to Milton Keyes overan a red stop signal and was struck by an empty train travelling at about 50 mph (80 km/h).
		His train carried on to the junction into the path of the approaching empty train.
		Had Automatic Train Protection (ATP) been installed, the driver of the Euston - Milton Keyes train would have been alerted to the caution aspect of the preceeding signals.
	danger-ahead.railfan.net /reports/watford1.htm (220 words)

	Miami, Florida
		Trains are OPTO (One Person Train Operation) with cab operations on the left side of the train.
		During middays and evenings, four-car trains are used and operators have the option to drive the train manually or by ATO.
		Train movements are protected by an Automatic Train Protection system, since signaling is limited to crossover track locations.
	world.nycsubway.org /us/miami (313 words)

	Metro Signalling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Electronic ATP involves track to train transmission of signal aspects and (sometimes) their associated speed limits. On-board equipment will check the train’s actual speed against the allowed speed and will slow or stop the train if any section is entered at more than the allowed speed.
		If a line is equipped with a simple ATP which automatically stops a train if it passes a red signal, it will not prevent a collision with a train in front if this train is standing immediately beyond the signal.
		If the train is installed with automatic driving (ATO - Automatic Train Operation), brake initiation for the reduced target speed can be by either a track mounted electronic "patch" or "beacon" placed at the brake initiation point or, more simply, by the change in the coded track circuit.
	www.railway-technical.com /sigtxt2.html (654 words)

	Union Switch & Signal : Our Clients
		This large data transmission capacity enables the information corresponding to the functions required for driver-less operation to be transmitted to and processed by the Microcab® 900 on-board train control system, which is responsible for governing and executing vehicle functions such as brake assurance, propulsion control, overspeed detection, and door control.
		Its primary function is to monitor ATC operation and to automatically route trains to the applicable wayside locations to maintain time and table schedules.
		The ATP system is responsible for vital, safety-critical wayside functions such as train detection, train separation and interlocking control, and vital vehicle control functions such as vital braking, propulsion control and speed limit enforcement.
	www.switch.com /uss_clients.html (593 words)

	Automatic Train Protection: HSC advice to Government
		Automatic Train Protection (ATP) prevents trains from over-speeding and from running past signals set at danger.
		After the Ladbroke Grove train crash in October 1999, the Joint Inquiry into Train Protection Systems, chaired by Professor John Uff QC and the Rt Hon Lord Cullen PC, considered train protection and warning systems; the future application of ATP and measures to prevent Signals Passed At Danger (SPADs).
		The Joint Inquiry was established to look into the train protection issues arising from the Southall (1997) and Ladbroke Grove (1999) crashes in which 38 people died in accidents which could have been prevented by automatic train protection (ATP).
	www.hse.gov.uk /PRESS/2003/c03004.htm (2725 words)

	Scotsman.com News - Accidents on Britain's railways - Lessons from Paddington rail crash 'being ignored'
		KEY rail safety measures are still being ignored six years on from the Paddington train disaster, the leader of the biggest rail union said today.
		Automatic Train Protection to stop trains going through red signals had still not been introduced nationwide, said RMT general secretary Bob Crow.
		Mr Crow was speaking on the sixth anniversary of the Paddington crash in which 31 people died when a Thames Trains train hit a London-bound express after passing a red light.
	news.scotsman.com /topics.cfm?tid=335&id=2043712005 (437 words)

	The Hindu : Fog fails to hit Metro operations
		The installation of the Automatic Train Protection signalling system on the Delhi Metro has apart from making the operations safe by ensuring a collision-free atmosphere for the running of services, also allowed Delhi Metro Rail Corporation to run the trains with 100 per cent punctuality even in dense fog.
		The ATP system is so sensitive that the moment a driver exceeds the speed limit or gets closer than specified to another train, it first gives a beep, then a warning signal and thereafter automatically stop the train.
		And all this happens with the help of sensors which are placed along the tracks and convey the exact movement of a train or any other object on the line to the control room through optical fibres.
	www.hinduonnet.com /2003/12/27/stories/2003122710170400.htm (423 words)

	Metro press release: Metro's Board of Directors Approves Further Upgrades to the Rail System
		Automatic train protection is responsible for maintaining safe train operations throughout the system.
		ATP allows Metro to monitor where trains are in the system at any given time, allows trains to operate at safe distances, and monitors the actual speed of the trains.
		The total cost to upgrade the automatic train protection circuits at 22 train stations and to replace 35 RTU's is $17.6 million and will be funded through the Metro Matters funding agreement that was approved last year.
	www.wmata.com /about/MET_NEWS/PressReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=841 (234 words)

	008059 Rail Vehicle Technician/ATP
		Employees in this class are responsible for inspecting, troubleshooting, repairing and maintaining vehicle-borne automatic train protection equipment on an assigned shift in a public transportation system.
		Conducts preventive maintenance inspections of the vehicle-borne portions of the automatic train protection subsystem.
		Performs "C" inspections, ATP troubleshooting and repairs during mainline testing; performs dynamic testing of the decelerometer, verifies brake assurance relay drop off for the minimum brake rate, and verifies overspeed detection and brake rates.
	www.co.miami-dade.fl.us /emprel/pay_plan/job_008059.htm (498 words)

	TDS - Automated Vehicle Protection Systems
		The separation of operation and protection functions is a generally recognized engineering paradigm for the design of safety critical systems.
		Automatic safety systems were added to human-controlled railroad systems to protect against human error and mechanical malfunctions.
		The use of this split migrated to automated vehicle transportation systems with the pioneering Morgantown PRT system in the late sixties; this system has been in continuous active use for over 20 years with no accidents.
	theory.lcs.mit.edu /tds/prot.html (1215 words)

	HSC wants public views on automatic train protection, atp, Health And Safety Consultants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		For automatic train protection, what system should we have and by when, and what regulation or other action by HSC is needed?".
		Views and opinions on automatic train protection can be sent to HSC via the interactive form on the website http://www.hse.gov.uk/railway/atp or emailed to atpviews@hse.gsi.gov.uk.
		The Joint Inquiry into Train Protection Systems conducted by Professor John Uff QC and the Rt Hon Lord Cullen PC, recommended that ERTMS should be installed on those parts of the rail network where trains run over 100 mph, by 2010.
	www.freesafetycheck.co.uk /pr56.htm (1083 words)

	House of Commons Hansard Debates for 19 Oct 1999 (pt 14)
		If ATP is put on new track--as has been done in many parts of the continent, especially on the French railways, on our own new European rail link and on the Heathrow connection--where it is specifically designed, it works very well.
		However, the fact is that two trains crashed at Lewes, and my constituents will be horrified to learn that there have been 643 incidents of trains passing a red signal--almost two such incidents a day--in the past year.
		During my inquiries into automatic train systems, I have been told that if the signal has gone red--even if that is a failure of the signal--the train cannot be moved if the automatic train system is on; therefore, sometimes such systems have to be isolated to enable the train to be moved.
	www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk /pa/cm199899/cmhansrd/vo991019/debtext/91019-14.htm (1641 words)

	mrts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Automatic Train Protection will ensure automatic train operation and complete safety on the network.
		The MRTS should envisage train operations at a frequency of 3 minutes and to ensure this, the MRTS should be automatically controlled with advanced systems like Automatic Train Operation and Protection in position which regulates train speeds, ensures safety and performs most of the functions of a train driver automatically.
		The speed limits of the train should also be automatically controlled keeping in view the distance of the train directly ahead.
	www.geocities.com /mumbairail/mrts.html (421 words)

	PM - Strike action considered over tilt train investigation
		Queensland Rail has already said that the train was speeding when it crashed and the train drivers' union says that that appears to be a pre-emptive move to implicate the driver.
		They're upset that the details of the train's fl box have been made public, showing the train was travelling nearly twice the speed it should have been just before it crashed north of Bundaberg on Monday night.
		IAN TOWNSEND: In fact, a 1996 Queensland Government inquiry into the tilt train reveals that Queensland Rail had intended for the tilt train to be fitted with a continuous automatic train protection system.
	www.abc.net.au /pm/content/2004/s1246750.htm (782 words)

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