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Topic: Automobile emissions control

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	Automobile emissions control - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Automobile emissions control covers all the technologies that are employed to reduce the air pollution-causing emissions produced by automobiles.
		Exhaust emissions control systems were first required on 1966 model year vehicles produced for sale in the state of California, followed by the United States as a whole in model year 1968.
		Emissions controls have been highly successful in reducing the emissions produced by motor vehicles in terms of quantity per distance traveled.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Automobile_emissions_control (1493 words)

	US EPA, Region 5, Air and Radiation Division, Mobile Sources, Automonile Emissions
		Emissions from an individual car are generally low, relative to the smokestack image many people associate with air pollution.
		With today's efficient exhaust emission controls and today's gasoline formulations, evaporative losses can account for a majority of the total hydrocarbon pollution from current model cars on hot days when ozone levels are highest.
		The emission reductions of the 1970's came about because of fundamental improvements in engine design, plus the addition of charcoal canisters to collect hydrocarbon vapors and exhaust gas recirculation valves to reduce nitrogen oxides.
	www.epa.gov /region5/air/mobile/auto_emis.htm (930 words)

	Auto Study Suggests Unexpected Source Of Emissions Control System Failure
		When an automobile's emissions control system fails, it may be because that model is more prone to failure than most others, according to a new study by researchers at Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of Michigan.
		Road emissions tend to be higher because drivers run their cars at higher speeds and accelerations than in the on-cycle tests.
		The EPA does not extensively test emissions from cars after they have been on the road for a few years, when the performance of emission controls has begun to degrade.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/auto-emissions-study.html (1061 words)

	Automobile Directory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Automobile giants Tata Motors and Fiat Auto kicked off their partnership with the commencement of the joint dealer network.
		During this period, 751 thousand sedans have been produced and it is to the fact that this number within the same period of last year was 718 thousand units.
		In their bid to supply required automobile parts from non-European sources, the auto manufacturers Peugeot and Citroen have decided to open an office in Iran to facilitate their purchases from......
	www.automobiledir.com /press/index25.html (505 words)

	2002 Conditions and Performance Report: Chapter 19
		Transportation control measures are specific measures that are included in an area's air quality State implementation plan to reduce the use of single occupancy vehicles or to improve the efficiency of the transportation system.
		Other measures to reduce emissions include accelerated vehicle retirement programs to encourage owners of older, higher polluting vehicles to turn in their vehicles and receive funds that can be used for the purchase of a lower polluting vehicle.
		Episodic emission control programs are designed to educate the public about individual activities that impact local air quality and can include messages encouraging people to use mass transit on days when air quality is anticipated to be poor.
	www.fhwa.dot.gov /policy/2002cpr/ch19b.htm (2973 words)

	How to Induce Motorists to Pollute Less: Remote Sensing and the Policing of Outputs
		Because of the extreme skewedness of emissions, and because most emissions reductions will come from the gross polluters, the chief task of a cost-effective program must be to focus on gross polluters.
		After repairs were made, the CO emissions declined by 95 percent, the HC emissions declined by 92 percent, and the Nox emissions declined by 56 percent.
		Furthermore, the actually-enforced emission limits would be much higher than the legally enforceable emission limits -- proportionally much higher than is the case for speeding enforcement -- so actually-cited motorists would be on very shaky ground in claiming that their car was within the legally enforceable limits.
	lsb.scu.edu /~dklein/papers/smogReduction.html (14639 words)

	Green Motorsport
		Frankfurt, Germany — As the automobile industry rolls out its 2005 models this month marking the traditional start of the new model year, one of the most significant pollution control advances of the past century is reaching an important milestone.
		The U.S. government’s 1970 decision to require the sale of lead-free gasoline has removed 250,000 tons/year of toxic lead from automobile emissions in the U.S. As the value of catalytic converters becomes increasingly apparent, countries around the world are enacting vehicle emission legislation requiring catalysts in cars sold in their markets.
		In 2003, the recovery of platinum from recycled autocatalysts was an estimated 645,000 ounces, the recovery of palladium was 410,000 ounces, and the recovery of rhodium was 123,000 ounces.
	www.greenmotorsport.com /article_ipa_view.fcm?articleid=7348 (759 words)

	Plymouth Catalytic Converters: Quality Plymouth Catalytic Converters For Less Harmful Automotive Emissions
		The said technologies are employed to reduce the chemical and biological agents that modify the natural characteristics of the atmosphere that are emitted by different automobiles and almost all kind of vehicles.
		Under the tailpipe emissions control system you can find three different ways of controlling it to which are — increasing engine efficiency, increasing vehicle efficiency, and cleaning up the emissions.
		Cleaning up the emissions technique is considered as advancement in engine vehicle technology to continually reduce the amount of pollutants generated, but it turned out that the result of it is still insufficient to meet emission goals and objectives.
	www.innerauto.com /Plymouth_Parts/Plymouth_Catalytic_Converters (317 words)

	American Lung Association of New York State
		Automobiles are major sources of the pollutant’s that cause ozone-smog, acid rain and global climate change.
		This mandate will encourage electric and fuel cell vehicles which emit no pollution, and automobiles that pollute less because of new technologies such as those that use compressed natural gas, methane or other alternative sources of fuel and vehicles that use hybrid (gas and electric) motor technology.
		New York currently uses the standards set in California’s existing automobile emissions program and is holding public hearing, through the state, on regulations that will adopt California’s more stringent standards instead of the federal program.
	www.eany.org /pressreleases/2000/082200.html (572 words)

	Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Data Center
		Automobile Emissions Are Statistically Gamma Distributed, Y. Zhang, G.A. Bishop and D.H. Stedman, Environ.
		Automobile Emissions - Control, G.A. Bishop and D.H. Stedman, Encycl.
		Nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and ammonia detector for remote sensing of vehicle emissions, D.A. Burgard, T.R. Dalton, G.A. Bishop, J.R. Starkey and D.H. Stedman, Rev.
	www.feat.biochem.du.edu /pub_list.shtml (2986 words)

	CaseWeb: The Case Program Home Page
		In 1973 the issue was further confused by the discovery of potentially dangerous levels of sulfuric acid in the exhaust of cars with catalytic converters-the technology adopted by automakers to meet the emissions standards.
		Part A of the case provides background information on the automobile pollution issue and on the political and administrative handling of the sulfates problem.
		Automobile Emissions Control: The Sulfates Problem (B) (78.0) (Case)
	www.ksgcase.harvard.edu /caseTitle.asp?caseNo=78.7 (322 words)

	Emissions Testing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Hydrocarbon emissions result when fuel molecules in the engine do not burn or burn only partially.
		Provisions of the 1990 Clean Air Act are further reducing vehicle emissions.
		The Office of Mobile Sources is the national center for research and policy on air pollution from highway and off-highway motor vehicles and equipment.
	tranhaz-mat.sctc.edu /Emissions_Testing/vehicle_air_emissions.htm (945 words)

	International Catalyst Technology
		As a global company dedicated to the pursuit of providing solutions that improve the quality of the air we breath, ICT recognizes the impact of regional, political and economic forces on the emission control industry.
		The Association for Emissions Control by Catalysts is an international association of European companies making technologies for automobile exhaust emissions control.
		The Manufacturers of Emission Controls Association (MECA)’s mission is to provide technical information on emission control technology, thereby facilitating the establishment of strong and effective air quality programs that promote public health, environmental quality, and industrial progress.
	www.ictcatalyst.com /related.html (317 words)

	Environmental Market Intelligence Center - Emissions and Waste
		With the characteristics of low emissions and fuel economy, the new Ford Fusion, Mercury Milan and the 2006 Ford Explorer are in the "green spotlight" at the California International Auto Show.
		Quantification of GHG emissions can be complicated by the wide variety of emission sources and the nature of the fuels consumed by industry.
		MECA's mission is to provide technical information on emission control technology, thereby facilitating the establishment of strong and effective state, federal, and international air quality programs that promote public health, environmental quality, and industrial progress.
	www.centerformarketintelligence.com /environmental/emissions.html (3160 words)

	Ecology O4.00 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A number of measures are used to control the various pollutants that are produced by different components of the automobile.
		Radon can also be controlled by sealing up cracks in the basement and venting the air to the outdoors with an exhaust fan.
		Pollution from formaldehyde could be controlled by thoroughly inspecting any products used in the home that contain fiberboard and wood products and checking what kind of insulation is in your home.
	www.utm.edu /departments/cece/ecology/o4.shtml (1439 words)

	ScienceDaily: Super Sulfur Soaker Material May Help Control Diesel Emissions
		New Technology Reduces Noxious Emissions (April 26, 2001) -- By combining an electrically charged gas with a specialized catalyst, researchers at the Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory have successfully reduced harmful oxides of...
		Automobile emissions control -- Automobile emissions control covers all the technologies that are employed to reduce the air pollution-causing emissions produced by...
		Control of engineering documentation, sometimes called Configuration Management (CM) especially in the defense industries, is critical to world-class manufacturing survival.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/09/050911111618.htm (1437 words)

	Newswise
		Newswise — In a finding that provides an important boost to automobile emissions control technology, a University of Delaware research team has discovered a novel formulation to operate pollution-dampening catalytic converters without the need for expensive noble metals.
		The novel formulation is designed for a relatively new automobile engine technology that provides for high fuel efficiency.
		The formulation developed by Jochen A. Lauterbach, UD associate professor of chemical engineering, and colleagues is both cheaper and more effective than the current means of catalytic conversion, which relies on the use of costly platinum in the storage and reduction of nitrogen oxides in the emissions.
	www.newswise.com /articles/view/509997 (785 words)

	Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Data Center
		A History of On-Road Emissions and Emissions Deterioration, D.H. Stedman and G.A. Bishop, presented at the 14th CRC On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop, San Diego, March 2004.
		Infrared Thermal Imaging of Automobiles, A.M. Monateri, D.H. Stedman and G.A. Bishop, presented at the 14th CRC On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop, San Diego, March 2004.
		On-Road Emissions in Asia Measured by Remote Sensing, D.H. Stedman and G.A. Bishop, presented at the 15th CRC On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop, San Diego, April 2005 {presentation overheads}.
	www.feat.biochem.du.edu /reports.html (1011 words)

	Ferrari 308GTB - WOI Encyclopedia Italia
		This article is part of the automobile series.
		The Ferrari 308 GTB (and similar 208 and later 328) were mid-engined sports cars that made up the lower end of the company's range.
		European versions produced 255 hp (190 kW) at 7,700 rpm, but American versions were down to 240 hp (178 kW) at 6,600 rpm thanks to emissions control devices.
	www.wheelsofitaly.com /wiki/index.php/Ferrari_308GTB (467 words)

	[No title]
		DIURNAL:Gasoline evaporation increases as the temperature rises during the day, heating the fuel tank and venting gasoline vapors.
		EPA standards dictate how much pollution autos may emit but auto makers decide how to achieve the pollution limits.
		The EPA National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory is the national center for research and policy related to mobile source pollution.
	www.ccar-greenlink.org /Search/1704body.htm (935 words)

	partnership for clean fuels and vehicles - industry partners (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers is a US trade association of nine car and light truck manufacturers including BMW Group, DaimlerChrysler,Ford Motor Company, General Motors, Mazda, Mitsubishi Motors, Porsche, Toyota and Volkswagen.
		AIAM is an independent, unique and respected voice for international automobile companies that import or manufacture motor vehicles in the United States.
		The National Association of Automobile Manufacturers of South Africa (NAAMSA) is the recognised Association representing motor vehicle manufacturers and importers operating in the South African market, and as such plays a major role in promoting appropriate vehicle emission and fuel quality standards in both South Africa and the Southern African region.
	www.unep.org /pcfv/OurPartners/Industry.htm (1359 words)

	ScienceDaily: Inexpensive Oxidation Catalyst Could Reduce Diesel Emissions
		It's not a new material, but a new application of silver hollanditecould make a big impact in diesel emissions control.
		Super Sulfur Soaker Material May Help Control Diesel Emissions (September 12, 2005) -- The mineral cryptomelane holds promise to absorb the toxic sulfur oxides that can degrade the emission control systems on diesel vehicles.
		NASA Technology Reduces Some Smokestack Emissions (October 1, 2003) -- Thanks to NASA, a new method for reducing smokestack emissions of toxic formaldehyde and carbon monoxide may soon be in use throughout...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/09/050911105720.htm (1361 words)

	Diesel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Manufacturers of Emission Controls Association MECA (U.S.) provides solid technical information on emission control technology for motor vehicles.
		AECC (Association for Emissions Control by Catalyst) are the international, Brussels based Association of European companies making technologies for automobile exhaust emissions control.
		These technologies incorporated in the exhaust emission control systems on all new cars and an increasing number of commercial vehicles, buses and motorcycles in Europe.
	www.envirosafeshop.com /diesel.htm (569 words)

	[No title]
		We now have precise control over most engine functions such as the air-fuel mixture, ignition, cylinder temperature, cooling temperature, transmission function, and climate control to name a few.
		With that in mind, imagine the problems you can cause by disconnecting or by-passing the emission control devices and/or engine sensors.
		Remember, regardless of where you live, it is illegal to tamper with, or modify the emission control systems on your vehicle.
	www.aaanewsroom.net /Assets/Files/OldFiles/emissions.doc (210 words)

	CA Dep. Consumer Affairs - Bur. Automotive Repair - CA Dep. Consumer Affairs- Bur. Automotive Repair - Bureau of ...
		To perform Smog Check inspections on vehicles registered in Enhanced Areas, stations must be equipped with a BAR-97 Emission Inspection System (EIS), which includes a BAR-certified dynamometer capable of handling all two-wheel drive or part-time four-wheel drive light duty vehicles up to an 9,999 pound GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating).
		Such information may be in printed or electronic format and may be nationally distributed and periodically updated references that contain repair and emissions procedures.
		These references must be up to date and include current model year supplements for automobile emissions control systems.
	www.smogcheck.ca.gov /StdPrint.asp?Body=/industry/otherinfo/000127.htm (446 words)

	Web Resources in Surface Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		AECC are the international association of European companies making technologies for automobile exhaust emissions control.
		This includes catalyst, adsorber and filter-based systems for the control of gaseous and particulate emissions from diesel and other lean burn engines.
		Catalyst-equipped cars were first introduced in the USA in 1974 but only appeared on European roads in 1985 and were legislated for in 1993.
	faculty.virginia.edu /surfacescience/resorcelinks.html (573 words)

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