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	Autonomous areas of China - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Autonomous regions, prefectures, counties, and banners are covered under Section 6 of Chapter 3 (Articles 111-122) of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, and with more detail under the Law of the People's Republic of China on Regional National Autonomy (《中华人民共和国民族区域自治法》).
		Xinjiang was converted from a province to an autonomous region in 1955.
		Autonomous administrative areas, as well as the various rights granted to them, are affirmed by the government as a positive example of local self-rule in ethnic areas, and an acknowledgement of minority self-determination unprecedented in Chinese history.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Autonomous_entities_of_China (989 words)

	Phayul Message Forums - www.phayul.com
		In October 1955, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was established; in March 1958, the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region was established; in October 1958, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was established; and in September 1965, the Tibet Autonomous Region was established.
		The head of an autonomous region, autonomous prefecture or autonomous county shall be a citizen of the ethnic group exercising regional autonomy in the area concerned.
		The heads of all autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties are all citizens of the ethnic groups exercising regional autonomy in the areas concerned.
	www.phayul.com /forums/showPost.aspx?postID=83447 (7913 words)

	Autonomous entities of China information information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Autonomous administrative divisions can be found at the first (province), second (prefecture), and third (county) levels of local government.
		Autonomous administrative entities, as well as the various rights granted to them, are affirmed by the government as a positive example of local self-rule in ethnic areas, and an acknowledgement of minority self-determination unprecedented in Chinese history.
		They also point out that autonomous regions pursue affirmative action policies which are viewed as discriminatory, such as less preferential treatment in school admissions and government employment opportunities for Han Chinese; this is viewed as unfair, especially in entities where Han Chinese are actually the majority.
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /reference/autonomous_entities_of_China (1106 words)

	Human Rights in China - VII
		National autonomous areas exercise all rights of self-government in accordance with the Law of the People's Republic of China on Regional National Autonomy and may work out autonomous rules and specific regulations according to local political, economic and cultural characteristics.
		Without violating the Constitution and the law, autonomous regions have the right to adopt special policies and flexible measures; autonomous organs can apply for permission to make alterations or desist from implementing resolutions, decisions, orders and instructions made by higher-level state organs if they are not in accordance with the situation in autonomous regions.
		In the performance of their functions, the self-government organs in autonomous regions should use one or several locally used languages according to the regulations of autonomy set by the autonomous regions.
	www.chinesehumanrightsreader.org /governments/91wp/vii.htm (2746 words)

	Wikinfo \| Autonomous region
		An autonomous region or autonomous district is a subnational region with special powers of self-rule.
		In the case of Spain, after the drafting of the Spanish Constitution of 1978, the first areas to become autonomous communities were highly nationalistic, ethnically distinct ones such as the Basque Country and Catalonia.
		In Portugal, the two island regions of Azores and Madeira became autonomous regions in 1976 with self-rule by a regional government and a regional legislative assembly.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Autonomous_region (324 words)

	National Minorities Policy and Its Practice in China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		For places where ethnic minorities live in concentrated communities but where autonomous areas and organs of self-government are not fit to be established because the areas and populations of the ethnic minorities are too small, ethnic townships are established so that the minority peoples there can also exercise their rights as masters of their homelands.
		Among the 55 ethnic minorities, 44 have their own autonomous areas, with a population of 75 percent of the total of the ethnic minorities and an area of 64 percent of the area of the whole country.
		The chief leaders of the governments of the 12 autonomous counties of this region are from the ethnic minorities exercising regional autonomy and the heads of the region's 62 ethnic townships are also from the ethnic minorities that have established such townships.
	news.xinhuanet.com /zhengfu/2002-11/18/content_633175.htm (10570 words)

	inner mongolia - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		Inner Mongolia borders, from east to west, the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Gansu, while to the north it borders Mongolia and Russia.
		Under the Manchu-dominated Qing dynasty, Outer Mongolia retained much of its pre-Qing governmental structure; Inner Mongolia was organized into leagues and banners, and what is now eastern Inner Mongolia was part of Manchuria, and administered with the rest of Manchuria by Manchu generals.
		The 12 prefecture-level divisions of Inner Mongolia are subdivided into 101 county-level divisions, including 21 districts, 11 county-level cities, 17 counties, 49 banners, and 3 autonomous banners.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/Inner-Mongolia (1226 words)

	China History Forum, chinese history forum > Political Divisions of China : Province and Cities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Autonomous regions (自治区 zìzhìqū) are province-level divisions with a designated ethnic minority, and are guaranteed more rights under the constitution.
		Unlike provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, whose legal basis is provided for in Article 30 of the 1982 Constitution that governs administrative divisions, special administrative regions are provided for in Article 31 in anticipation of the retrocession of Hong Kong and Macau.
		Autonomous prefectures (自治州; zìzhìzhōu) are prefectures with one or several designated ethnic minority/minorities.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /lofiversion/index.php/t7941.html (3070 words)

	British and Chinese Center-Local Relations
		As of December 15, 2004, there are 2862 county-level (县级; xiànjí) divisions, including 851 districts, 374 cities, 1465 counties, 117 autonomous counties, 49 banners, 3 autonomous banners, 2 special regions and 1 forestry area in mainland China.
		Autonomous counties (自治县; zìzhìxiàn) are counties with one or several designated ethnic minority/minorities.
		Inner Mongolia has banners (旗 qí) and autonomous banners (自治旗 zìzhìqí), which are the same as counties and autonomous counties except in name.
	home.san.rr.com /ssb321/_disc1/0000000a.htm (3807 words)

	Abigail Brooks
		It was not until the late 1960s with the outbreak of the autonomous feminist movement, that both the Italian Communist Party (PCI) and the Christian Democratic Party (DC) were forced to significantly adjust and revise their policies and ideologies in relation to women.
		In response to the autonomous feminist movement and to pressures from women within their parties (who were often reflecting to some degree the voice of the extra-political feminist movement), the PCI and the DC's frames on women's issues shifted significantly throughout the late 1960s and 1970s.
		In speaking of the Italian women's movement as a whole it becomes clear that the autonomous feminist movement invoked a tremendous effect on both the Communist Party and the Christian Democrats in regards to their approach to women's issues.
	www.bc.edu /bc_org/avp/cas/soc/SocialMoments/brooks1.htm (3706 words)

	HRI/CORE/1/Add.21 - Core Document - China
		At present there are 159 minority districts and autonomous areas (5 autonomous districts, 30 autonomous prefectures and 124 autonomous counties (banners)) which together account for 64 per cent of the total land area of China.
		The people's government in national autonomous areas operates under a system whereby responsibility is borne by the regional chairmen, prefects and county chiefs; these are accountable to the people's assemblies at their respective levels and to higher State organs.
		The law also specifies that those in charge of the various administrative and other bodies in national autonomous areas (the chairman and vice-chairmen of the standing committees of people's congresses in autonomous regions, prefectures and counties, the chairmen of autonomous regions, prefects, county chiefs and so forth) must be of the nationality exercising regional autonomy.
	hri.ca /fortherecord1997/documentation/coredocs/hri-core-1-add21.htm (4320 words)

	Traveling to China: Business / Sightseeing infomation and tips. Travel guides on Xiamen, Guangdong, and other Chinese ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The administrative units under a province or an autonomous region include prefectures, autonomous prefectures, leagues, cities, counties, autonomous counties, banners, and autonomous banners.
		Under a county or an autonomous county are townships, nationality townships, and towns.
		The autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures, and autonomous counties are all nationality areas.
	www.businesschina.ca /sightseeing_general_info.shtml (419 words)

	[No title]
		Among the chairmen or vice-chairmen of the standing committees of the people's congresses of all 155 ethnic autonomous areas in China there are citizens of the ethnic group or groups exercising regional autonomy in the area concerned.
		According to statistics, in 2004, the GDP of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Tibet Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was 271.2, 332, 21, 46 and 220 billion yuan, respectively, representing increases of 19.4, 11.8, 12.4, 11, and 11.1 percent respectively over the previous year.
		The ethnic autonomous areas are key targets for the state 's plans to basically make nine-year compulsory education universal and basically eliminate illiteracy among the young and middle-aged population.
	www.olemiss.edu /courses/inst203/PRC05HRC.txt (10033 words)

	People's Daily Online Regional Ethnic Autonomy
		Today, apart from five autonomous regions (Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang Uygur, Guangxi Zhuang, Ningxia Hui, and Tibet autonomous regions), China has 30 autonomous prefectures and 120 autonomous counties (known, in some cases, as "banners"), in addition to more than 1,300 ethnic townships.
		The agencies of self-government in ethnic autonomous areas are the people's congresses and people's governments of autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties (banners).
		The chairperson or vice-chairpersons of the standing committee of the people's congress and the head of an autonomous region, autonomous prefecture or autonomous county (banner) shall be citizens of the ethnic group(s) exercising regional autonomy in the area concerned.
	english.people.com.cn /data/China_in_brief/Population_Ethnic_Groups/Regional_Ethnic_Autonomy.html (266 words)

	[No title]
		There are totally five autonomous regions (the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and the Tibet Autonomous Region), 30 autonomous prefectures, 116 autonomous counties and three autonomous banners in the whole country.
		The chairman of an autonomous region, the prefect of an autonomous prefecture or the head of an autonomous county shall be a citizen of the nationality exercising regional autonomy in the area concerned.
		The organs of self-government of the national autonomous areas independently arrange for and administer local economic development under the guidance of State plans; the organs of self-government of the national autonomous areas have the power of autonomy in administering the finances of their areas.
	www.legalinfo.gov.cn /english/LegalKnowledge/LegalKnowledge1.htm (1043 words)

	Permanent Banners \| Custom Signs Vinyl Banners Phoenix, Scottsdale, Arizona Digital Printed Vinyl Banner
		For example, in the case of propaganda to ensure polio drops for children, the banners are made, in which case, even though the dates for administration of the polio drops would be over, still the banners stay permanently reminding the people on the importance of the matter for which the banner was made.
		There are other types of banners also, which are sometimes made by some of the governmental agencies or autonomous bodies to convey some important messages to the public.
		At the same time, such message banners cannot be called as one time banners, since they serve the public at every stage.
	www.airparksign.com /banners/permanent (304 words)

	The battle for the universities: New higher education law in Venezuela (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The new law is aimed not only at increasing university access for the poor, but also at opening the books of the autonomous universities to make them account for where they spend government funds.
		Part of the law requires universities to declare exactly who is on the payroll, aiming to tackle the type of corruption endemic within the autonomous universities...
		The fact is, the autonomous universities have become a bastion of the ultra-right in revolutionary Venezuela.
	www.vheadline.com /printer_news.asp?id=45909 (1058 words)

	Bid to build democracy comes to fruition
		The autonomous prefectures, cities divided into districts, counties, autonomous counties, cities not divided into districts and districts under the jurisdiction of cities, where there are suitable conditions for setting up local committees, may establish CPPCC committees in the corresponding areas.
		The chairperson of an autonomous region, the prefect of an autonomous prefecture and the head of an autonomous county are all citizens of the ethnic group or groups exercising regional autonomy in the area concerned.
		The national congress and the congresses of the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government), cities divided into districts, autonomous prefectures, counties (banners), autonomous counties, cities not divided into districts and municipal districts are held once every five years.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /english/doc/2005-10/20/content_486358.htm (11332 words)

	Banner (Inner Mongolia) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Banners were first used during the Qing Dynasty, which organized the Mongols into banners except those who belonged to the Mongol Eight Banners.
		An autonomous banner is a special type of banner set up by the People's Republic of China.
		Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner (莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗) for the Daur
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Banner_(Inner_Mongolia) (236 words)

	Tibet Justice Center - Legal Materials on Tibet - China - Chinese State Council White Paper on Human Rights (excerpt) ...
		National autonomous areas exercise all rights of selfgovernment in accordance with the Law of the People's Republic of China on Regional National Autonomy and may work out autonomous rules and specific regulations according to local political, economic and cultural charactenstics.
		Without violating the Constitution and the law, autonomous regions have the right to adopt special policies and flexible measures; autonomous organs can apply for permission to make alterations or desist from implementing resolutions, dedsions, orders and instructions madc by higher-level state organs if they are not in accordance with the situation in autonomous regions.
		In the performance of their functions, the selfgovernment organs in autonomous regions should use one or several locally used languages according to the regulations of autonomy set by the autonomous regions.
	www.tibetjustice.org /materials/china/china8.html (7912 words)

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