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Topic: Autopoiesis

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	Autopoiesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Autopoiesis is arguably one of the most important ideas in the history of biology.
		A major node of the new sciences of complexity, autopoiesis answers that question which was not even addressed, let alone answered by the mechanistic reductionistic approach to biology of the last hundred years.
		Autopoiesis is sometimes described as "circular organization" to indicate that it is a closed network of production processes in which the output of one process ultimately feeds back into itself.
	www.prototista.org /E-Zine/Autopoiesis.htm (1218 words)

	Quantum Ontology: Minds, Brains & Catalysis
		Both autopoiesis and the scale invariant catalytic model of living processes argue that functionality is a redundant term and that cognition can be understood purely in terms of metabolism.
		The power of both autopoiesis and the scale invariant catalytic model of living processes is to demonstrate that the apparent discontinuity between functions and their supporting physical processes can be entirely eliminated because there is no distinction to be made between them.
		By locating autopoiesis within the greater context of catalysis as the essential principle at work, we are better placed to understand the necessary relationship between autopoiesis, robustness, and the structure in the environment.
	www.psy.cmu.edu:16080 /~davia/mbc/16start.html (1532 words)

	Self-organization and Counsellor Education
		The lineage from autopoiesis, to chaos, to complexity and self-organization proceeds unabated and holds much promise for greater understanding of fundamental issues in psychological practice such as the nature of consciousness and human adaptability in the face of change.
		The complexity of the autopoiesis of consciousness is irreducible and paradoxical.
		Maturana, H.R. and Varela, F.J. Autopoiesis and cognition.
	goertzel.org /dynapsyc/1999/AutopoiesisPaper.htm (4351 words)

	VIDA 3.0 - Autopoiesis
		Autopoiesis, is a robotic sculpture installation commissioned by the Kiasma Museum in Helsinki, Finland as part of Outoaly, the Alien Intelligence Exhibition curated by Erkki Huhtamo, 2000.
		Autopoiesis breaks out of standard interfaces (mouse) and playback methodologies (CRT) and presents an interactive environment, which is immersive, detailed and able to evolve in real time by utilizing feedback and interaction from audience/participant members.
		Furthermore, in Autopoiesis the robotic sensors compare their sensor data through a central-state controller, so the viewer is able to walk through the sculptural installation and have the arms interact both individually and as a group.
	www.fundacion.telefonica.com /at/vida/paginas/v3/erinaldo.html (892 words)

	Autopoiesis - DCSWiki
		Autopoiesis literally means "self-production", "self-producing" or "self-making" (from the Greek: auto for self- and poiesis for creation or production) and expresses a fundamental relationship between structure and function of a self-organizing system.
		More generally, the term autopoiesis refers to the dynamics of self-organizing non-equilibrium structures; that is, organized states (sometimes also called dissipative structures) that remain stable for long periods of time despite matter and energy continually flowing through them.
		Autopoiesis is closely related to Self-Star Properties, autocatalysis and the biological principle of metabolism, because it means "self-production".
	www.vs.uni-kassel.de /systems/index.php?title=Autopoiesis&redirect=no (551 words)

	Quantum Ontology: Minds, Brains & Catalysis
		By contextualizing autopoiesis within catalysis we can readily see that matter and energy do not represent separate aspects of the autopoietic process; rather the bringing together of energy and structure in the form of a soliton is the baseline of any catalytic process.
		Having studied autopoiesis in a limited way (and therefore I offer apologies in advance if this evaluation proves incorrect), I was very surprised to find that the concept of autopoiesis was not applied in a direct way to the problem of cognition.
		This seems to be underlined by the fact that cognition, within the theory of autopoiesis, is considered to be a phenomenon that is an internal state of the organism.
	www.psy.cmu.edu /~davia/mbc/17start.html (1072 words)

	Autopoiesis and Coevolution
		Autopoiesis is based on the way living systems address and engage with the domains in which they operate.
		Whilst autopoiesis usually does not incorporate the complexity concept of dynamical attractors it uses the same idea of limited flexibility due to structural connectivity, along with the need to change structure if we are to develop new modes of behaviour.
		Autopoiesis remains however a valuable perspective with which to understand the essential nature of the interplay between any system and its current (and ever changing) environment.
	www.calresco.org /lucas/auto.htm (2559 words)

	AUTOPOIESIS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The property of systems whose components (1) participate recursively in the same network of productions that produced them, and (2) realize the network of productions as a unity in the space in which the components exist (after Varela) (see recursion).
		Autopoiesis is a process whereby a system produces its own organization and maintains and constitutes itself in a space.
		E.g., a biological cell, a living organism and to some extend a corporation and a society as a whole.
	pespmc1.vub.ac.be /ASC/AUTOPOIESIS.html (135 words)

	The Map Is The Territory--A Systemic Trip Through The Lenses of Autopoiesis By Kris Hallbom
		Autopoiesis has to do with how systems create, sustain and generate life while maintaining their overall structure and organization.
		Autopoiesis explores the internal occurrences that happen within a system and the parts that make up the system; the relationships between those parts; the boundaries that surround and contain the parts; how information emerges from the system via cognition; and how external information triggers the structure of the overall system.
		Autopoiesis is important to the field of NLP because it offers us a deeper understanding of the structure and organization of our human experience on this earth.
	www.nlpca.com /The_Map_Is_The_Territory.html (1275 words)

	Resources : Autopoiesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Rather, he sees social systems and their qualities as arising or emerging as a result of the ongoing Autopoiesis of the individual biological components of those systems, not as things that are themselves Autopoietic.
		A consequence of this is that in response to early encounters with Autopoiesis, people often try to apply the idea of Autopoiesis as a process directly to whatever their area of study or interest happens to be.
		For example, the concept of structural coupling (which gives rise to the adaptation of 'behaviour' from the perspective of an observer, as well being the basis for linguistic phenomena) depends on the existence of a structurally determined plastic system operating within a dynamic linear environment.
	www.cs.ucl.ac.uk /staff/t.quick/autopoiesis.html (2319 words)

	Geyer and van der Zouwen (eds.) Sociocybernetics: Complexity, Autopoiesis, and Observation of Social Systems
		He argues that the debate about autopoiesis has distracted attention from the relevance of many of the underpinning cybernetic concepts such as self-organisation and autonomy which lie at the core of autopoiesis but are not restricted to application within it.
		This is done, not as Mingers does in his earlier work, by comparing the foundational concepts of autopoiesis with the intrinsic nature of social systems, but rather by a looser comparison between the implications of extant organisation theory and the implications of a notional social autopoiesis.
		While they introduce concepts (including autopoiesis) which they believe have some conceptual relevance to this topic, the nature of the relevance is addressed only sketchily and it is unclear what their central argument is. In some cases it is also unclear why the concepts were introduced as few clear conclusions about their relevance are drawn.
	jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk /6/1/reviews/goldspink.html (8291 words)

	Stafford Beer
		Against this background, let us consider Autopoiesis, and try to answer the question: `What is it?' The authors say: `Our purpose is to understand the organization of living systems in relation to their unitary character''.
		Autopoiesis says that something that exists may turn out to be unrecognizable when you next observe it.
		Autopoiesis as a concept propounds a theoretical framework within which to cope with the confusion that arises from the subjective recognition of `the system' and the arbitrary classification of its inputs and outputs.
	www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk /~jwjhix/Beer.html (4231 words)

	Polyphony and embodiment: a critical approach to the theory of autopoiesis
		Autopoiesis as communication system presupposes the possibility of further communication which cannot be accomplished without language, although language accepts other kinds of communication without language (Luhmann 1997: 205-206).
		The autopoiesis of social systems is based on communication: social systems produce and reproduce processes of communication which define the boundaries between system and environment.
		For an analysis of the theory of autopoiesis in the historical context of cybernetics see chapter six of Hayles: “The second wave of cybernetics: from reflexivity of self-organization” (Hayles1999: 131-159).
	www.sibetrans.com /trans/trans9/chagas.htm (14790 words)

	Third Order
		In this sense, the organizational closure required by the concept of autopoiesis states that these processes must be cybernetically self-regulated within the autopoietic entity to homeostatically maintain the fluxes necessary to maintain the entity's state of organization.
		Although autopoiesis is about dynamic processes, because they were seeking a minimal definition for the distinction between life and death, MandV explicitly excluded requirements for growth, reproduction, competition and evolution in the basic definition of autopoiesis (Varela et al.
		World 3 is the world of products of cognition (autopoiesis) formed in world 2 that are able to persist independently of any autopoietic entity but have the capacity to perturb/influence the cybernetic cognition of autopoietic individuals (or the one individual at other times).
	www.orgs-evolution-knowledge.net /Index/Essays/third_order-social_autopoiesis.htm (2990 words)

	Book review of Humberto Maturana
		Autopoiesis is the process by which an organism continously reorganizes its own structure.
		Autopoiesis generates a structural coupling with the environment: the structure of the nervous system of an organism generates patterns of activity that are triggered by perturbations from the environment and that contribute to the continuing autopoiesis of the organism.
		Autopoiesis is necessary and sufficient to characterize a living system.
	www.thymos.com /mind/maturana.html (605 words)

	AUTOPOIESIS, CULTURE , AND SOCIETY
		The fact that men are also cultural beings lead them to operate their autopoiesis in a different manner — different and pathologic, because it is a self-aggressive one.
		It seems that the excess of non-linearity of thought is as noxious to autopoiesis (that is, for life) as the excess of linearity (that is, of rationality).
		As a consequence, the idea of autopoiesis, when applied as an instrument of social analysis, confirms the conclusion already established by other means of investigation — that our societies are self-mutilating, pathologic systems.
	www.oikos.org /mariotti.htm (4201 words)

	COGNITIVE AUTOPOIESIS
		For Maturana and Varela [26], autopoiesis refers to the processes by which organisms act on their environments in order to provide the conditions for their own continued functioning.
		Cognitive autopoiesis refers to the active means by which agents structure their environments in order to provide the conditions for the own cognitive activities.
		But in fact the phenomena of cognitive autopoiesis reveal that the lifeworld has a great deal of living structure, and that this structure is actively maintained by agents while also providing crucial preconditions for their own cognition.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /afs/cs/project/jair/pub/volume6/agre97a-html/node26.html (1281 words)

	Autopoiesis
		Specifically autopoiesis is attributed to a machine (delineated as a network of processes) which through that network of processes produces the components that:
		The condition of a system able to regenerate itself by self -reproduction of its own elements and of the network of their characteristic interactions.
		The perspective of autopoiesis, in which organisms are described "from the inside out", proposes a basic shift in the observer-object relationship behaind traditional scientific observation
	www.imprint.co.uk /thesaurus/autopoiesis.htm (199 words)

	B. McMullin (ed) (1992) Autopoiesis and Perception
		As everybody here knows, autopoiesis is a neologism, introduced in 1971 by H. Maturana and myself to designate the organization of a minimal living system.
		Since the crisis of classical cognitive science has thrown open the issue of intentionality, in my eyes autopoiesis provides a natural entry into a view of intentionalty that is seminal in answering the major obstacles that have been addressed recently.
		Autopoiesis is a very powerful way of looking at and dealing with autonomous systems.
	www.univie.ac.at /constructivism/pub/mcmullin92 (1806 words)

	BJSOnline - Autopoiesis and socialization: on Luhmann's reconceptualization of communication (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Abstracted from its biological connotations, the concept of autopoiesis leads to a sharp distinction between different kinds of autopoietic organization, i.e.
		After a historical overview of social systems research and general systems theory, it is indicated how communications trigger further communications and realize the autopoiesis of social systems.
		Both a revision of the concept of socialization, and lines for an empirical research programme are proposed in accordance with Luhmann's theory of social systems.
	www.lse.ac.uk /serials/Bjs/aut300.htm (234 words)

	Some Remarks on Autocatalysis and Autopoiesis
		They conceived of autopoiesis as specifying an organization which might be realizable with a variety of material components--not just the specific biochemical molecular species that happen to be characteristic of life on Earth.
		On the face of it this suggests that autopoiesis is a significantly weaker notion than that of self-sustaining network, even to the point of being too weak to be of any interest.
		The critical distinction is that autopoiesis specifically requires that this confinement should itself be in some sense a product of the confined reaction network, whereas collective autocatalysis is assumed to rely on some independent confinement mechanism.
	www.eeng.dcu.ie /~alife/bmcm9901/html-single (5534 words)

	Charles François - International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The existence of communicators in non-human systems has not be researched to any great extent, save in ethology.
		However the presence, at the genetic level, for example, of elements, specific bearers of the communication function seems to be essential to explain organizational closure and autopoiesis in living systems.
		The autopoiesis and organisational closure concept give merely some inklings into these topics.
	www.uni-klu.ac.at /~gossimit/ifsr/francois/encyclopedia.htm (2176 words)

	Bob
		The term "autopoiesis" was introduced by Maturana and Varela [1] around 1972 by combining the Greek words auto (self-) and poiesis (creation, production) to refer to the mechanism by which living systems continually produce themselves as autonomous unities.
		In the publication quoted above [1], Maturana and Varela bridge autopoiesis with cognition: "Living systems are cognitive systems, and living is a process of cognition" and "For every living system, its organization implies a prediction of a niche, and the niche thus predicted as a domain of classes of interaction constitutes its entire cognitive reality".
		As we mentioned above, autopoiesis is entirely permeated by the idea of the all-embracing connectivity (interdependence and intercorrelation) of the phenomena, processes and systems manifested in the universe.
	www.zulenet.com /VladimirDimitrov/pages/apspirit.html (3938 words)

	Intrapersonal Autopoiesis by Vladimir Dimitrov and Robert Ebsary
		Maturana and Varela introduced the idea of autopoiesis as a form of system organization where the system as a whole produces and replaces its own components in an on-going structural coupling with the surrounding environment.
		Intrapersonal Autopoiesis that manifests itself in an individual cannot be transplanted into the inner space of another individual.
		Its reproduction and evolution in an unbreakable coupling with the universe is at the focus of the Intrapersonal Autopoiesis.
	www.pnc.com.au /~lfell/vlad2.html (2297 words)

	CiteULike: Autopoiesis and Cognition : The Realization of the Living (Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Autopoiesis and Cognition : The Realization of the Living (Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science)
		During the investigations, it was found that a complete linguistic description pertaining to the ‘organization of the living’ was lacking and, in fact, was hampering the reporting of results.
		Hence, the authors have coined the word ‘autopoiesis’ to replace the expression ‘circular organization’.
	www.citeulike.org /user/tystl/article/459711 (445 words)

	Autopoiesis and Enaction: The Observer Web
		The Study Plan is a suggested syllabus for exploring the literature on autopoiesis and enaction.
		The question of whether or not something is autopoietic can only be addressed once you have a means for evaluating autopoiesis.
		The Autopoiesis Checklist, adapted from that 1974 paper, is a quick guide to evaluating whether or not an entity is autopoietic.
	www.enolagaia.com /AT.html (1931 words)

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