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Topic: Autoxidation

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	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		Autoxidation of polyunsaturated lipids involves a free radical chain reaction that is most frequently initiated by exposure of lipids to light, ionisation radiation, metal ions and metalloprotein catalysts.
		Accelerated methods to induce autoxidation and photoxidation of the oils and to evaluate antioxidant activity were adapted from Tsaknis, (1996).
		During thermal autoxidation in the dark, (Oven heating and Rancimat), radical autoxidation occurs when hydroperoxides and peroxides are breaking down and generating more free radicals to maintain the chain reaction.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?ft02017 (2608 words)

	Pyruvate Released by Astrocytes Protects Neurons from Copper-Catalyzed Cysteine Neurotoxicity -- Wang and Cynader 21 ...
		The reaction conditions to assess cysteine autoxidation were 37°C and pH 7.4 in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO and 95% air.
		Kachur AV, Koch CJ, Biaglow JE (1999) Mechanism of copper-catalyzed autoxidation of cysteine.
		Nath KA, Salahudeen AK (1993) Autoxidation of cysteine generates hydrogen peroxide: cytotoxicity and attenuation by pyruvate.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/21/10/3322 (6265 words)

	L38. IRON-CATALYZED OXIDATION OF BISULFITE AQUEOUS SOLUTION AS A BRANCHING REACTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Autoxidation of bisulfite catalyzed by iron is reviewed on the basis of available experimental data with stress the kinetics of the reaction.
		A guidance line is given to identify the conditions where the branching reaction works and to elucidate the kinetics of the autoxidation for arbitrary catalyst/substrate contents.
		The kinetics of the inhibited autoxidation in the presence of benzene and that initiated by external sources of the oxysulfur and HO radicals that is applicable for SO oxidation in the tropospheric cloud droplets and for the wet-processes of flue gas desulfurisation as well is discussed.
	www.cstl.nist.gov /div838/kinet_conf/agenda/l_session/l38.html (225 words)

	Comparative Analysis of Autoxidation of Haemoglobin -- Jensen 204 (11): 2029 -- Journal of Experimental Biology
		Examples of the time-dependence of the autoxidation reaction for hagfish (Myxine glutinosa) and carp (Cyprinus carpio) oxyhaemoglobin (oxyHb) at various temperatures.
		Temperature-dependence of autoxidation of hagfish, carp, yellowfin tuna, lamprey and pig oxyhaemoglobins.
		Mechanism of autoxidation and the role of the distal histidine
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/204/11/2029 (3053 words)

	Biochemistry #I
		Autoxidation rates are about 50 times faster than that of sperm whale myoglobin.
		Autoxidation of Hb is often attributed to dissociation of superoxide ion (O2-) from oxyHb.
		The approximately linear relationship between the log of the autoxidation rate and the log of the oxygen dissociation constant of Mb mutants, observed by Brantley et al.
	www.biosci.ohio-state.edu /~mgonzalez/biochem1/bch1.html (4940 words)

	Autoxidation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Autoxidation is any oxidation that occurs in open air or in presence of oxygen and/or UV radiation and forms peroxides and hydroperoxides.
		A classic example of autoxidation is that of simple ethers like diethyl ether whose peroxides can be dangerously explosive.
		Reactions of importance include: hydrolysis, saponification, reduction and autoxidation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Autoxidation (82 words)

	INABIS '98 - The Posible Role of One-electron Reduction of Aminochrome in the Neurodegenerative Process of Dopaminergic ...
		The effect of superoxide dismutase and catalase on the autoxidation of aminochrome during one- and two-electron reduction of aminochrome catalyzed by NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase and DT-diaphorase, respectively (BRC).
		The chemistry of autoxidation of o-hydroquinone was found to be completely difference since superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide are mainly responsible of autoxidation of the o-hydroquinone (96% of the total oxygen-dependent autoxidation) (3, 14).
		Aminochrome o-semiquinone is extremely reactive and autoxidize in the presence of oxygen giving rise a redox cycling process which is accelerated by the antioxidant superoxide dismutase and catalase (2).
	www.mcmaster.ca /inabis98/kostrzewa/segura-aguilar0402/two.html (1583 words)

	oxidation products1
		Fatty acids may be autoxidized either in free form or combined into glycerolipids or glycolipids.
		Nitrolinoleate has been shown to be present in plasma and cell lipids and to have vasomotor activity.
		The mixture obtained by autoxidation of arachidonic acid or its esters is formed by six hydroperoxide compounds with trans-cis diene stereochemistry and hydroperoxide substitution at C5, C8, C9, C11, C12 and C15.
	www.cyberlipid.org /perox/oxid0007.htm (1209 words)

	Oxidation inhibitor and compositions containing the same - Patent 4122033
		Reasons for this are that the transition from catalysts to inhibitor has usually been observed to occur at relatively high concentrations; second, that the reasons why an abrupt change from catalyst to inhibitor takes place has not been understood and third, it has been impossible to predict the critical concentration level.
		It is an object of a third embodiment of this invention to provide various organic compositions comprising the inhibitor of the second embodiment and added thereto in accordance with the method of the first embodiment such that the same will exhibit improved oxidation stability.
		This new understanding arises from the recognition that before a transition metal can become a strong inhibitor by terminating autoxidation through either reaction (11) or (12), it is essential that the metal be present in the system at a concentration in excess of the concentration of peroxide present in the system.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4122033.html (8806 words)

	Drying oil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term "drying" is actually somewhat of a misnomer, since the oil does not harden through the evaporation of water or other solvents, but through a chemical reaction in which oxygen is absorbed from the environment (autoxidation).
		Oils with an iodine number greater than 130 are considered drying, those with an iodine number of 115-130 are semi-drying, and those with an iodine number of less than 115 are non-drying.
		The "drying", hardening, or, more properly, curing of oils is the result of an exothermic reaction in the form of autoxidation and is chemically equivalent to slow, flameless combustion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Drying_oil (1032 words)

	Influence of Lipoxygenase Activity and Autoxidation on Flavor and Aroma of Soy Oil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The so-called "flavor reversion" in soy oil is attributed to the presence of high concentrations of linolenic acid, and subsequent formation of hydroperoxides which result in further autoxidation of linolenate and linoleate (Franker, 1980).
		During the autoxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, hydroperoxides are formed that are assumed to decompose into volatile compounds.
		In soy oils, autoxidation is considered to be the primary cause of flavor deterioration.
	www.ag.uiuc.edu /~stratsoy/ispob_db/lor_html/96.html (2429 words)

	Institute of Organic Chemistry BAS - Lab Chemistry of lipids
		· A number of theoretical correlations have been found with a view to elucidating the autoxidation mechanism and kinetics of important lipid constituents such as fatty acids with different type and degree of unsaturation in form of methyl and glyceryl esters, various alkylglycerols (alkoxy lipids), sitosterol (free and esterified).
		· The prooxidative action of lipid hydroxy compounds (fatty alcohols and partial acylglycerols) in lipid autoxidation has been proved to be due to acceleration of hydroperoxide decomposition into free radicals, as well as to decreasing of the antioxidant effectiveness.
		The latter effect is on the account of formation of a complex between the phenolic group of the antioxidant and the hydroxy group of the compounds in question, thus blocking the antioxidative function of the inhibitor.
	www.orgchm.bas.bg /labs/cl/res_cl.html (664 words)

	NEL, Melatonin suppresses autoxidation and lipid peroxidation...
		Melatonin suppresses autoxidation and hydrogen peroxide-induced lipid peroxidation in monkey brain homogenate
		Herein, we investigated whether melatonin would suppress autoxidation and exogenous hydrogen peroxide-induced lipid peroxidation in monkey cerebral cortical homogenates.
		The concentrations of melatonin required to suppress lipid peroxidation resulting from autoxidation or induced by exogenous oxidants in monkey cerebral cortical homogenates were in the same dose range.
	www.nel.edu /21_5/2orig1_Tan_Reiter.htm (307 words)

	[No title]
		Many lines of evidence have linked oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induced by catecholamines and L-DOPA to various disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, atherosclerosis, etc. SOD activity, XO activity, and the level of lipid peroxidation in rat brains were not changed after treatment with R-($-$)-deprenyl or (±)-M-2-PP.
		It was demonstrated that R-($-$)-deprenyl, (±)-M-2-PP, and (±)-2-HxMP were unable to suppress the autoxidation of dopamine in vitro.
		Autoxidation of adrenaline or noradrenaline was shown to induce endothelial injury.
	library2.usask.ca /theses/available/etd-10202004-235807 (376 words)

	ISEO: FAQ#10
		Of particular interest in the food field is the process of oxidation induced by air at room temperature referred to as "autoxidation." Ordinarily, this is a slow process which occurs only to a limited degree.
		Initially, peroxides are formed which in turn break down to hydrocarbons, ketones, aldehydes, and smaller amounts of epoxides and alcohols.
		The result of the autoxidation of fats and oils is the development of objectionable flavors and odors characteristic of the condition known as "oxidative rancidity." Some fats resist this change to a remarkable extent while others are more susceptible depending on the degree of unsaturation, the presence of antioxidants, and other factors.
	www.iseo.org /faq10.htm (571 words)

	Oxidative damage caused by free radicals produced during catecholamine autoxidation: protective effects of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Catecholamine autoxidation produces reactive oxygen species that have been implicated in the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal region of the brain that occurs during normal aging and in Parkinson's disease.
		In the present study, the potential protective effects of catecholamine O-methylation and of melatonin against catecholamine autoxidation-induced protein damage were assessed in vitro using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay.
		These findings were consistent with the following interpretations: (1) O-methylated catecholamines are less susceptible to autoxidation than their nonmethylated precursors, and (2) melatonin, which has recently been shown to be a powerful antioxidant, is capable of scavenging free radicals produced during catecholamine autoxidation.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_8818640.html (249 words)

	Mechanism of Superoxide and Hydrogen Peroxide Formation by Fumarate Reductase, Succinate Dehydrogenase, and Aspartate ...
		autoxidation and the inhibitory effect of lowering the flavin
		was not the result of spurious autoxidation of free flavin.
		Reduced Frd may be unusually disposed to autoxidation because electrons migrate toward its FAD.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/277/45/42563 (5938 words)

	42-5 The effect of carbon monoxide on autoxidation, peroxidase and pro-oxidative activity of hemoglobin from tilapia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The effect of carbon monoxide on autoxidation, peroxidase and pro-oxidative activity of hemoglobin from tilapia
		The objective was to compare CO-Hb with oxy-Hb from tilapia for rate of autoxidation, peroxidase and pro-oxidative activities under different environmental conditions.
		The peroxidase activity of Hb was assayed (pH 6-8) using guaiacol as the substrate and monitoring the reaction at 470 nm.
	ift.confex.com /ift/2003/techprogram/paper_19525.htm (344 words)

	Oil paint - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The drying of oils is the result of an oxidative reaction, chemically equivalent to slow, flameless combustion.
		In this process, a form of autoxidation, oxygen attacks the hydrocarbon chain, touching off a series of addition reactions.
		A large number of free fatty acids are also produced during autoxidation, as most of the original ester bonds in the triglycerides undergo hydrolysis.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Oil_paint (2114 words)

	Table of contents for Library of Congress control number 2001053915 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Autoxidative Polymerization of Vegetable Oils and Resins 1.2.3.
		Studies on the Autoxidative Crosslinking of Emulsified Soya Oil 3.3.1.
		Studies of the Autoxidative Crosslinking of Emulsified Alkyd Particles 3.4.1.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/fy02/2001053915.html (169 words)

	Myeloperoxidase Potentiates Nitric Oxide-mediated Nitrosation -- Lakshmi et al. 280 (3): 1746 -- Journal of Biological ...
		Autoxidation of NO results in the formation of N
		For nitrosation of IQ during autoxidation, the concentration of SpN was 0.4 m
		Nitrosation due to autoxidation of NO is a slow process (Fig.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/280/3/1746 (4302 words)

	General Chemistry Online: Glossary: Laboratory operations
		Minimum temperature at which the vapor/air mixture over a liquid spontaneously catches fire.
		Autoxidation makes ether taken from half-filled bottles very dangerous, because air oxidizes ether to highly explosive organic peroxides.
		A gas burner with adjustable air intake, commonly used in laboratories.
	antoine.frostburg.edu /chem/senese/101/safety/glossary.shtml (108 words)

	Autoxidation and Antioxidation (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This is due to a reaction between lipid molecules and molecular oxygen, which is called autoxidation or lipid peroxidation.
		Paints, rubber, and plastics, for example, also undego autoxidation and therefore need protection.
		The membranes of living human cells also contain lipids, most of which are phospholipids based on glycerol and polyunsaturated fatty-acid side-chains (see Figure 1).
	cqb.fc.ul.pt.cob-web.org:8888 /menergetics/autoxidation_and_antioxidation.htm (611 words)

	A Mycothiol Synthase Mutant of Mycobacterium smegmatis Produces Novel Thiols and Has an Altered Thiol Redox Status -- ...
		Autoxidation reactions were conducted at 30°C with 50 mM
		autoxidation in the cell at an unusually rapid rate or from
		Autoxidation of thiols in the presence of 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.3, containing 0.3 µM CuSO
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/187/21/7309 (5015 words)

	Structure-Function Relationships in Unusual Nonvertebrate Globins -- Shikama and Matsuoka 39 (4): 217 -- Critical ...
		The computed curve (—) was obtained by a least-squares fitting to the experimental points over the whole range of pH studied, based on Equation (2.8) for sperm whale MbO
		The rate of the autoxidation reaction is therefore given
		a slope of n = –0.4 for the acidic autoxidation.
	www.crbmb.com /cgi/content/full/39/4/217 (8775 words)

	Characterization of specifically oxidized apolipoproteins in mildly oxidized high density lipoprotein -- Pankhurst et ...
		, and apoA-II during the course of autoxidation in plasma.
		to inhibit apolipoprotein autoxidation, as was the impact of
		Autoxidation of human low density lipoprotein: loss of polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E and generation of aldehydes.
	www.jlr.org /cgi/content/full/44/2/349 (4240 words)

	IngentaConnect Comparison of volatile compounds formed by autoxidation and photo... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		IngentaConnect Comparison of volatile compounds formed by autoxidation and photo...
		Comparison of volatile compounds formed by autoxidation and photosensitized oxidation of cod liver oil in emulsion systems
		Volatile compounds formed by photosensitized oxidation and autoxidation of cod liver oil were compared.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bsc/fis/2005/00000071/00000003/art00021 (293 words)

	NIA - National Institute on Aging - National Institutes of Health (NIH) (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The section is presently involved in studying the structural and dynamic factors in hemoglobin, which regulate the binding of oxygen, the uptake and release of nitric oxide,as well as autoxidation with its associated release of superoxide.
		The finding that autoxidation of hemoglobin is appreciably enhanced at reduced oxygen pressures, has led to the proposal of a novel method for producing oxyradicals under hypoxic conditions.
		Studies are being performed on erythrocytes, interaction of erythrocytes with other tissues and with whole animals to determine to what extent this mechanism contributes to the pathophysiology of aging.
	www.nih.gov.cob-web.org:8888 /about/almanac/organization/NIA.htm (7962 words)

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