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Topic: Autumn Harvest Uprising

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	Hunan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The population continued to climb until, by the 19th century, Hunan was overcrowded and prone to peasant uprisings.
		The Taiping Rebellion (Taiping Tianguo Peasants Uprising or Peaceful Heaven Peasants Uprising) which began to the south in Guangxi Province in 1850 spread into Hunan and then further eastward along the Yangzi River valley, but ultimately it was a Hunanese army under Zeng Guofan which marched to Nanjing and put down the uprising in 1864.
		Hunan was relatively quiet until 1910 when there were uprisings against the crumbling Qing dynasty, which were followed by the Communist's Autumn Harvest Uprising of 1927 led by Hunanese native Mao Zedong.
	www.hackettstown.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Hunan (1080 words)

	Jinggangshan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After the Kuomintang (KMT) turned against the Communist Party during the Shanghai Massacre of 1927, the Communists either went underground or fled to the countryside.
		Following the unsuccessful Autumn Harvest Uprising in Changsha, Mao Zedong led his 1000 remaining men to Jinggangshan, where he set up his first peasant soviet.
		Zhu De and his 1000 remaining troops, who had participated in the abortive Nanchang Uprising, joined Mao Zedong toward the end of April 1928.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jinggang_Mountains (1052 words)

	Chinese Civil War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A new policy was instituted calling on the CPC to foment armed insurrections in both urban and rural areas in preparation for an expected rising tide of revolution.
		Unsuccessful attempts were made by Communists to take cities such as Nanchang, Changsha, Shantou, and Guangzhou, and an armed rural insurrection, known as the Autumn Harvest Uprising, was staged by peasants in Hunan Province.
		The Nationalist government announced that in conformity with Sun Yat-sen's formula for the three stages of revolution — military unification, political tutelage, and constitutional democracy — China had reached the end of the first phase and would embark on the second, which would be under KMT direction.
	www.peekskill.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Chinese_Civil_War (2988 words)

	phorum - Chinese Culture Forum at Asiawind - Mao Zedong's poetry - Autumn Harvest Uprising ...
		Mao Zedong's poetry - Autumn Harvest Uprising 秋收起義
		It is cloudy towards the end of the season for autumn harvesting,
		On September 9, 1927, the regiment of the police force stationed in Xiushui (修水), whose commander was Lu Deming (盧德銘), a Communist, the coal mine workers at Anyuan Coal Mine (安源煤礦場), the peasant volunteers from Pingjiang (平江) and Liuyang (瀏陽), together staged the Autumn Harvest Uprising.
	www.asiawind.com /forums/read.php?f=2&t=2900&a=1 (504 words)

	page2
		Later in the year, after the split of the K.M.T-CCP alliance (Kuomingtang and the Central Committee of the Party) Mao was sent back to Hunan and Kingsi to organize the Autumn Harvest uprising.
		The Autumn Harvest Uprising began on September 9 with four "regiments" comprising coal miners, peasants and soldiers who had defected from he Kuomingtang.
		The uprising began with some success, but then problems and disagreement led to fighting between the regiments.
	www.csuchico.edu /~cheinz/syllabi/fall99/lee/page2.html (689 words)

	Blick: Letter - Canton Commune
		In its resolution of 15 December 1927 on the Canton events, the Executive Committee of the Communist International demanded that workers “hasten to the help of the Chinese Soviets” and proclaimed, as one of its two slogans, “Long live Soviet power in China!” However, there is no mention, as yet, of a Commune.
		The Ninth ECCI Plenum (25 February 1928) described the “Canton uprising” (not ‘commune’) as an “heroic attempt to organise Soviet power in China”, a policy which despite the uprising’s failure, was said to be still the task of the day.
		Defending the policy which produced the Canton tragedy, the Resolution declared that “the Nanchang insurrection, the Autumn Harvest uprising, and especially the Canton Commune, did not constitute adventurism...”.
	www.marxists.org /history/etol/revhist/backiss/vol3/no4/letblick.html (522 words)

	MSN Encarta - Print Preview - Mao Zedong
		The KMT broke with the CCP in 1927 and KMT leader Chiang Kai-shek, who had taken control of the KMT after Sun Yat-sen’s death in 1925, launched a violent purge against the Communists.
		In battles that became known as the Autumn Harvest Uprising, Mao led a small peasant army in Hunan against local landlords and the KMT.
		His forces were defeated and Mao retreated south to mountainous Jiangxi province where he established a base area in 1929 known as the Jiangxi Soviet.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761559589___5/Mao_Zedong.html (693 words)

	Chapter 11, Section a6- Nationalist Movements (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the Nanchang Uprising (August), the first major Kuomintang-Communist engagement of the war, Communist forces under Zhu De (Chu Teh) were defeated, withdrawing to the Ching-kang Mountains of western Kiangsi.
		A new policy was instituted calling on the CCP to foment armed insurrections in both urban and rural areas in preparation for an expected rising tide of revolution.
		The insurrection was led by Mao Zedong (1893-1976), who would later become chairman of the CCP and head of state of the People's Republic of China.
	www.ibiblio.org /chinesehistory/contents/c11sa06.html (797 words)

	phorum - Chinese Culture Forum at Asiawind - 110th anniversary of Mao Zedong (5)
		On the first of August 1927 the CCP staged an uprising in Nanchang («n©÷).
		On 8th September, 1927, Mao Ze-Dong (¤ò¿AªF) led a group of peasants and staged an uprising called the Autumn Harvest Uprising (¬î¦¬¼É°Ê) in Hunan province (´ò«n¬Ù).
		After the Nanchang uprising and having wandered the Hakka regions in the provinces of Fujian (ºÖ«Ø¬Ù) and Guangdong (¼sªF¬Ù), in April 1928 Zhu De (¦¶¼w), a Hakka originally from Sichuan province (¥¤t¬Ù), leading a force of about
	www.asiawind.com /forums/read.php?f=2&i=2918&t=2908 (610 words)

	BBC News \| Special Reports \| China's Communist Revolution
		Born to a Hunanese peasant family, Mao Zedong's experience of oppression led him to join the emerging Chinese Communist Party as a founder member in the 1920s.
		He led the disastrous Autumn Harvest Uprising in Hunan in 1927, following the Communist split from the nationalist Kuomintang party.
		After withstanding five encirclement campaigns launched by nationalist leader Chiang Kai Shek, Mao led the Red Army on the Long March.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/static/special_report/1999/09/99/china_50/mao.htm (89 words)

	Autobiographical Notes on Mao Tse-tung
		Uprisings had occurred in western and eastern Hupeh, in the winter of 1927, and these furnished the basis for new soviet districts.
		After the failure of the Canton Uprising, P'eng P'ai had led part of the loyal troops to Hailufeng, and there formed a soviet, which, following a policy of putschism, was soon destroyed.
		These tactics were severely criticized by Li Li-san, who advocated the concentration of all weapons in the hands of the Red Army, and the absorption of all partisan groups.
	www.etext.org /Politics/MIM/faq/bionotes.html (20052 words)

	Maoist economic strategy
		Peng fought against the Communists during the Autumn Harvest Uprising of 1927.
		Peasant uprisings in Chinese history have been rare, only seven uprisings in four thousand years of recorded history up to modern time.
		The Boxers Uprising of 1900, the Chinese name for which is Yiwuotuan (Righteous Harmony Brigade), would be an extremist xenophobic movement.
	www.marxmail.org /archives/June99/maoist_economic_strategy.htm (18473 words)

	carol duvall autumn crafts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Welcome to the carol duvall autumn crafts resource section of our website.
		In Chicago, Emilie Autumn fashions both a set of fairy wings and some sushi soap...
		Are you tired of the same old autumn wreath...
	www.mycityshops.com /info/autumn/carol_duvall_autumn_crafts.html (489 words)

	PPW: A New-Type Revolution of the Wrong Type
		The Autumn Harvest Uprising led by Mao was launched in September 1927 on the Hunan-Kiangsi border.
		It was the same army that fought in the three great uprisings in the latter half of 1927 and a part of which retreated and converged at the Chingkang Mountains.
		We need only look at the strikes by the workers, the uprisings by the peasants, the mutinies of the soldiers and the strikes of the students which are developing in many places to see that it cannot be long before a 'spark' kindles a 'prairie fire'.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/54a/179.html (19010 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In 1926, he was sent by the party to engage in the soldiers' movement among the troops of Sichuan warlord Yang Sen and, together with Comrades Zhu De and Liu Bocheng, participated in the organizational preparations for the Lushun Uprising.
		After the main force of the insurrectionary army was defeated in the Chaoshan area, he assisted Comrade Zhu De in reorganizing the troops and fighting the enemy in the borders of Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi, and Hunan.
		Later, they brought the army to Jinggangshan, joined forces with the troops of the Autumn Harvest Uprising led by Comrade Mao Zedong, and turned them into the Fourth Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.
	www.phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de /oasien/china/service/bbc/010825.txt (10855 words)

	PROBLEMS OF STRATEGY IN CHINA'S REVOLUTIONARY WAR
		When the imperialist countries organized the Whites for attack, the war was waged under the slogan of defending the Soviets, even when the October Uprising was being prepared, the military mobilization was carried out under the slogan of defending the capital.
		During the Spring and Autumn Era, when the states of Lu and Chi [22] were at war, Duke Chuang of Lu wanted to attack before the Chi troops had tired themselves out, but Tsao Kuei prevented him.
		The Nanchang Uprising [30] and the Canton Uprising [31] failed, and in the Autumn Harvest Uprising [32] the Red Army in the Hunan-Hupeh-Kiangsi border area also suffered several defeats and shifted to the Chingkang Mountains on the Hunan-Kiangsi border.
	www.marxists.org /reference/archive/mao/works/1936/12.htm (20486 words)

	Mao Tse-tung (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In 1921 Mao attended the inaugural meeting of the Chinese Communist Party and became a founding, albeit subordinate, member of the CCP.
		During the first KMT-CCP united front Mao served as the director of the KMT’s Peasant Training Institute, and early 1927 he was dispatched to Hunan province to report on the recent peasant uprisings in the wake of the Northern Expedition.
		Mao barely survived this mishap (he escaped his guards on the way to his execution) and he and his rag-tag band of loyal guerillas found refuge in the Chingkang Mountains.
	www.nwc.navy.mil /chinesecs/players/communists/maotsetung.htm (486 words)

	Eyewitness 03: Anti-Japan Movement: 1921 - 1935 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The uprising failed and the villagers helped my father escape from the Japanese police.
		On Aug. 1, 1927, Mao Zedong led a peasant rebellion, the Autumn Harvest Uprising and formed a peasant army base at Chingkangshan.
		Hailufeng had only 800 troops before the Uprising, but now, there were 2,000 men of the Fourth Division (Yeh Yung commanding), 800 men of the 2nd Division and several thousands Red Guards of Mao Zedung's peasants army.
	www.kimsoft.com /Korea/eyewit03.htm (2665 words)

	PLA History
		The People's Liberation Army (PLA) was built on several millennia of tradition and a century of Western military innovations.
		Mao's military thought grew out of the Red Army's experiences in the late 1930s and early 1940s and formed the basis for the "people's war" concept, which became the doctrine of the Red Army and the PLA.
		In developing his thought, Mao drew on the works of the Chinese military strategist Sun Zi (fourth century B.C.) and Soviet and other theorists, as well as on the lore of peasant uprisings, such as the stories found in the classical novel Shuihu Zhuan (Water Margin) and the stories of the Taiping Rebellion.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/china/pla-history.htm (4242 words)

	Untitled Document
		The Communists, under the leadership of Mao Zedong, began to protest the Nationalist government with uprisings of the peasants.
		The first of the numerous insurrections was the Autumn Harvest Uprising in1927.
		Although this failed, Zedong was beginning the process of making a name for himself that would eventually help him become the leader of the Communist Party.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~jamackay/chinahistory.html (824 words)

	Chiang Kai-shek
		Elected an alternate member on the Central Political Bureau at the meeting, Mao Zedong was then sent back to Hunan by the Party Central Committee.
		On September 9 he led the Autumn-Harvest Uprising on the Hunan-Jiangxi border.
		On May 21 the Xu Kexiang Uprising occurred in Hunan.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWchaing.htm (1978 words)

	Living Revolution \| PLA
		When the company was first organized, Comrade Lin Piao was appointed commander, It played a heroic part in the Nanchang Uprising on August 1, 1927, which was led by the Communist Party of China.
		In April, 1928, the armies of the Nanchang Uprising came to the Chingkang Mountains, China's first red revolutionary base built up personally by Comrade Mao Tse-tung, and joined forces with the armies of the Autumn Harvest Uprising under the command of Comrade Mao Tse-tung.
		They help the people in spring ploughing and autumn harvesting, summer hoeing and winter storing.
	www.morningsun.org /living/pla/cp_heroic_company.html (1220 words)

	AllRefer.com - China - Historical Development, 1927-79 - From the Founding of the People's Liberation Army to the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It traces its origins to the August 1, 1927, Nanchang Uprising in which Guomindang troops led by Chinese Communist Party leaders Zhu De and Zhou Enlai rebelled following the dissolution of the first Guomindang-Chinese Communist Party united front earlier that year.
		The survivors of that and other abortive communist insurrections, including the Autumn Harvest Uprising led by Mao Zedong, fled to the Jinggang Mountains along the border of Hunan and Jiangxi provinces.
		Joining forces under the leadership of Mao and Zhu, this collection of communists, bandits, Guomindang deserters, and impoverished peasants became the First Workers' and Peasants' Army, or Red Army--the military arm of the Chinese Communist Party.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/china/china359.html (1073 words)

	The Long March -- Kathryn Kolata
		Mao organized the Autumn Harvest rebellions hoping that the peasants would be particularly unhappy and angry at their government.
		Mao was captured and had to bribe his way out of captivity, eventually leading some of his troops to the mountains of Chingkangshan on the border of Hunan and Kiangsi.
		Because of Mao’s unfortunate handling of the Autumn Harvest Uprising he was expelled from the Politburo.
	www.iusb.edu /~journal/1999/Paper8.html (6317 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search View - Mao Zedong
		Afraid to disappoint their leaders, peasants falsified grain production numbers.
		Several poor harvests caused massive famine and the deaths of millions of people throughout China.
		Mao’s policies had failed, but those in the government who criticized him directly, such as Peng Dehuai, were humiliated and purged from office.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761559589__1/Mao_Zedong.html (1647 words)

	Chapter 2 The Years of Bad Omen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The uprising spread to Myongchun, Dan-chun and other farm villages in the Hamgyong Province.
		On August 1, 1927, Mao Zedong led a peasant rebellion, the Autumn Harvest Uprising and formed a peasant army base at Chingkangshan.
		Hailufeng had only 800 troops before the Uprising, but now, there were 2,000 men of Gen. Yeh Yung’d Fourth Division, 800 men of the 2nd Division and several thousands Red Guards of Mao Zedung's peasants army.
	www.kimsoft.com /2001/abook04.htm (5802 words)

	A Biography of Mao Tse-Tung (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The actual founding of the CCP can be dated to the ‘May 4 Uprising’ in 1919 when thousands of students took to the streets to protest against the concessions given to Japan under the Paris Peace Conference.
		Secondly, because Chiang had cut down the left wing of the KMT, he was forced to lean on the right and this began to estrange the KMT from the peasants.
		However Mao took such great losses he and his forces were forced to draw back after just one week with only a thousand dispirited soldiers left; from then on Mao stayed in his guerilla base in the high mountains of Chingkangshan and worked outward from there.
	www.geocities.com /franith (3681 words)

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