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Topic: Autumn Olive

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	VA NHP Autumn Olive & Russian Olive Fact Sheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Autumn olive is a deciduous shrub or small tree in the Oleaster family.
		Autumn olive is drought tolerant and may invade grasslands and sparse woodlands.
		Autumn olive was planted in the eastern and central United States for re vegetation of disturbed areas.
	www.vnps.org /invasive/inveleag.htm (628 words)

	winemaking: requested recipe (Autumn Olive Wine)
		Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata), is a native of China, Korea and Japan and related to the Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia), another Asian native.
		The Autumn olive was imported to North America in the early 19th century and quickly escaped cultivation.
		Autumn olive fruit in July (left) and September (right).
	winemaking.jackkeller.net /request115.asp (427 words)

	Elaeagnus umbellata
		Autumn olive is an evergreen shrub that reaches between three and sixteen feet in height.
		Autumn olive is prominent near abandoned fields, forest and pasture edges, roadsides, and vacant areas along the entire eastern coast of the United States, spreading as far west as Louisiana, Wisconsin, Missouri, and Nebraska.
		Autumn olive is an extremely fast growing shrub that produces a significant amount of fruit per season, usually dispersed by birds.
	oncampus.richmond.edu /academics/biology/plants/Pages/elaeagnus_umbellata.htm (182 words)

	A Great Seeder, Elaeagnus umbellata – Autumn Olive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Thunb., autumn olive is a rapid-growing large shrub that has been widely planted by government agencies for shelterbelts, for food and cover for wildlife, and for roadside reclamation and soil stabilization (Kuhns 1986).
		Autumn olive can be used as a soil forming plant or nurse plant for more desirable species, and slowly be removed as a higher quality ecosystem is established.
		Autumn olive would be a great plant if future genetic technology could create a selection that would have all the benefits of this plant, but would not fruit and become an invasive plant.
	horticulture.coafes.umn.edu /vd/h5015/00papers/stark.htm (2929 words)

	Autumn Olive Control - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Autumn olive is a medium to large shrub, often reaching heights of 20 feet.
		Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.) produces abundant edible fruit, it is normally grown for erosion control due...
		Autumn olive is a deciduous shrub from 3 to 20 feet in height.
	autumn.fabace.com /index.php?k=autumn-olive-control (855 words)

	Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Autumn olive is distinguished from other shrubs by the silvery white scales covering the lower leaf surface and by its elliptical or ovate leaves that often have a slightly wavy margin.
		Autumn olive was introduced into U.S. cultivation in 1830 from its native range in China, Japan, and Korea.
		Autumn olive is easily seen in early spring because its leaves appear while most native vegetation is still dormant.
	www.conservation.state.mo.us /nathis/exotic/vegman/four.htm (1332 words)

	Control of Autumn Olive, Multiflora Rose, and Tartarian Honeysuckle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata), multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora), and tartarian honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica) were introduced to this country for use as conservation plantings.
		It is browsed by deer and barked by cottontail rabbits and meadow mice.
		Autumn olive and multiflora rose are readily eaten by goats and sheep.
	www.caf.wvu.edu /~forage/5412.htm (2090 words)

	Autumn Olive
		Autumn olive was introduced into the United States from east Asia in the 1830's and is now an invasive weed of pastures, hay fields, roadsides, and rights-of-way.
		Autumn olive is found from Maine to Virginia, and west to Wisconsin.
		Autumn olive is similar in appearance to russian olive, but russian olive has leaves that are much more elliptic to lanceolate, and has branches that are usually thorny.
	www.ppws.vt.edu /scott/weed_id/elgum.htm (213 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Autumn Olive: a Potential Alternative Crop
		Interpretive Summary: Autumn olive is a shrub introduced from southern Europe and western and central Asia for ornamental purposes and for its fruit which is attractive to wildlife.
		While investigating the possible uses for the berries of autumn olive as an additional small fruit crop, we found that the pigment from juiced fruit was insoluble in water and 95% alcohol, leading us to believe that the pigment consisted mostly of carotenoid.
		This is the first report on the carotenoid content of autumn olive, and the information may be of use to researchers in the field of human nutrition, and to the small-farm industry as a supplementary crop.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=108888 (303 words)

	Autumn Olive
		Autumn olive is an introduced, fast-growing woody shrub in the Elaeagnaceae (Oleaster) family.
		Autumn olive was introduced into the United States in 1830 from China and Japan.
		Autumn olive is effectively controlled by manual removal of young seedlings.
	www.tneppc.org /Manual/Autumn_Olive.htm (868 words)

	Autumn Olive
		Autumn olive is distinguished from other shrubs in Illinois by the silvery white scales covering the lower leaf surface and by its elliptical or ovate leaves that often have a slightly wavy margin.
		Autumn olive resembles Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia), another exotic shrub, in that leaves of both species appear silvery on the lower surface.
		Autumn olive has been officially recorded from only 6 counties; it is, however, probably found in most counties now.
	www.inhs.uiuc.edu /edu/VMG/autolive.html (1197 words)

	iwfs 005-99 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Autumn olive, a fast-growing woody shrub in the Oleaster family, was introduced into the United States in 1830 from China and Japan.
		Autumn olive is drought tolerant and does not grow well in wet areas.
		Autumn olive now is naturalized in suitable habitats throughout the eastern and midwestern U.S. Autumn olive grows to a height of 20 ft. Its growth habit is bushy with a spreading crown.
	www.weedscience.ncsu.edu /noncroplandweeds/factsheets/iwfs005-99.htm (276 words)

	Autumn Olive ElaeAgnus umbellata thunb. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Autumn Olive, also known as the Elaegnus Umbellata Thunb, is a foreign plant to America but native to China, Korea, and Japan.
		Autumn olive is a deciduous shrub or small tree.
		Autumn olive is easily confused with a closely related species, Russian olive, which is also an invasive species.
	ex.susd.org /kbell/student_work/Autumn_Olive/index.html (272 words)

	Invasives Plant Pests Literature Collection: Autumn olive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		(autumn olive) were isolated by simultaneous steam distillation/extraction and "purge and trap" techniques.
		A number of alien species, including autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.), multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora Thunb.) and Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila L.) were present in relatively high numbers, while the most common native species encountered were poison ivy (Toxicondendron radicans [L.] Kuntze), fl berry (Rubus allegheniensis Porter), and dewberry (Rubus flagellaris L.).
		One of the principal beneficial effects of the autumn olive was to reduce ascospore primary inoculum of the two disease causal agents, Mycosphaerella juglandis Kessler and Gnomonia leptostyla (Fr.) Ces.
	sain.nbii.gov /invasives/common3.shtml (4831 words)

	The Olive Press Autumn 2002: what is the oil content? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		If the moisture were removed by drying, the olives would be half their original weight (50 g), but they would still contain 20 g oil.
		As moisture content changes daily in growing olives, it is critical that moisture is used in the formula to calculate oil content, otherwise the result doesn’t have any significance.
		Although this is not perfectly accurate, as some olive cultivars contain more moisture than others do, this is the best way to compare oil content between cultivars to allow for variation in moisture from day to day.
	www.australianolives.com.au /TOP/Autumn02.html (1057 words)

	Eatingwell » Autumn Olive (autumnberry):lycopene wild (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Her analysis showed that, ounce for ounce, the typical autumn olive berry is up to 17 times higher in lycopene than the typical raw tomato (80-90 per cent of the US intake of this nutrient comes from tomatoes and tomato products).
		Autumn berry trees are native to Asia and were imported to North America from China, Korea and Japan in the nineteenth century.
		Although some farmers and horticulturalists grow autumn olive as a nurse tree, which prepares the ground for fl walnut trees, many consider it too invasive to let stand.
	www.psa-rising.com /eatingwell/wild-foods/autumnolive.htm (1140 words)

	The Sag Harbor Express (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It's called autumn olive, or elaeagnus umbellata Thunberg, and it wreaks havoc in the form of a deciduous shrub or small tree that can reach heights in excess of 20 feet.
		According to Dayton, the autumn olive shrub has taken over 2/3 of the 17 acre parcel, formerly known as vineyard fields, by choking out its native inhabitants.
		Autumn olive seeds are primarily dispersed by birds that forage on its berries.
	www.sagharboronline.com /20030522/news5.htm (520 words)

	New Page
		Autumn olive has been planted extensively for wildlife habitat, strip mine re-vegetation, and erosion control, and also has been marketed widely as an ornamental.
		Because autumn olive spreads by suckering, re-sprouts are common after cutting.
		Autumn olive tends to be more susceptible to triclopyr than to glyphosate, especially prior to late summer.
	www.hort.uconn.edu /cipwg/art_pubs/GUIDE/x12autumn.html (366 words)

	autumn olive - Olive uses from Cooking to Skin Care (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Olives and olive oil are an excellent source of antioxidants and is almost entirely monounsaturated fat (good fat!).
		The autumn olive harvest is a flashpoint between Palestinian farmers and Jewish settlers who regard the West Bank as their own, God-given territory.
		Autumn olive root walking support cane, This has a great unique grain in the handle A shot of the cane with my wolf blanket Shot of the cane on my hickory rocker A shot of my hickory rocker with the...
	www.lolives.com /olivesdirectory/autumnolive (953 words)

	Elaeagnus spp. (Russian Olive, Autumn Olive, Cherry Silverberry)
		Russian olive, autumn olive, and cherry silverberry all native to either Europe or Asia have been introduced into the United States and have become persistent and/or escaping and becoming naturalized.
		Russian olive is found primarily in the central and western U. S., as well as in the East where it occurs with autumn olive.
		In the West, Russian olive occurs mainly in the Great Basin Desert and is also abundant in riparian zones of the Great Plains.
	el.erdc.usace.army.mil /pmis/plants/html/elaeagnu.html (357 words)

	DNR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Autumn olive is a shrub that is native to China, Korea and Japan.
		The fruits are eaten and dispersed by birds, and individual plants can produce over a hundred thousand fruits per year.
		A single autumn olive shrub can be thorny, dense and up to 20 feet in height.
	dnr.state.il.us /lands/education/ExoticSpecies/autumnolive.htm (91 words)

	SPECIAL EXHIBITS - Wild Foods: Autumn Olive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The small creamy tubular spring flowers produce an overpoweringly sweet aroma and the grey-green lanceolate leaves of the shrub are attractive throughout the summer and fall.
		In the autumn, it produces a pinkish-red silvered oval-shaped berry with a single large seed - a food particularly enjoyed by ruffed grouse.
		Although the autumn olive contains sweetness, it is counterpointed by a vague olivey flavor and makes an excellent sauce for venison, duck, pork and lamb.
	www.gloriamundipress.com /foods_autumn_olive.htm (206 words)

	ESPN Outdoors
		Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) can be planted in fall, winter or early spring.
		Autumn olive will grow well in all regions of the United States, and grows best in full or half-day sun.
		Autumn olive are strong colonizers and can spread rapidly.
	espn.go.com /outdoors/conservation/s/c_fea_NWTF_autumnolive.html (328 words)

	Autumn Olive / Russian Olive
		Autumn olive is somewhat drought tolerant and does well on a variety of soils including sand, loam and clay.
		Autumn olive is native to eastern Asia and was introduced to the United States for ornamental cultivation in the 1800s.
		Russian olive is generally more widespread in the U.S., except in northern New England, where it is less common than autumn olive.
	www.umext.maine.edu /onlinepubs/htmpubs/2525.htm (792 words)

	The Michigan Sportsman Forums - In Defense of Autumn Olive
		Kill all Autumn Olive, and while your at it Russian Olive.
		Autumn olive is one of the few shrubs in northern Michigan which produces reliably every year.
		I have autumn olive on my property and it has lots of wildlife benefits.
	www.michigan-sportsman.com /forum/showthread.php?t=44226 (2428 words)

	Non-Native Invasive Species on the Chequamegon-Nicolet - Autumn Olive
		Description: Native to Asia autumn olive is a medium to large shrub, reaching heights of 20 feet.
		This species is similar to Russian olive but the leaves of Russian olive are longer and more narrow, and are much more silvery in appearance.
		Habitat and Distribution: Autumn olive has nitrogen-fixing root nodules which allow it to thrive in poor soils, such as abandoned fields, pastures, and roadsides.
	www.fs.fed.us /r9/cnnf/natres/nnis/autumn_olive.html (353 words)

	Olive, Autumn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Elaeagnus umbellata or autumn olive is a good plant for windbreaks, and for wildlife food.
		Autumn olive has low water requirements and a high tolerance to salt and alkali soils.
		Elaeagnus angustifolia or russian olive is an excellent windbreak and wildlife tree.
	www.greenwoodnursery.com /page.cfm/263 (188 words)

	Autumn Olive - Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council Invasive Plant Manual
		Height: Autumn olive grows to a height of 6 m (20 ft).
		Hand Pulling: Autumn olive is effectively controlled by manual removal of young seedlings.
		Foliar Spray Method: This method should be considered for large thickets of autumn olive seedlings where risk to non-target species is minimal.
	www.invasive.org /eastern/eppc/autolive.html (942 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Autumn Olive: a Potential Alternative Crop
		Interpretive Summary: Although the shrub Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.) produces abundant edible fruit, it is normally grown for erosion control due to its nitrogen fixing ability, and disease and drought resistance.
		Recent studies at the USDA Beltsville Phytonutrient Laboratory have shown that the fruit of Autumn olive is exceptionally high in the antioxidant carotenoid lycopene, together with other carotenoids and flavonoids.
		Since Autumn olive has not been grown as a fruit crop, selection must be undertaken for horticultural characteristics and clones with the highest lycopene concentration.
	ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=140268 (314 words)

	autumn olive tree Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		We have worked hard to make sure that autumn olive tree information can be found here.
		We hope you have enjoyed the autumn olive tree resources online directory, as much as we have enjoyed researching and compiling it for you.
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	autumn.research101-411.com /autumn_olive_tree.html (428 words)

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