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Topic: Avar Khaganate

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Eurasian Avars

Caucasian Avars

Avars

Pannonian plain

6th century

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	Eurasian Avars
		Avars were once equated with the Juan Juan resulting in much confusion as the latter have become frequently referred to as Avars.
		A connection between the European Avars and the Caucasian Avars and Kabard is severely questioned, but evidence is mounting in favour of the theory that the Avars who settled in Transylvania were only a "pseudo" (Kabar?) portion of other "true" Avars who remained in the Caucasus region under Khazar control.
		In the east, the inhabitants of Khwarezmia, recognised as being under the Avars by 410CE, were said to observe a form of Mosaic law (see Sabians) which might explain the apparent Hebrew artefacts found in excavations of their Carpathian basin graves.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/e/eu/eurasian_avars.html (1259 words)

	Onogur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Onogur or Onoghur (alternative name: Great Bulgaria) was the name of the European Avar state under the rule of the 2nd Avar dynasty, the Bolgar house of Dulo (also Dub or Dubo, of the Unogundur tribe of Bolgars).
		The Onogur state became an Avar- Bulgar federation and spanned large areas of eastern Europe, extending from Pannonia to the Kuban in the 7th century.
		Little is known of what happened within Avar Onoguri between 685 and 791, but it is certain that reference to the area as Onoguria or Hungary continued among their western neighbours until the name stuck.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Onogur (376 words)

	Avars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Avars are a nomadic people of Eurasia who established a state in the Volga River area of Europe in the early 6th century.
		The so-called Avar Ring was defeated by Franks led by Charlemagne in the 9th century whereupon the three major tribes invited the Magyar seven-tribe confederacy to liberate them.
		The faction which is supposed to have remained in the Caucasus formed a powerful khanate in the 10th century contributing to the collapse of Khazaria from within that kingdom.
	www.portaljuice.com /avars.html (1331 words)

	Onogur. Who is Onogur? What is Onogur? Where is Onogur? Definition of Onogur. Meaning of Onogur.
		Onogur or Onoghur was the name of the European Avar federation spreading from Pannonia to the Kuban during their 2nd Dynasty under the rule of the Bolgar house of Dulo (also Dub or Dubo, of the Unogundur tribe of Bolgars) from 635-685CE.
		It was during this dynasty that Pannonia came to be known as Hungary by its neighbours.
		Little is known of what happened within Avar Onoguri between 685-791 but it is certain that reference to the area as Hungary continued amongst their western neighbours continued until the name stuck.
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/Onogur (310 words)

	Avars
		The Avars are a nomadic people who established a state in the Volga River area of Europe in the early 6th century.
		In the mid 5th C., Priskos Rhetor was the first to deal with the Avar tribe which existed in the West Siberian region supporting the theory of origin from the Balkhash region which is further supported by the Chinese records concerning them (see Hua).
		The word "Avar" in the native Avar language means messiah, prophet, angel or archangel, and is always used any time Avars mention the names of Abraham, Noah, Moses, Jesus or Mohammed.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/a/av/avars.html (1157 words)

	TRANSLATION OF TEMPORA...
		The commander Tiberius, however, who was better acquainted with the internal situation in the khaganate, requested the hostages to be among the children of the ‘Scythian chiefs’, that is the children of the Bulgar chiefs.
		The Bulgars were subordinated to the Avar khagan in his campaigns in the Balkans but, apart from that, they enjoyed a great degree of internal autonomy and were almost equal to the Avars as a state-forming people: the driving of the Bulgars out Singidunum [Belgrade] was represented as a success of the Byzantine commander Prisk.
		The Avars took the upper hand and 9,000 Bulgars had to seek refuge under the rule of the king of the Franks Dagobert.
	www.kroraina.com /armen/tempora_incognita.htm (2554 words)

	Eurasian Avars - Iridis Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In the mid 5th century, Priscus was the first to deal with the Avar tribe which existed in the West Siberian region.
		According to Priscus's account, the Avar-Huns forced the Sabirs out of this land and over the Volga around 461-463CE because "a fog rose from the sea scaring people" and this was followed by countless "vultures descending upon the people".
		One is in the Caucasus as a branch of the Protoiberians, another is in the Hindu Kush around present day Kabul, and another, associating them with the Parni, is the region beyond the Jaxartes (Transiaxartesia) around Lake Balkhash in north-east Kazakhstan.
	www.iridis.com /Eurasian_Avars (1203 words)

	FOR THE MEMORY OF THE AVAR KHAGANS
		Avar (Juan-juan) state on the NW border of China, to the Mtn.
		Avar presence in the Basin is certain in 871.
		Avars were the previous wave, and as Slovakians tell, they vanished without trace.
	www.rmki.kfki.hu /~lukacs/AVARS.htm (2967 words)

	Origins of the Serb People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Avar decline began in the late 7th century and culminated in the destruction of their capital by Charlemagne in 796.
		The important military attempts of the Avar people in the course of their domination in Europe for a period of 200 years were the military blockades of Istanbul.
		Therefore, the Avar government led them to undertake the agricultural works in order to yield the harvest and crops that were needed by the Avar Khanate and the performance of border forefront services at the same time.
	www.geocities.com /protoillyrian/serb.html (8721 words)

	THE FIRST BULGARIAN STATE FORMATIONS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Under an agreement with the Avars, the Kara - Bulgars were obliged to participate in the military campaigns of the Avar Khagan.
		The Khagan accused the Bulgarian Baltavar Bu-Yurgan of this setback.
		The Avars (in the Chinese sources they are known as Juan-Juan) were routed by the Turks in the period between 551 and 555 AD.
	www.hunmagyar.org /tatar/bulgar.html (7321 words)

	Eurasian Avars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		According to Priscus's account, the Avar-Huns forced the Sabir s out of this land and over the Volga around 461-463CE because "a fog rose from the sea scaring people" and this was followed by countless "vultures descending upon the people".
		Besides their generally circulated suggestion of their relationship to the Hephthalite s, another well-circulated story of more enigmatic origin has it that the Uygurs were conquered by a Mongolian people in the 5th century (see Uar and Hua).
		The faction which is supposed to have remained in the Caucasus formed a powerful khanate in the 10th century contributing to the collapse of Khazar ia from within that kingdom.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/E/Eurasian-Avars.htm (1300 words)

	The Evidence of Theophylaktos Simokatta - Transoxiana Eran ud Aneran
		A new branch of pastoral nomads settled in the Carpathian Basin at the Easter of 568.
		And we are informed that the Avars are not the same barbarians living in Europe in and around the area of Pannonia, who arrived here before the era of the emperor Maurikios.
		According to these works part of the confusion is due to the fact that a century before the appearance of the European Avars, they had already left their original habitation, moved to the west and became constituents of the empire mentioned by the Hephtalite dynastic name.
	www.transoxiana.com.ar /Eran/Articles/dobrovits.html (3197 words)

	Prester John, Kingdom of - ThroneWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		His arrival in Karakocho dropped him into an internal powere struggle between Prince Sirhan and Princess Illaya for the control of the Khaganate as their father, King Ali, was near death.
		Khagan Lewis gathered all to him at Maclan, and there he put to the assembled tribes, clans and families a proposal.
		The Khagan spoke for a day and a night, whereupon followed lengthly discussion amongst the tribes.
	test.throneworld.com /wiki/index.php/Prester_John,_Kingdom_of (3541 words)

	Banat's Historical Chronology for the First Millennium A.D.
		The gepidae became subjects of the avars which received " all the land of Gepidae " [ie Gepidia ].
		Avars are defeated in 3 separate battles [held in the Alibunar-Moraviţa Valley zone] by the Byzantine army lead by Priscus.
		In 796 some of the avars took refuge from the franks at East from Tisa river [in Banat ?] and frankish army followed them here.
	www.genealogy.ro /cont/20.htm (1370 words)

	bilig23abstract5
		Bosnia was seized by Avars and Slavs from Byzantium at the end of the 6th century, and settled by Slavic masses.
		The Avar State collapsed at the end of the 8th century and its realm was shared between Bulgars and Franks, and to some degree Byzantium.
		Those who invaded Bosnia in the name of the Avar khaganate were Kutrigurs, and they were told about as a people in Herzegovina even in the second half of the 15th century.
	www.yesevi.edu.tr /bilig/biligEng/bilig23/Abstract23.5.htm (319 words)

	Station Information - Balaton Principality
		The Slavic people of that time were weakly differentiated, speaking closely related dialects of the same common language.
		The Slavic inhabitation of Pannonia started in the 5th century after the fall of the Hunic tribal union, but the most intense immigration occurred during the second half of the 6th century, as a part of the Avar tribal union ( Avar Khaganate).
		After the coordinated attack by Franks (led by Charles the Great) and Bulgars (led by khan Krum) which defeated the Avars, the liberated Slavs of Pannonia started organizing semi-independent political units.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/b/ba/balaton_principality.html (382 words)

	Blatensko Knezevstvo - ArtPolitic Encyclopedia of Politics : Information Portal
		Blatensko Knezevstvo ( 833 - 885) was the slavic duchy located in the western part of the Panonia valley (today Hungary) existing in decades between the annihilation of the Avar khaganate[?] and the Magyar ( Hungarian) conquest in the 9th century.
		It was located between rivers Danube to its east and north, Drava and Mura[?] to the south and Rab[?] to the west.
		After defeat of Avars by the coordinated attack by Franks (led by Charles the Great) and Bulgars (led by khan Krum), the liberated slavs of panonia started organizing semi-independent political units.
	www.artpolitic.org /infopedia/bl/Blatensko_Knezevstvo.html (418 words)

	Wikinfo \| Avars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Caucasian Avars' self designation is ma'arulal, or people of the mountains.
		There are three popular points of origin suggested for the Avar peoples one is in the Caucasus as a branch of the Protoiberians, another is in the Hindu Kush around present day Kabul, and another is the region beyond the Jaxartes ( Transiaxartesia) around Lake Balkash in north-east Kazakhstan.
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Avar (1410 words)

	Onogur - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Onogur or Onoghur was the name of the European Avar federation extending from Pannonia to the Kuban during their 2nd Dynasty, under the rule of the Bolgar house of Dulo (also Dub or Dubo, of the Unogundur tribe of Bolgars) from 635 to 685 CE.
		Between 630 – 635, he struggled to unite the Bulgars and the Avars into a powerful Khaganate on the territories of what is now Ukraine.
		Little is known of what happened within Avar Onoguri between 685 – 791, but it is certain that reference to the area as Hungary continued among their western neighbours until the name stuck.
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/Onogur (403 words)

	early medieval, Byzantine and migration period jewelry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Similar earrings were found at territories of Avarian Khaganate: Kölked-Feketekapu cemetery: Kiss A. Das awarenzeitlich gepidesche Gräberfeld von Kölked-Feketekapu A. Innsbruck; Tiszafüred cemetery: Garam E. Das awarenzeitliche Gräberfeld von cemetery Tiszafüred.
		A granulated pyramid p endant with clusters of granulation at all corners suspended from the hoop by a vertical tube.
		Adatok a korai avar temetkezesi szokhasokhoz (Das Reitergrab von Szegvar-Sapoldal.
	ancienttouch.com /early-medieval_byzantine_migration_period_jewelry.htm (1524 words)

	Milosh Siderov, Hidden Treasures of a Forgotten Bulgarian State
		Judging from the style they were made and used by the Avar khaganate - the Union of the Obrai ("Pseudo-Avars"), Bulgarian Slavs, and Kotragoi of Panonia and Srem.
		Once Sotheby exhibited the new treasures, which could also could have belonged to some of the Khagans of the Avar-Koutrigur state, encompassing the Panonian plains, Srem, Banat, Baranya, Slavonia, together with present day Bosnia and Herzegovina, Dalmatia and some parts of Monte Negro, Albania and Macedonia the question is increasingly intriguing.
		Werner notes that the treasuries of "Avar rulers" were always "in close proximity to the Khagan", hence Vrap and Erseka indicate a central region, a seat of a ruler.
	www.kroraina.com /p_bulgar/milosh.html (1899 words)

	«THE TATAR GAZETTE»
		Under an agreement with Avars, Kara - Bulgar Bulgars were obliged to participate in the military campaigns of Avar Khakan.
		The Avar Khaganate, created by them, existed until the middle of the 7-th century.
		The Avars were one of last “splinters” of the Hunnish clans who remained some time in Northern China.
	tatar.yuldash.com /eng_187.html (7084 words)

	Karachay Balkar Explorer
		According to Priscus in 463 Byzantium was visited by an embassy of Saragurs, Urogs and Onogurs, who, dislodged by the Avars drive to the west, conquered the lands of the Akacirs and asked for a union with Byzantium [11].
		After a short stay in the East-European steppes the Avars, carrying away with them a considerable number of Kutrigurs, were forced by the Turcuts (tu-cu) to leave for Central Europe and to settle in Pannonia.
		The replacement of the name of the Kutrigurs is shown even clearer in Fredegarius [25] who narrates about the contest for power over the Avar khaganate, kindled between the candidates of the Avars and the Proto-Bulgarians in 631-632.
	karachaymalkar.bravehost.com /bulgars.html (2871 words)

	Nomads of the Steppe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Khagans were the supreme chiefs of the people, holding a position of much influence and spiritual authority, but not much actual day-to-day command.
		It is not 100% clear that the Bulanids were in fact not Khagans, though their power certainly appears to be that of the Beks.
		In 969 Sviatoslav of Kiev sacked Itil, the capital of the Khazar Khaganate.
	www.hostkingdom.net /siberia.html (7868 words)

	Designing DBM armies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Avars were a Turko-Mongol people probably deriving from the nomadic tribes Juan-Juan that dwelled in the central Asian steppe.
		Nevertheless the Avar Khaganate survived till the 9
		According to Strategikon, the Avar army was an organised and disciplined force, consisting of heavily armoured horsemen carrying lances, bows, helmets, chain mails and occasionally small shields.
	www.fortunecity.com /underworld/straif/69/engavars.htm (1112 words)

	Krum [Definition] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		By defeating the Avar The word Avars can mean: The nomadic people that conquered the Hungarian Steppe in the early Middle Ages, the Eurasian Avars.
		List of Bulgarian monarchs Early Bulgar leaders bore the title of baltavar (balt-avar), which literally means "ruler of Avars".
		Later they acquired the title Khan and Khagan, still later the title tsar.
	www.wikimirror.com /Krum (1482 words)

	Avars
		The nomadic people that conquered the Hungarian Steppe in the early Middle Ages, the Eurasian Avars.
		The modern people of Caucasus, mainly of Dagestan, Caucasian Avars.
		This is a disambiguation page; that is, one that points to other pages that might otherwise have the same name.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/avars (142 words)

	HistorySum
		The Avars set off intense migratory movements at the turn of 7th century and the Slavs came with them to this area too.
		The Avars were present in wider surroundings of Vukovar for more than two centuries establishing the so-called Avar Khaganate in Baranja with Zmajevac, Osijek and Bijelo Brdo.
		The downfall of Khaganate, after 220 years of Avars' domination, happened when the Carolinian Empire's eastern border was set on the Danube River during the reign of Ludwig of Germany.
	www.cosy.sbg.ac.at /~zzspri/travels/regional_history/HistorySum.html (5236 words)

	Troesemis, Summer Capital of the Avar Khaganate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The khagan was in a foul mood, as were his advisors, a grizzled set of older men that stood close by.
		The khagan was a stout man, shorter than his advisors, with one arm hidden in the folds of his fur vest.
		The Avars had tried to launch a sea attack on the city, with rafts and coracles and barges their Slavic slaves had built.
	www.throneworld.com /oathofempire/en/storm_del_13.html (2866 words)

	OUTLINE OF HISTORY
		Avars settle down some Croats at the Adriatic (Adrian Croatia in contrast the older White Croatia in the present Cracovia and Ukraine regions.) That is Roman ecclesiastic territory, so they become Roman Catholic.
		Krum, Khagan of Bulgars, occupies the Avar territories E. of Danubius.
		The plains and hills of the center are settled by the Magyar, Avar and Petcheneg steppe horsemen, and Transylvania is a mosaic of Szeklers, Magyars, Bulak Turks and "Slavic Bulgarians".
	www.rmki.kfki.hu /~lukacs/hungaria.htm (14804 words)

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